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...DNA guides NgAgo uses 5’ phosphorylated DNA guides (so called “gDNAs”) rather than the RNA guides employed...remains faithful to its guide DNA and cannot switch guides. While this fidelity would prevent other small...24 base DNA guides may be more user-friendly, since they can be ordered as oligonucleotides and should ...gDNA guides will also need to be transfected into the cells of interest. In contrast, RNA guides must ... tested if NgAgo preferred certain guide sequences - using 5 guides/gene for 10 genes, they did not observe... the DNA guide impaired NgAgo activity, with three mismatches abolishing activity. One-guide faithful...important role in RNA interference, binding RNA guides to cleave foreign RNA. Argonaute proteins are also...

...similar to TIDE known as TIDER (Tracking of insertions, deletions, and recombination events). TIDER can screen...both trace files to the TIDE tool online along with your sgRNA sequence. The TIDE software will generate...off-target effects with Sanger sequencing, provided you have some idea of where in the genome you might expect...knockouts is Tracking of Indels by Decomposition (TIDE) (Brinkman et al., NAR). This technique uses the... deletion frequency. Fig. 1: Overview of TIDE. The input is sequencing trace files of WT and edited...input population or clone.   How to perform a TIDE First, use PCR to amplify the target region of interest...graph representing all insertions and deletions identified within a given genomic window, along with the...

...with peptide/protein analyses using ELISA. Peptides 72:4–15 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.012...vary the acrylamide content of the gel. For small proteins, use a higher percentage of acrylamide to increase...usually composed of a nitrocellulose or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) in a step called protein transfer...they provide qualitative measurements. If you require precise quantification of a protein, consider using...immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays.  Westerns are divided into two categories, native and denaturing. In ... protein mix by size Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is the first...agent, typically containing thiols, to cleave disulfide bonds. Load the samples, one sample per lane, ...

...Having answer slides ready after your formal conclusion slide will also help with your confidence. It is best...suspense. Notice the simplicity of their slides and how the slides complement the spoken message. Learn from...speak to start creating slides or thinking about content. Create a Google.slides or Powerpoint file right...this might sound condescending, consider explaining the term on a slide but not reading the explanation...everything I allow 1 slide for every 1 minute of talk length, and then I cut a few more slides. Do not run over...always be a future boss in the room, so it is a good idea to start thinking about public speaking early and...talks for non-academic settings. Many of these guidelines will apply to any type of science presentation...

...overhangs with the same three nucleotides in a row; (4) no more than two nucleotides in the same position; (...that high-fidelity reactions could be done using overhang sets that broke rules 3—5. Fidelity, it turns... design high-fidelity Golden Gate Assemblies and overhang sets: NEBridge Ligase Fidelity Viewer™; NEBridge...reactions. NEBridge Ligase Fidelity Viewer This tool allows a user to check fidelity of an overhang set by ...remarkably high 71% fidelity, while the 52-piece assembly of a lac operon dropped to 49% fidelity, with significant...be strictly followed in order to generate high-fidelity reactions. (Need a refresher? The five rules are... a single tube. Their assembly had a predicted fidelity of 71% (Pryor et al., 2020). And in 2022, using...

... requires that you provide two out of six forms of documentary evidence: Evidence of receipt of major...obtain permanent residence. The recently established case Matter of Dhanasar provides the three-prong ...field Evidence of original scientific or scholarly research contributions in the field Evidence of authorship... to convey general information only and not to provide legal advice or opinions. The contents of this ...advice on specific legal issues.  The permanent residence “green card” process is a necessary and often ...uncertainty associated with filing a permanent residence case with United States Citizenship and Immigration...national researchers who require visas, permanent residence or citizenship to continue their work in the US...

...defined peptides. Munro and Pelham’s first published peptide tagging experiment involved a peptide from ...with unrelated peptides that already had high quality antibodies available - aka peptide tagging.  Key ...bound to the mid-protein peptide, while three bound to the C-terminal peptide. One of these C-terminal... of these new antibodies and identified Myc1-9E10 and its target peptide as a suitable pair for protein...from the neuropeptide substance P. This protein had a highly specific antibody to the C-terminal five amino...could be quite small. However, substance P has an amide group added to its C-terminus post-translationally...critical for antibody recognition. As such, the peptide could only be added to the C-terminus of proteins...

