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TypeBlog Post...these therapeutics. Jesse Bloom’s lab at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center developed a pooled plasmid...created a novel nanocompartment for transporting proteins in yeast by using murine polyomavirus virus-like...VLPs ). This artificial nanoparticle can protect proteins from unfavorable interactions in the cell, improving...zCas9i cloning kit is a plant cloning kit that contains a series of vectors and DNA modules for assembly...
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AAV Vector Quality Control: Going the Extra Mile with NGS
TypeBlog Post...helper plasmids or the cell genome can be packaged inside the vectors during production. These impurities...removed during the purification step because they are inside the virus itself. While these impurities are generally...NGS at Addgene to sequence all the DNA packaged inside the viral particles (Figure 1). Briefly, packaged...to the contaminant. Each contig is then BLASTed against the NCBI nucleotide collection database, and it... -
PhD Applications After COVID
TypeBlog Post...department during the application process. Many institutions recommend that you reach out to potential advisors...you can’t visit. By talking with people at the institution, you can get a better sense of the environment...answer process can also help you to see if the institution is right for you outside of just the program ...options are very handy in moments like that! For instance, during my application cycle, two schools on opposite... -
10 Basic tips for mammalian cell culture
TypeBlog Post... Khan Khilji, a PhD student at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces. Here are some tips...split cells Don’t be lazy about splitting cells, instead try to form a routine. Twice a week often works...take a vial of the ‘mint condition’ master stock instead of ‘borrowing’ cells that have already been passaged...soon be joining her PhD lab at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces. Sana is particularly... -
Google Forums Round Up: First Impressions of NgAgo
TypeBlog Post...November 18, 2016): Researchers from a variety of institutions recently reported their inability to recapitulate... and development before it can truly be pitted against CRISPR head-to-head. Exciting features of NgAgo...and fussy to optimize. One reason could be the instability of the supposedly alien 5’-phosphorylated ssDNA...Burgess, Shawn., et al. "Questions about NgAgo." Proteins & Cell (2016). 3. "NgAgo: Genome-editing by a ... -
New Optimized Genome-wide CRISPRko, CRISPRi, and CRISPRa Libraries
TypeBlog Post...labs of David Root and John Doench at the Broad Institute have developed human genome-wide CRISPRko (knock...CRISPRi libraries utilize an engineered Cas9, which contains multiple point mutations in the nuclease domain...potential off-target effects. The Dolcetto library contains two sets of sgRNAs; A, the top 3 ranked sgRNAs... sequences can also be modified to include RNA domains that recruit additional transcription factors. ... -
Negative Can Be Positive: Open AAV Data with Addgene
TypeBlog Post...D-F) High-magnification images immuno-stained against dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH, magenta) to label...and that it often provides incredibly valuable insight into one’s work. As a community, we must therefore...remove the stigma around sharing negative data and instead focus on getting this information out into the ... A., Hsu, R., Kalwani, L., Sierra-Mercado, D., Robinson, J. O., Outram, S., Koenig, B. A., Pereira, S.... -
CRISPR Antimicrobials
TypeBlog Post...antimicrobials could become our newest line of defense against bacteria. Created with BioRender.com. ...resistance using multiple approaches. Major restaurant chains including Chipotle and Panera Bread have pledged... just the method needed to jumpstart the fight against antibiotic resistance. Advantages of CRISPR over...strategy can help us win back ground in the fight against bacterial superbugs. References 1. Citorik, Robert... -
Rett Syndrome: A History of Research and Therapeutic Outlooks
TypeBlog Post...medical journal. Decades later and after years of painstaking work trying to isolate the causative gene for...recently used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to both precisely insert the MECP2-R270X mutation into the MECP2 gene in...fine-tuning dosage so that enough wild-type MECP2 is made inside the cells, but this is exciting progress in tackling...:2<147::aid-ajmg6>3.0.co;2-o Baker SA, Chen L, Wilkins AD, Yu P, Lichtarge O, Zoghbi HY (2013) An AT-Hook... -
To Codon Optimize or Not: That is the Question
TypeBlog Post...growing polypeptide chain. One part of the tRNA contains the anticodon, a three nucleotide sequence complementary...become extremely useful in expressing functional proteins in hosts that do not naturally express that gene...host you are using or come from an organism that contains expression limiting regulatory elements or use...10.1038/nsmb1031 Gustafsson C, Govindarajan S, Minshull J (2004) Codon bias and heterologous protein expression... -
Plasmids 101: Plasmid Incompatibility
TypeBlog Post...with the replicon- the part of the plasmid that contains the origin of replication and the replication ...inhibiting translation of replication machinery proteins, or directly inhibit replication by binding to...walking” the same plasmids to one daughter cell, instead of partitioning each type of plasmid into a separate...2015) Imaging centromere-based incompatibilities: Insights into the mechanism of incompatibility mediated... -
AAV Titers: Where Do They Come From And What Do They Mean?
