We narrowed to 326 results for: iNOS
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TypeBlog Post...Tsien’s lab in 1998 (Griffin et al., 1998), this 15 amino acid peptide contains a cluster of four cysteines...cysteines (CCXXCC, where X is any non-cysteine amino acid) that reacts with biarsenical dyes such as FlAsH (...on your protein of interest or using non-natural amino acids to directly incorporate a fluorophore in your...popular self-labeling tag systems Tag Size (amino acids) Ligand Commercial ligands available ...varies Various Few Complicated Non-natural amino acids 1 Various Many Complicated ...
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Special Delivery: Fluorophore Targeting for FRET Studies
TypeBlog Post...Lercher, Spicer, & Davis, 2015). By using a novel aminoacyl tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair, a researcher can lure...the ribosome into inserting a fluorophore-tagged amino acid at a stop codon (often amber i.e. UAG) engineered...site. During translation, the novel tRNA/unnatural amino acid finds the UAG codon in the ribosome, resulting...Synthetase Expression Host pMAH-POLY Polyspecific aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Mammalian Cells pDULE-ABK pyrrolysyl-tRNA...pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthase for aliphatic diazirine amino acids E. coli and Mammalian Cells pEVOL-pAzF synthetase... -
Visualizing Protein Turnover In Situ
TypeBlog Post...are problematic because they require radiolabeled amino acids. The use of radioactive materials is highly...applies metabolic labeling using a noncanonical amino acid, azidohomoalanine (AHA). In the technique, ... labeling is known as fluorescence noncanonical amino acid tagging (FUNCAT, Dieterich et al. Nature Neuroscience...B., and L. Gabriel. "Inhibition by puromycin of amino acid incorporation into protein." Proceedings of... -
Rosella: A Fluorescent pH-Biosensor for Studying Autophagy
TypeBlog Post...autophagy. Cells are cultured with isotope-labeled amino acids for several hours to several days, followed...followed by a short period of growth with unlabeled amino acids. This washout period removes radio-labeled ...ecliptic pHluorin (SEP). They are connected by a 9 amino acid linker that’s fused to the C-terminus of DsRed.T3...PubMed PMID: 18094608 2. Sargsyan, A., Cai, J., Fandino, L. B., Labasky, M. E., Forostyan, T., Colosimo... -
Mobile-CRISPRi: Bringing CRISPRi to Diverse Bacteria
TypeBlog Post...highly conserved glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (glmS) gene in the recipient bacteria due ...plasmids, and lack the ability to synthesize diaminopimelic acid (DAP), a component of the cell wall. Once...disease (S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa) in addition to Vicrio casei, a bacteria isolated...Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa (all opportunistic pathogens) were grown in presence... -
Advancing Biology with Zebrafish: Genetic Tools for Developmental Studies and More
TypeBlog Post... oligonucleotides called morpholinos. When injected into zygotes, morpholinos complementary to a target...activity and does not work easily in zebrafish.) Morpholinos are a convenient and fast way to deactivate genes...whether a gene is deactivated via mutation or morpholino. This observation unlocked novel research into... -
CRISPR-mediated Plant Base Editors
TypeBlog Post...catalyzes the conversion of a target ‘A’ to ‘I’ (inosine), which is treated as ‘G’ by cellular polymerases...converted to a G-C pair (Figure 1). As the cellular inosine excision repair is not as active as uracil excision... for rice crop improvement in the laboratory of Yinong Yang at PSU. References 1. Komor, Alexis C., ...PMC5726555. 4. Xie, Kabin, Bastian Minkenberg, and Yinong Yang. "Boosting CRISPR/Cas9 multiplex editing capability... -
Fluorescent Proteins 101: Aptamer Fluorophores
TypeBlog Post...range of targets, including proteins, peptides, amino acids, drugs, metal ions, and cells (even pathogenic...aptamers hold a few important advantages over their amino acid-based counterparts, antibodies and enzymes,...structure stabilizes a 4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone (HBI)-like compound allowing it to fluoresce...derivative 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone (DFHBI) with relatively low fluorescence in ... -
Harnessing Bacterial Toxins for Allelic Exchange
TypeBlog Post...toxin genes isolated from E. coli or Psuedomonas aeruginosa. These toxins were a mix of Type VI secreted ...tested their expression under both rhamnose- and arabinose-inducible promoters. Tight control of toxin expression...though Khetrapal et al. also demonstrated that the arabinose promoter worked too. Rhamnose induction relies...et al. "Precision-engineering the Pseudomonas aeruginosa genome with two-step allelic exchange." Nature... -