...for protein-peptide locking, Mark Howarth’s lab has developed a new tool for peptide-peptide locking. The...One 2013 Oct 7;8(10):e76117. Irreversible peptide-peptide ligation using SpyLigase Building off their...that promotes the formation of an isopeptide bond between 2 peptide tags, SpyTag and KTag. The group demonstrated... demonstrated the use of the SpyLigase peptide-peptide interaction to link affibodies or antibodies against...scientists to use CRISPR-Cas technology to perform genome-wide knockout screens. These vectors and sgRNA libraries... to browse CRISPR plasmids, watch informational videos, download protocols, and more! Looking for background... CRISPR technology? See our improved CRISPR-Cas Guide. Wang et al., Science. 2014. Jan 3;343(6166):80...

...libraries exist, but none provide a means to continuously diversify all nucleotides within a user-defined ...10-6 mutations per nucleotide per generation vs. 10 x 10-10 mutations per nucleotide per generation of ...diversification of all nucleotides at a user-defined loci in bacteria. Its modular nature provides versatility in...O., et al. "CRISPR-guided DNA polymerases enable diversification of all nucleotides in a tunable window... changes to a DNA sequence can help scientists identify and/or facilitate the evolution of new phenotypes...method developed by the Dueber Lab at Berkeley, provides a new approach for generating novel genetic variants...users to achieve targeted diversification of all nucleotides within a defined region of a genome. Require...

...even single mismatches within a CRISPR guide can prevent the guide from binding to the genome or prevent...thetargeting sequences of guides across 8 CRISPR libraries. Samples are divided into those of African ancestry...approximately 20% more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that map to guides in the Broad’s Genomic Perturbation...accounted for in the CRISPR guides they used, leading to mismatches between the guides and the lines’ genomes... CRISPR screens in DepMap to see if they could identify the ancestry of the cell lines (European, East...germline genetic variations. They then wanted to identify cancer-associated genetic dependencies associated...relationship between the genetic dependencies they identified and their associated ancestries. While there ...

...adapted "self-cleaving" 2A peptides into their muliticistronic vectors. These peptides, first discovered in ... these peptides are thought to function by making the ribosome skip the synthesis of a peptide bond at...cleavage with some of these peptides, no consensus has been reached on which peptide works best. Likely the...from a single transcript. The two strategies most widely incorporated into plasmids for research purposes...the specific genes cloned into the vector.3  2A Peptides To overcome some of the disadvantages of the IRES...between the end of the 2A sequence and the next peptide downstream.4 The "cleavage" occurs between the ...Proline.  The table below lists the four common 2A peptides employed by scientists. 2A cleavage is universal...

...menu. Typically, we use the default nucleotide database “Nucleotide collection (nr/nt)” as it contains ... the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) provided by NCBI. BLAST helps us compare the sequencing...reference sequences, such as full plasmid sequences provided by the laboratories that deposit their plasmids...programs available, we primarily use Standard Nucleotide BLAST (blastn), Standard Protein BLAST (blastp...BLAST (blastx). NCBI has a terrific getting-started guide for BLAST, which includes a simple explanation of...BLAST search pages. At Addgene, we use blastn to identify any discrepancies in Sanger sequences, such as...ORFs) and determine the potential effect of any nucleotide discrepancies. The blastp and blastx programs...

...A,T or C – but avoid NAG) or guide RNA target (“seed”) sequence. The idea was that these “blocking mutations...mutation), blocking the guide RNA binding site works well. However, since some guide RNAs may tolerate a ...end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, leading to nonspecific nucleotide insertions, dele­tions or other mutations, referred...repair template, such as a sin­gle-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN), which contains the intended sequence...efficiency.   But what’s better: PAM-blocking or guide RNA blocking mutations? This depends entirely on...however we have also demonstrated the efficiency of guide RNA blocking mutations. So if the locus does not...while taking advantage of the improved efficiency provided by blocking mutations. Essentially, you:  Step...

...social media, videos, newsletters, guides, and e-books – comes into play. Our goal is to provide informative...using the example of our Antibody Guide, which was published alongside our new antibody services in the... The guide was then assigned to our science communication specialist, Rachel, to write. Identify expertise.... Since our guides are heavily used, our graphic designer made most of the Antibody Guide figures. This...topics for the Addgene blog? Or why we make certain videos? In this post, we invite you behind the scenes ...you, whether you realize it or not! Many of our ideas come from social media conversations, conferences... all of our frequently asked questions!    Identify needed content Let’s take a look at how we create...