TypeBlog Post...purified viral vector solution (which contains viral capsid proteins) as opposed to purified DNA. This may...see below), since each viral particle typically contains one viral genome. Other than a theoretical maximum...mitigated by using purified viral DNA as the template instead of the intact AAV particle. Finally, the precision... -
Supporting Reproducibility with a Connected ELN
TypeBlog Post...reproducibility is limited in two ways – only data inside the ELN is reproducible, and only the highly restricted...Goettingen, and several other large research institutions. The following graphic depicts the ways in which...banks and sequencing files is likely stored in institutional and lab servers specifically designed to hold...illustrated in this video, and to data stored on institutional and lab servers. Connectivity to other tools... -
CRISPR-mediated Plant Base Editors
TypeBlog Post...Transition mutation (C>T, G>A, A>G, and T>C) installation by base editors. Pathways that compete with ...developed plant adenine base editor (ABE) vectors to install A>G or T>C mutations in the plant genome. We constructed...probably due to the presence of nucleosome or other proteins. You can detect base editing as early as 48-72...Ag-biotechnologist in the National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India. Currently Kutubuddin ... -
Twenty Years of Sharing: Addgene's Viral Vector Service
TypeBlog Post...process that isn’t as simple as it seems. Take, for instance, the GCaMP-encoding viral vectors available in...service. While they were both requested, GCaMP6 remains the more requested option, and jGCaMP8 appears ...compared to other AAVs preps from 2016–2023. B) Inset showing distribution of only GCaMP6, jGCaMP7, and...our own repository data, giving us significant insight into which vectors are likely to be of most use... -
Plasmids 101: Control Plasmids
TypeBlog Post...every experiment, an investigator needs a standard against which the results can be compared; results from...single experiment wherein Plasmid A (encoding shRNA against human Gene X in backbone Y) was transfected into...included as these provide the baseline/standard against which other samples can be compared. The Empty ...For example, in the experiment above, Plasmid A contains an shRNA that targets human Gene X and human cells... -
Tips for Using FRET in Your Experiments
TypeBlog Post...within living cells. By coupling fluorophores to proteins, pioneers of this technique were able to directly...FRET-based biosensors, and interactions between DNA and proteins. FRET, in theory, is an easy technique, but it...to studying an unknown interaction between two proteins, these parameters are difficult to overcome but...FRET_teaching_module.pdf Day RN, Davidson MW. Fluorescent proteins for FRET microscopy: monitoring protein interactions... -
Viral Vectors 101: AAV Variables That Matter
TypeBlog Post...serotype that works great in a GABA neuron, for instance, may not transduce the adjacent norepinephrine...differences in tropism between animal species or even strains of the same species. What works well in a mouse...recommended to optimize to the “lowest number required” instead of using the first amount that looks effective....Moullier, P. (2002). Lack of an Immune Response against the Tetracycline-Dependent Transactivator Correlates... -
Plasmids 101: Repressible Promoters
TypeBlog Post...turning transcription OFF. Despite their bacterial origins, Tet systems function well in mammalian cells, ...including the “middle” ADH1 promoter pADH1m, which maintains activity during the late ethanol consumption phase...results in chimeric GAL80-repressible and GAL80-insensitive activators of lexAop. This system is commonly...modular vector for ease of use! Conclusion This post contains only a brief overview of some of the most common... -
A Guide to Getting Started in Undergrad Research
TypeBlog Post...scientist” conjured up images of men like Albert Einstein and Bill Nye in their lab coats handling glassware...solve global problems. Biomedical research, for instance, contributes heavily to medical practice, and ...relatives suffering from similar diseases. Others were inspired by the imminent threat of climate change to study...interesting questions and your excitement will in turn inspire the people around you. Be proactive Rather than...