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Showing: 541 - 560 of 960 results
  1. Tips and Tricks for Using Golden Gate Modular Cloning (MoClo)

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    Blog Post
    ... Figure 2: MoClo assemblies depend on compatibility of four-base overhangs flanking each genetic...To combat this, you can increase the volume of competent cells you plate after each transformation and/...high-throughput, we recommend transforming into chemically competent cells in a 96-well PCR plate. Always confirm your... MoClo user, but beginners or those performing complex assemblies should screen a minimum of 8–10 colonies...
  2. Plasmids 101: Broad Host Range Plasmids

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    Blog Post
    ...Host range depends on whether the host has the components to recognize the ori and allow for replication...organisms. pBBR1-based plasmids and plasmids in incompatibility groups N, P, Q, and W are known to have replicons...list of the bacterial species these plasmids are compatible with.  Table 1: Non-exhaustive list of common... and Srivastava 2013. Family Replicon Compatible with Shown to work in IncN pCU1 Gram-negative...
  3. Neuronal labeling with Spaghetti Monster

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    Blog Post
    ... The central nervous system (CNS) orchestrates complex processes enabling organisms to control their movements...in order to be expressed stably in neurons. As compared to epitopes tags, FPs are intrinsically fluorescent...fluorescent proteins (smFPs). smFPs are literally composed of FPs fused to multiple epitope tags. Indeed,... structure resembles images of the deity (see comparison image above). The church of the Flying Spaghetti...
  4. Advanced Uses of Cre-lox and Flp-FRT - A Neuroscientist’s View

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    Blog Post
    ...interior target sites. In a second step, the two compatible target sites are cleaved out, leaving behind ...a vector with the inverted DNA flanked by non-compatible target sites (Schnütgen et al. 2003). Flex vectors...within neuronal networks in living animals. To accomplish such cell specific manipulations in vivo, FLEx...knockout. In this experiment it is possible to compare neuronal morphology and synaptic connectivity before...
  5. Plasmids 101: Gateway Cloning

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    Blog Post
    ...reaction creates an expression clone with all of the components necessary for gene expression.     The LR... are performed, the next step is to transform competent E. coli cells and select the positive clones. ...functional. Advantages of the Gateway cloning method Compatibility and flexibility Once you generate the entry ...have generated and deposited their own Gateway-compatible plasmids with Addgene. These can be used to express...
  6. CRISPR Activation: A Practical Guide

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    Blog Post
    ...can be difficult to construct and deliver when compared to gRNAs. Additionaly, cDNAs cannot be used to...Housden BE, Perrimon N, Collins JJ, Church G (2016) Comparison of Cas9 activators in multiple species. Nat Methods...transcriptional activation by an engineered CRISPR-Cas9 complex. Nature 517:583–588 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14136...Kadoch C (2018) Interrogation of Mammalian Protein Complex Structure, Function, and Membership Using Genome-Scale...
  7. Harnessing Bacterial Toxins for Allelic Exchange

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    Blog Post
    ...endogenous homologous recombination enzymes can also accomplish the desired genomic modification. This technique... which results in a merodiploid. This can be accomplished by selecting for an antibiotic resistance marker...scarless modification of bacterial genomes. It can accomplish large deletions, insertions, and even precise...PMC4513841. Latynski US, Valentovich LN. "DNA tuner: a computer program for the construction of polylinker sequences...
  8. Fluorescent Proteins 101: GFP Fusion Proteins - Making the Right Connection

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    Blog Post
    ... proteins in living cells and organisms. Both components of the chimera are encoded by DNA. Since researchers...When both orientations are available, a direct comparison of these fusion proteins may reveal which of ...the fusion protein can be verified and it can be compared to what is expected based on immunofluorescence...interactions) can be challenging. If a fusion can complement a knock-down or knock-out of the corresponding...
  9. CRISPR 101: Validating Your Genome Edit

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    Blog Post
    ...method for knockouts is Tracking of Indels by Decomposition (TIDE) (Brinkman et al., NAR). This technique...trace files of WT and edited cell lines. Then decomposition analysis is performed yielding a graph of edits...This method requires a set of control cells to compare the sequencing reads from your edited sample to...assessment of genome editing by sequence trace decomposition. (2014) Nucleic Acids Research Volume 42, Issue...
  10. Antibodies 101: Single Chain Fragment Variables (scFvs)