... particular, one slide of the presentation made a lasting impression on me. The slide showed a complex...approach is to identify an appropriate list of genes to target. Thus, it is always a good idea to keep a bioinformatician...Sweden. It can be very time consuming to design 5 guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting each of the 1000 genes you...screens targeting a (long or short) list of genes provided by the user. This approach is useful for several...effective by world class CRISPR labs.  Check Out This Video to See How Green Listed Works at a Glance!  CRISPR...subsequently sequenced by next generation sequencing to identify which gRNAs are differentially expressed in the...to dissect a complex signaling pathway, and to identify what part of a pathway to inhibit to block the...

... more fully identify with and be inspired by the mentor’s successful example. For evidence of this, you...Valencia): “IMP showed me a wide range of professional opportunities that are outside of our typical boundaries... Program (IMP) USA-Europe was created. IMP as an idea was conceived and developed by its Director, Dr.... closer than ever (although not physically) the ideas and experience from talented professionals to their...together with the universities, a bright future. IMP provides matched one-on-one international mentorship, with...globalized world where individuals can exchange ideas, network, collaborate, and innovate internationally...offered by programs like IMP USA-Europe not only provide the specific technical and logistic support to ...

... that you provided for each sample. Guide Target - This is the user-defined 17-23 nucleotide sequence ...sequencing files and provide basic information such as your sample names and guide sequences, and ICE will...which also includes our CRISPR knockout guide design tool, guide validation tool, and guaranteed editing... Lead at Synthego. Article source: Step-by-Step Guide for Analyzing CRISPR Editing Results with ICE on...editing field by making experimental workflows considerably easier, faster, and more efficient than previous...examined ICE analysis of Sanger sequencing data alongside the analysis of NGS-based amplicon sequencing ...time or as a batch of hundreds, and indicate the guide RNA sequence you used. The ICE tool will calculate...

...joint. Silly ideas (mining local salt deposits to sell at farmers markets), and serious ideas (how to stop...for the future. From good ideas to a SynBio startup At some point, our ideas got pretty good. We started...journal clubs outside of work. Our scientific training was put to use as we explored ideas, planned out...we could do to make ourselves marketable to the wider world and occasionally thinking about how we could...establishment hiring system altogether. We had a lot of ideas about things we could do for work, and they weren... together we make a pretty good team. We have confidence that we can take on any challenge and quickly...marketable product. During this process, we had an idea that survived the literature review, survived technical...

...chain-terminating or dideoxy sequencing, was a major breakthrough for determining the order of nucleotides in a string...Sanger sequencing uses modified nucleotides, called dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs), lacking the 3’ hydroxyl...added and when. Compiling the identity and location of a given nucleotide, a researcher (or a simple computer...the widespread use of Sanger sequencing. Building upon this technology, radiolabelled nucleotides were...Edward M. Southern (1), can be used to detect DNA identity, size, and abundance. If a scientist wants to ...gene mutation, southern blotting can be used to identify the presence of that mutated gene. In southern...One example of southern blotting being used to identify a gene mutation is the genetic test used for sickle...

...whenever applicable?Against this, consider the cost of an accidental release. Science relies on popular... DNA cassette encoding the cas9 gene and single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) with appropriate flanking homology...homology into a germline cell can create an RNA-guided gene drive. In principle, this event could happen even...available. Consequently, the best way to avoid accidentally creating a gene drive is also the easiest: don't...barrier protocols, they can reduce the risk of accidental escape to a negligible level. One major reason...publish the concept and likely capabilities of RNA-guided gene drives in the summer of 2014 (after extensive...hope was that anyone else who came up with the same idea or wanted to build a gene drive in a model organism...

...to the guide RNA, Cas9 cannot cut. 2. Bind to target DNA in the presence of a guide RNA provided that target...the components necessary to: 1. Bind to a guide RNA The guide RNA, which will be described in more detail...of the site targeted by the guide RNA. In the absence of either the guide RNA or a PAM sequence, Cas9 ...synthetic guide RNA or gRNA (sometimes sgRNA) In the native Type II CRISPR/Cas system, Cas9 is guided to its...into one RNA sequence known as the guide RNA (gRNA) or single guide RNA (sgRNA). Throughout the remainder...Cpf1) to cut the genome and a small RNA (gRNA) to guide this nuclease to a user-defined cut site. After ...Please note that while this post is intended to provide a general overview of CRISPR components, new Cas9...

