...Byron Rubin, a crystallographer working with Jane Richardson, provided an initial solution to this problem...problem with the development of Byron’s Bender – a mechanical device that could be used to bend 1/8th inch ... the nascent polypeptide emerges from the exit channel.   He then said “I hadn’t realized how perfectly...

... protein aggregation, you may want to consider changing your incubation temperature. Some proteins aggregate...kDa) and a 0.45 µm (p) membrane for larger ones. Changing your membrane size is probably the easiest troubleshooting...alcohol. The increased SDS will increase the negative charge on the protein, allowing it to move more readily...Posttranslational modifications Check literature Highly charged amino acids Run control protein (if available...

... peripheral nervous system presents a special challenge to scientists. What works well in one cell or ...vectors in neuroscience Let’s consider my first challenge when I started working with AAV vectors. I wanted...specifically to allow scientists to evaluate how small changes in vector administration can influence AAV expression...

...investigate viral processes in extreme detail. The mechanism of a particular observation can be easily studied...viral sequences (e.g. promoters) can be studied by changing the minigenome cis-acting sequences and monitoring...24093048. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3787895. 6. Weik, Michael, et al. "The Ebola virus genomic replication promoter...

... an unusual type of IgG antibody called a heavy chain antibody (HCab), which are unique to camels, llamas...and meticulously screening, optimizing, and characterizing several anti-mouse and -rabbit nanobodies. ...secondary nanobody, it’s important to review a few characteristics of your primary antibody: species it was raised...

...CRISPR-associated Transposase) by the Zhang group. Mechanism of CRISPR-transposons One of the CRISPR-transposon...in each type of CRISPR-Transposon system. (B) Mechanism of RNA-guided transposition in type I-F INTEGRATE...bp target-site duplication (TSD), a hallmark characteristic of the Tn7-family of transposons. Insertion...

...adenosine to inosine in RNA, creating a functional A->G change. They fused ADAR deaminase domains (ADARDD) to ...introducing a C opposite the target A to be edited. This change specifies the edit to be made when multiple As ... their RESCUE (RNA Editing for Specific C-to-U Exchange) system (Abudayyeh et al., 2019). To avoid some...

...graphics for visuals. However, it’s much more challenging to design a hands-on interactive activity using...Flexible. Low barrier to entry. Ample distribution channels both digitally and physically. Easy to incorporate...Media Medium to high Combines pros of multiple channels/balance out cons. Flexible. Can allow people to...

...Two hybrid systems were developed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 1989 and are still used extensively ...host strain can help. In order to reduce the chance that the configuration of your fusion proteins ...J.L., Boles, E., André, D., and Frommer, W.B. K+ channel interactions detected by a genetic system optimized...

... and forth with. That being said, we probably exchanged dozens of drafts of the manuscript. This is the...transform the document into something cohesive-- change the sentences, make it flow, and start telling ...Overall, writing a review can be overwhelming and challenging. My best advice is don’t overthink it. And to...

...pre-designed plasmids containing these variants ready for purchase. But what is the easiest and fastest way to use...choose the most effective ones to increase your chances of gene modification in vivo. Find Plasmids for...than the delicate RNA and therefore there has less chance of contamination with RNase leading to degradation...

..., I often found people outside my university approachable, friendly, and helpful. Finally, don’t forget...relationships. Personally, I find this to be the most challenging and time-intensive part of relationship building...people outside your organization just to have a quick chat can be rather tricky (think people based in different...

... PHP.B. The Deverman lab started by seeing how changes in LY6A’s expression affected PHP.B’s transduction...check out these two references: Dayton, Robert D., Mychal S. Grames, and Ronald L. Klein. "More expansive...were engineered, check out these two references: Chan, Ken Y., et al. "Engineered AAVs for efficient noninvasive...

... PAMs, respectively (Walton et al., 2020). Characterization of Cas9 from additional bacterial species ...additional Cas9 species PAM sequence may not be characterized Non-SpCas9's bind a variety of PAM sequences.... Furthermore, non-SpCas9's may have other characteristics that make them more useful than SpCas9. For...

...FRET has also been used to measure conformational changes, cleavage activity using FRET-based biosensors,...method useful for dynamic experiments in which FRET changes are large. Two other methods are commonly used... such as pH or autofluorescence background, can change the fluorescence decay time and have to be taken...

... but sufficiently annotated data used to create charts and tables in the paper are in scope. For images...end” figure or table, clicking on the published chart could reveal the underlying data and allow other...work against transparency. This opens science to charges of elitism and for scientists to be hiding behind...

...blue-light controlled optogenetics, such as channelrhodopsins and tools based on light-oxygen-voltage (LOV...tell us about cellular events via  fluorescence changes occurring due to protein synthesis, degradation...developed based on mIFP6. Learn more about the characteristics, performance, and applications of near-infrared...

...OFP (orange), is expressed when Cre is absent; stochastic Cre excision results in one of three recombinations...First, the imaging of Brainbow mouse tissue was challenging due to low fluorescence intensity, caused partially...fluorescent proteins to find those with ideal characteristics (low aggregation, high photostability, and ...

...activates/represses gene expression by various mechanisms. The RNA guide is typically 20 nts and the genomic...off-target events Even after you’ve reduced the chance of off-target effects, you still need to do your... knock-out cell line to perform downstream characterization of, isolating 2 or 3 distinct clones to perform...

...register and catalyzes their recombination, thereby changing the state of the RSM. If an attB-attP pair is ...general would benefit from a more comprehensive characterization of the recombinases at our disposal.  Many...Vectors Can Be Used for Genome Editing Learn about Michael Koeris' Journey from Grad Student to SynBio Entrepeneur...