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    Blog Post
    ... (Sandomenico et al., 2020). Figure 1: Comparison between the IgG antibody and scFv.   What...their lack of an Fc region. Disadvantages scFVs:  Compared to antibodies, scFvs tend to have lower affinities...intensity of a tagged protein. SunTag has two components: 1) a protein of interest that’s tagged with ....0000000000000145  Gąciarz A, Ruddock LW (2017) Complementarity determining regions and frameworks contribute...
  11. The Advances Behind The World's First Personalized CRISPR Treatment

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    Blog Post
    ...between research hospitals, universities, private companies, and federal regulators. But the speed is impressive...which could be repaired with an A→G edit on the complementary strand. But the invention of base editing doesn...approval, as well. If the editor and delivery components could be rigorously safety tested and reused,...adenine base editor with improved Cas domain compatibility and activity. Nature Biotechnology, 38(7), 883...
  12. Viral Vectors 101: Integrase-Deficient Lentiviral Vectors

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    Blog Post
    ...the production of lentiviral vectors that are competent for one round of infection (AKA transduction in...progeny are produced (Figure 1).  Figure 1: Comparison of the life cycle of a lentiviral vector with...double-stranded DNA transgene is incorporated into a large complex of both viral and cellular proteins and trafficked...titering IDLVs include detecting vector particle components or performing quantitative PCR titration of vector...
  13. Fluorescent Proteins 101: When GFP lets you down

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    Blog Post
    ...to the popularity of GFP including (i) fast and complete maturation to functional, fluorescent protein ...diameter of about 2.4 nm (Hink et al., 2000). The complete beta-barrel is necessary for its fluorescence ...genetically encoded tag and exogenously added components. For a review see Lotze et al. (2016). To date...is used to excite GFP, may also excite several components that are naturally present in cells or media....
  14. Plasmids 101: Common Lab E. coli Strains

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    Blog Post
    ...lacY1 proA2 rpsL20 xyl-5 leu mtl-1 Stbl4   Electrocompetent cells for cloning and storage of unstable ...XL10 Gold Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol High competency cloning and propagation of large plasmids, ligated...tables are by no means exhaustive! For a more comprehensive list and additional information, visit OpenWetWare's...of Bacterial Expression Systems. Check out our companion post describing protein expression strains, where...
  15. Viral Vectors 101: Optogenetic Tools

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    Blog Post
    ...what if you’re interested in studying specific components of those signaling pathways? Here’s where photoswitchable...stimulation. GPCR signaling GPCR signaling is a complicated process involving many downstream signaling mechanisms...applying optogenetic tools derived from direct comparative analysis of microbial opsins. Nature Methods,...
  16. Antibodies 101: Multiplex Immunofluorescence

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    Blog Post
    ...helps all viewers, especially if you have some complex patterns with several overlapping targets to interpret...you add the secondary antibody, it should get completely washed away and leave no signal. If you see lots...samples where you label only one target in each. Compare these individually-labeled samples with the results...deep phenotyping and spatial analysis of cells in complex tissues. Proceedings of the National Academy of...
  17. CRISPR 101: Off-Target Effects

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    Blog Post
    ...certain Cas enzymes are less compatible with the bulkiness that accompanies mispairing of bases. To reduce...unnecessary for many applications, it is the only comprehensive method available. Targeted sequencing approaches...must be quantified slightly differently. For a comprehensive approach, RNA-seq would be an appropriate method...
  18. Antibodies 101: Antibody Engineering and Directed Evolution

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    Blog Post
    ...equipment on a lab bench. The best part? Less complicated math. Bioengineering is a field that has been...achieve whatever goal you’re aiming for. When you complete each cycle, your best-performing mutant is usually...or predicted structure of your antibody-antigen complex as a template. This structural framework then guides... a plate-based format, making it suitable for comparing relative affinities across mutants. Cell surface...
  19. Tips for a 1st Time CRISPR User (by a 1st Time CRISPR User)

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    Blog Post
    ...could avoid potential off target artifacts by comparing the phenotypes of multiple gRNAs. Targeting different...lanes 0.3 % 3.0, Figure 5, lane 2) is faint, so comparing it to the undigested control (Figure 4, lane 0...instead of agarose gives much sharper bands. I compared two MOIs of gRNA transduction to see if that had...testament to how far genome engineering has come. For comparison, in 2007 it took about 3 months to knockout a...
  20. Protocol - How to Streak a Plate

    Type
    Protocol
    ...white dot growing on the solid medium. This dot is composed of millions of genetically identical bacteria ...
Showing: 541 - 560 of 960 results