...Producing stop motion videos is very time consuming; producing a 1-2 minute video takes an entire week ...with the images thereby making the videos more real. To give you an idea of the amount of work, see how many...’s gotten easier now that I identify with the main character in the video. We’ve grown attached to the...Dalila Cunha de Oliveira. Bricking Science is an idea built, literally, 'brick-by-brick' to introduce ...mysterious source of failure the lab gnome. See this video where he/she/it/something is captured on camera:...most people don’t get to experience this very human side to scientific research. Find Protocols Lab Tips ...was born. We chose the stop motion format for our videos as it is the most approachable for LEGOs. Stop ...

... development. Paula Videira: Congenital disorders of glycosylation Paula Videira is an Assistant Professor...been working with the Rare Genomics Institute to provide plasmid grants to researchers working on rare diseases...through the BeHEARD Award. Congratulations to Paula Videira, Michael McMurray, and Richard Gronostajski who...steps in the glycan biosynthetic pathway and have a wide range of clinical manifestations. PMM2-CDG is the...) activity due to mutations in the PMM2 gene. Videira’s group recently reviewed and reported that PMM2...studied and understood.  In line with this, Prof. Videira and collaborators will use Addgene plasmids to ...altered in PMM2-CDG. These studies are expected to identify new therapeutic targets/solutions and enable scientists...

...DNA edits and to perform functional screens to identify genes involved in a phenotype of interest. This...discuss differences between these approaches, and provide updates on how best to design gRNAs. A more extended...module_attribute "style" is_json="true" %}{% raw %}{"override_default_style":true,"button_font":{"color":"#FFFFFF",...gRNAs! Comic by Maya Kostman.   Important considerations before you start an experiment with CRISPR ...expression. Location and sequence are important considerations for designing your gRNAs. For indels, it's ...off targets. For CRISPRa and CRISPRi, these considerations are of roughly equal importance (target should...since potential target sites occur ~1 in every 8 nucleotides, restricting gRNAs to 5 – 65% of the protein ...

...the bulk of the peptides identified to be from the target protein. This approach is ideal for validating...the sample was identified as your target protein, allowing you to proceed with confidence.  Share your ...experiments that you’ve been planning, it is a good idea to pause and make sure that your antibody has been... appropriately validated so that you can have confidence in your results. But what is appropriately validated... This post will go over some of the general considerations you should review before using an antibody.... that your antibody is not binding to proteins outside of your target protein. Show suitability for an...There are a number of resources available that provide in-depth discussions on strategies for antibody...

...If you have a wide variety of protein amounts on the same blot, you may want to consider using a different...online/ask an expert Review protocol videos for a visual guide to good technique High background ...lightly marked on the membrane (1) using the gel as a guide. The gel is then removed from the membrane (2) and... buffers and strengths. If that’s not working, consider using a subcellular fractionation kit or a lysing...re seeing protein aggregation, you may want to consider changing your incubation temperature. Some proteins...aggregate at 95 °C, a common lysis temperature, so consider a longer incubation (10–20 minutes) at 70 °C, ...If you need very accurate protein measurements, consider using an unstained protein ladder, which will ...

...Cas9 orthologs to identify a more efficient, well tolerated, Cas enzyme. They identified the Cas9 orthologue... essential genes in a wide variety of bacteria including in pooled, genome-wide, formats. Interested in...dCas9 variant as well. Furthermore, they provide a high-fidelity (HF) variant of the BE3 that further improves... Then, pCRISPR is introduced along with an oligonucleotide repair template. Through recombineering, the...in Streptomyces  Streptomyces bacteria produce a wide variety of bioactive natural products. To easily...INTEGRATE (Insertion of Transposable Elements by Guide RNA-Assisted Targeting) and the Zhang lab's system...select genes in E. coli. Furthermore, to demonstrate wider applicability they demonstrated success of Cas9 ...