Plasmids 101: Biotinylation
TypeBlog Post...identified the 13 amino acid sequence required for BirA recognition and biotinylation. This 13 amino acid sequence...processes such as gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, amino acid metabolism and energy transduction. Biotinylation...Biotin’s exposed side chain can be cross-linked to amino acid functional groups in vivo via specialized chemicals... -
Lambda Red: A Homologous Recombination-based Technique for Genetic Engineering
TypeBlog Post... that alter the nucleotide sequence but not the amino acid sequence of the translated protein. These ... include the IPTG-inducible lac promoter, the arabinose-inducible pBAD promoter and the endogenous phage...communication and in vitro diagnostics. References 1. Costantino N, Court DL. Enhanced levels of λ Red-mediated... 5. Thomason, L. C., Sawitzke, J. A., Li, X., Costantino, N. and Court, D. L. 2014. Recombineering: Genetic... -
Antibodies 101: Introduction to Antibodies
TypeBlog Post...Epitopes are between 5-8 amino acids long, with a typical length of 5 or 6 amino acids (Cruse et al., 2004...Antibodies may recognize a linearized sequence of amino acids, or only in their 3D conformation. Types of...and sensitivity, for example by changing certain amino acids to improve its stability. Additionally, the... -
CRISPR 101: Multiplex Expression of gRNAs
TypeBlog Post...construct, you clone all but one of your gRNAs into spectinomycin-resistant plasmids pX330S-2 to pX330S-(last ...systems use the Csy4 RNA nuclease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When overexpressed, Csy4 efficiently cleaves...and Cas9, which are separately inducible by L-arabinose and anhydrotetracycline (aTet), respectively. ...Addgene. 8. Xie, Kabin, Minkenberg, Bastian, & Yinong Yang. “Boosting CRISPR/Cas9 multiplex editing capability... -
Starter Guide to induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Part 2: Reprogramming and Transdifferentiation
TypeBlog Post... from donors. Apart from fibroblasts, human keratinocytes from hair pluck, peripheral blood cells, and...Chondrocytes [27] Adipocytes [28] Keratinocytes [29] Photoreceptors [30] Otic hair cells [...of induced pluripotent stem cells from human keratinocytes. Nat Biotechnol, 2008. 26(11): p. 1276-84. PubMed... human induced pluripotent stem cells into a keratinocyte lineage. Methods Mol Biol, 2014. 1195: p. 1-... -
CRISPR 101: Cytosine Transversion Editors
TypeBlog Post... is the nucleobase component of the nucleoside inosine. Created with BioRender.com. Although it was...To avoid confusion, we usually use different terminology when discussing base editors, like calling it...capable of chemically converting adenosine (A) to inosine (I, treated as G by the cell). Surprisingly, the...and Resources Glossary We introduced a lot of terminology in this post! Here’s a quick refresher if you... -
Designer PUF Proteins for Any RNA Target
TypeBlog Post...domain is interesting because by changing certain amino acids you can change the specificity,” explained...explained Zhanar Abil of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The PUF proteins include eight modular...consecutive base in its RNA target. By changing amino acids, it’s possible to produce a protein that binds... -
CRISPR Methods for Bacteria: Genome Engineering, CRISPRa, CRISPRi, Base Editing, and More
TypeBlog Post...and Cas9, which are separately inducible by L-arabinose and anhydrotetracycline (aTet), respectively. ...enzyme cloning. Streptomyces bacteria are more recombinogenic than E. coli, so this system functions more...effectively able to introduce point mutations in P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens,.../10.1038/s41467-019-11479-0 Peters JM, Koo B-M, Patino R, Heussler GE, Hearne CC, Qu J, Inclan YF, Hawkins... -
History of CRISPR Cas - A tale of survival and evolution
TypeBlog Post...technology? Let us know. References Ishino Y, Hideo, S, Makino K, Mitsuko A, Nakata A. J Bacteriol. ...the Type I-F CRISPR/Cas system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6). However, these genes only deactivate the... -
Intro to Our Summer SciComm Series!
TypeBlog Post...at all levels. Jargon is field-specific terminology or language. This can refer both to terms that...that are only used in the field and terminology that is widely used but has a very specific use-case (definition... your career as a scientist underrepresented minorities in your local high school who are also students... -
Predicting Adverse Reactions to Monoclonal Antibody Drugs
TypeBlog Post... the prediction of T cell epitopes based on the amino acid sequence of the antibody. NetMHCPan is one...adverse reactions to drugs: adverse reaction terminology. WHO Collaborating Centre for International Drug...Immunogenicity Assessment for Sequences Containing Unnatural Amino Acids: A Method Using Existing in silico Algorithm...