...our CRISPR guide for a refresher on CRISPR/Cas9.  Figure 1: Cpf1 is a single RNA-guided endonuclease...crRNA/tracrRNA hybrid guides needed for Cas9 function. Since both Cpf1 and its guide RNAs are smaller than...Cpf1 functions differently. Since Cpf1 loci are widely distributed across bacterial species, Zetsche et... crRNAs for Cpf1-mediated cleavage are 42-44 nucleotides in length, about the same size as Cas9’s, but... cleaves in a staggered fashion, creating a 5 nucleotide 5’ overhang 18-23 bases away from the PAM. With...SpCas9. Since Cpf1 doesn’t require a tracrRNA, crRNA guides are only ~42 nt long. Direct synthesis of these...and off-target efficiency When Cpf1 was first identified, we didn't know much about its on-target and ...

...a march in support of science, I loved the idea and decided to go. At my local March for Science in Albany...advocate for scientist participation in government, evidence to inform policies, a protected place to work,...hired hinges on performing near miracles. When evidence does not affirm our perception of how things are...scientists are tempted to seek out alternative evidence and discard inconvenient findings. Yet, we cannot...scientists to rally in Ottawa to protest the “death of evidence,” and to speak out in unprecedented force during... and actions beyond marches, as well as allies outside the scientific community. Vanessa Sung is currently...Centre at McGill University in Montreal, Canada.  Outside the lab, she dabbles in science policy, public ...

...cloning the 20-nt guide RNA is identical for both vectors. Here, we provide a step-by-step guide for using a...and a 20-nucleotide (nt) guide sequence that is complementary to the DNA target. The 20-nt guide region ... or omega RNA (ωRNA) guide the TnpB to its DNA target, much like the single guide RNA (sgRNA) used in ... a Dra2TnpB. Step 1: Design the 20-nt Guide Sequence Identify a TAM site (5′-TTGAT-3′) in your target...single experiment (Karmakar et al., 2024). Practical Guide: Using pK-TnpB1 and pK-TnpB2 Vectors The vectors...plant-specific tools for predicting efficiency of guides are currently unavailable, you can use TEEP — a...Oligo 1: Add 'tcaa' to the 5′ end of your forward guide sequence (see Figure 1). Oligo 2: Add 'ggcc' to ...

...changes. Base-calling software can then identify the nucleotide that passed through based on these characteristic...used for either guided or new de novo assembly. If a full anticipated sequence is provided, it’s used as...our QC process if there is a 100% nucleotide match to base identity and plasmid length. Any mismatch or...Previously, we provided a general overview of the QC process at Addgene. All plasmids go through this...developed in 1977 by Fred Sanger, was the first widely used DNA sequencing technology. The process relies... bases (A, C, T, or G) is supplied as a dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (ddNTP) so that after its addition... reads a fluorescent label on the terminating nucleotide and records it in a “trace” file to determine...

...usually pick 3–6 guides around the region to find the most efficient guide (most guides would work, but...and the concentration of Cas9 and guide RNA (gRNA). These considerations only matter if the PAM sequence...HR template vector design guidelines? A7: A few notes below are considerations for designing HR donor. ...plasmid, clone in your target guides, test run them, and then select the best guide to co-transfect in HR donor...100 bp away, ideally less than 10 bp away. For small (<50 bp) changes, you should consider using ssDNA...for your CRISPR genome engineering experiments, consider that wildtype Cas9 with optimized chimeric gRNA... drive expression, is it necessary to add a G nucleotide to the start of my target sequence? A3: The human...

...programmable guide sequence as the spacer and the remaining sequence as the scaffold. gRNA: "Guide RNA" is ...between the guide and target in order to cut DNA, whereas some mismatches can be tolerated outside this region...CRISPR array. The CRISPR array is composed of identical repeat sequences and variable spacer sequences...includes the crRNA and tracrRNA sequences in a “single-guide RNA” that performs both functions. Cas9 cuts both...all have in common is the ability to use an RNA guide to target other nucleic acids—usually DNA—to cut... sequences in the CRISPR array that will become guides for future targeted degradation. Before integration...foreign DNA that Cas proteins recognize using an RNA guide. Non-target strand: The paired strand of foreign...

...do you identify the actively silenced ones? Here, I’ll cover some screening methods to identify them. ...RNAi-trigger type you decide, any RNAi experiment benefits from an easy method to identify and quantify actively... example, while gene knockouts have long been considered the “gold-standard” for LOF studies, the high...eukaryotic process where approximately 20-30 nucleotides of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) results in downregulation...the importance of using orthogonal methods to confidently conclude the function of a gene of interest. ...RNAi activation. A typical RNAi experiment can be divided into three fundamental steps: creation of the ...Consequently, I will focus on different approaches and considerations present at the first stage of an RNAi-based...

...with Peptide-Assisted Genome Editing (PAGE). They fused the Cas enzyme to cell-penetrating peptides and...gene delivery capsids previously identified in rodents have not been widely successful in primates. The authors...articles.  Here's what you'll find in this post: Peptide-assisted genome editing for primary cells Monomeric...delivery Recombinant anti-FLAG tag antibodies Peptide-assisted genome editing for primary cells By Susanna...and co-incubate it with an “assist peptide” that facilitates endosomal escape. Combining Cas9-PAGE with...with a 30-minute incubation, even with multiplexed guides. Figure 1: A) Cell-penetrating Cas9, fused...reporter (mChe), with co-incubation with assist peptide (AP). C) Workflow for Cas-RNP-PAGE editing of primary...

...putting these into slide format. You want people to focus on you and your ideas. Slides will be     distracting...also be a slide deck, markers, etc. Chalk or markers force people to be more succinct. Slide decks leads...is vague. Instead, consider "A mechanistic understanding of this system will provide the first defined ...avoid the temptation to provide too many details. Reverse engineer your talk. Identify the key points you ...original blog post below! --Ed.  Eight years ago, I decided to write a "how to" manual on applying for faculty...the trials and tribulations of the process, I’ve provided guidance and mentoring to several people that ...failure to clearly articulate one's talents and ideas. Some key points from my ebook, "Applying for a ...

...programs provide support for academic career development, it's often left to students to identify and build... design variables need consideration? Enrich your knowledge and skills outside of the lab Effective verbal...you build a network outside of the academic world Participating in activities outside of the lab expands...and government. This great resource allows the undecided to learn about a variety of science professions...on their skills and interests. Once scientists identify potential career pathways, education and mastering...mastering new skill sets must occur by doing work outside of the lab. Extracurricular activities don't have...tool and technique development. However, careers outside of the lab highlight “transferable” skills such...

...specificity is dictated by a DNA guide sequence rather than an RNA guide as with Cas9. Third, it can be ...with an ssDNA guide. Therefore, researchers must co-transfect cells with 5’-P-ssDNA guides and an NgAgo...Cas9/gRNA complexes or with guide RNA- and Cas9-expression plasmids. Cas9 guide RNA delivery does however...sharing the stage with much-lauded CRISPR-Cas9 is DNA-guided endonuclease NgAgo! We'll discuss how NgAgo is ...have their own pros and cons (2). The NgAgo DNA guide is inexpensive and can be 5’-phosphorylated in house...modified from a company. However, unlike an RNA guide, it cannot be produced from a plasmid in cells. ...Try NgAgo for Yourself On the other hand, the widespread success of CRISPR-Cas9 across multiple model ...

...Yiqun, et al. "CRISPR Cas9-guided chromatin immunoprecipitation identifies miR483 as an epigenetic modulator...system, consisting of dCas9 and targeting gRNA, to identify molecular interactions at this site (Fujita and...Subsequent mass spectroscopy studies allowed for the identification of proteins associated with the IRF-1 locus...different fields of study. In addition to the identification of DNA binding proteins, this method can characterize...sensitive and specific and allowed the Xu lab to identify protein and nucleic acid binding partners at numerous...various biological fields. In 2015, the Fujii Lab identified non-coding RNAs associated with telomeres by ... malignancies. Additionally, the Tapscott Lab identified regulators of DUX4, a transcriptional regulator...

...skills guide Resources on Addgene.org Learn more about Careers at Addgene Watch out career videos  ...training. Similarly, there are several factors to consider when selecting a postdoc mentor and lab. These...Depending on the position, you may also want some evidence of teaching experience. How do you get there... having sufficient data to write a manuscript. Consider questions like: What figures are missing? For ...explore your system more, you will have a better idea of how to leverage it to ask new and interesting... grad school, you searched for and eventually identified a postdoctoral mentor. A good mentor typically...typically writes the grants that fund your research, guides the research directions of the lab, gives you constructive...