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  1. Plasmids 101: Gateway Cloning

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    Blog Post
    .... Instead, you can choose a molecular cloning technique that will work well with a given set of resources... invention in the late 1990s, Gateway cloning technology has become very popular as a rapid and highly...and its advantages. An introduction to Gateway technology The Gateway cloning method, developed by Invitrogen...clone in their desired DNA sequences. Gateway technology relies on the two reactions described below: ... more information. How to clone using Gateway technology To better understand the process, we’ll walk ...References 1. Chee JY, Chin CF (2015) Gateway Cloning Technology: Advantages and Drawbacks. Clon Transgen 4:138...
  2. Plasmids 101: Control Plasmids

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    Blog Post
    ...types of replicate controls: technical and biological. In general, technical replicates can be thought of... more in depth information. Technical replicates An example of a technical control is the transfection...experiments employing gene targeting or genome editing technologies, such as RNAi or CRISPR, non-targeting controls...the independent variable. Replicate controls: technical and biological Reliable results are reproducible...
  3. March for Science

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    Blog Post
    ...social contract citizens enter into in order to protect their rights (2). Less formally, governments are...for a given policy. In exchange, the government protects (and often funds [3]) scientists as well as other...Aeronautics and Space Agency, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Institutes of Health...impact (15). Diversity and inclusion in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) (17). This... 27). In order to achieve the breakthroughs, technologies, and treatments promised by modern research,...Trump’s first budget Environmental Science and Technology: Crossing The Imaginary Line The New York Times...
  4. Deep Mutational Scanning with One Pot Saturation Mutagenesis

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    Blog Post
    ...affect a protein of interest’s function. This technique relies on the generation of a plasmid library ...pot saturation mutagenesis as a quick and easy technique that can be used to generate complex libraries...throughput.       Gibson Assembly: An easy-to-use technique that joins homologous DNA fragments in a single-tube...mutagenesis The one-pot saturation mutagenesis technique described in Wrenbeck et al is a PCR-based approach...primer pair to generate an individual mutant, this technique uses mutagenic primers that tile across a region...protein function on a massive scale." Trends in Biotechnology 29.9 (2011): 435-42. PubMed PMID: 21561674. ...
  5. CRISPR Methods for Bacteria: Genome Engineering, CRISPRa, CRISPRi, Base Editing, and More

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    Blog Post
    ...genome engineering is done with recombineering, a technique that utilizes phage recombination machinery to...spacer sequence, and these rare events are easily detectable using PCR. The system also functions in S. pneumoniae...MAGE (Multiplex Automated Genome Engineering) technology (Ronda et al., 2016). pMA7CR_2.0 expresses lambda...Scientists have begun to realize the potential CRISPR technology can have on the human microbiome. You can consider...produce sequence-specific antimicrobials. Nat Biotechnol 32:1146–1150 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3043...efficiently delivered RNA-guided nucleases. Nat Biotechnol 32:1141–1145 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3011...bacterial genomes using CRISPR-Cas systems. Nat Biotechnol 31:233–239 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2508...
  6. Viral Vectors 101: Systemic Capsids

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    Blog Post
    ...address these limitations, labs have developed techniques like CREATE (Deverman et al., 2016), M-CREATE... on reagents and protocols, visit https://clover.caltech.edu. Figure adapted from Challis et al. 2022....deposited by the Gradinaru lab. You can visit our Caltech Systemic Capsids page to learn more about that ...It shows lower expression in the liver and no detectable transduction in the CNS. In the ENS, it has a...need more options) we recommend you check out Caltech’s CLOVER Center’s extensive repository of published... Gradinaru V, Fox AS. (2023). Advances in AAV technology for delivering genetically encoded cargo to the...throughout the non-human primate brain. Nature Nanotechnology, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-023-01419...
  7. CRISPR 101: Epigenetics and Editing the Epigenome

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    Blog Post
    ...CRISPR and epigenetics As with many TALEN-based technologies, the advent of CRISPR has made targeting much...modification is certainly not the only CRISPR-based technology designed to alter gene expression. Fusing dCas9... genes from promoters and enhancers. Nature Biotechnology 33:510–517 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3199...regulatory elements in the human genome. Nature Biotechnology 35:561–568 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3853...programmable TALE-TET1 fusion proteins. Nature Biotechnology 31:1137–1142 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2726...modifications at endogenous enhancers. Nature Biotechnology 31:1133–1136 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2701...
  8. Scientific Reproducibility - Focusing on Solutions at the Minisymposium on Reproducibility

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    Blog Post
    ...apply someone else's new and incredibly useful technique simply by following the abbreviated methods section...They also have plans to expand to other protein technologies later. Organizations such as BenchSci and FPbase...fluorescent proteins so you can best apply these technologies to your own research needs. Other companies ...make it much easier to learn new experimental techniques. Electronic lab notebooks also play a role here...larger datasets and use computer based analysis techniques, an important component of reproducibility is...series of blog posts on the defunct genome editing technology NgAgo). In addition, there are organizations ...
  9. Developing Transferable Skills During Science Training

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    Blog Post
    ...excellent Technical knowledge and creativity Become a “thought leader,” develop a technical “niche,” develop... something (a journal, a science lunch club, a biotech club) Be the head of a group (like a grad student... develop a useful new assay, master a new technique and be able to talk and own these accomplishments....committee) Follow industry publications like FierceBiotech to “learn the business” Attend events with local...
  10. Why Do I Need an MTA Anyway?

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    Blog Post
    ...come up. An MTA can resolve those questions! MTAs protect you and your institution, and almost all universities... and adopted by the Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM). This MTA provides many benefits...rights – and the rights of your institution – are protected while we handle all the paperwork. Record ...Addgene is internationally recognized as being protective of both the providing institution and the receiving...receiving institution. Therefore, many technology transfer officers are familiar with the UBMTA and are...
  11. A History of Genome Engineering in Popular Culture

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    Blog Post
    ...engineering company, Genentech, was founded.  This commercialization of gene editing technology led to the development... Diego. The revolution in genetic engineering techniques is a speculation of yesteryear which has been...double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the genome. These technologies rely on the cellular DNA repair machinery, which...genetic engineering and open advertisement of the technology on various non-scientific platforms, CRISPR has...perspective of the current. Although genome editing technologies have brought a renaissance in the field of health...
  12. History of CRISPR Cas - A tale of survival and evolution

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    Blog Post
    ...use. In order for this technology to survive the diverse demands of the biotech field, let's look at how...survival tactics of prokaryotes to deliver the technological biological blockbuster known as the CRISPR (...various innovative biological and translative technologies. Addgene has empowered researchers to harness... idea or application that involves CRISPR/Cas technology? Let us know.  References Ishino Y, Hideo,...
  13. Plasmids 101: Modular Cloning Applications and Kits

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    Blog Post
    ...eukaryotes! The technology has been used to optimize protein secretion and expression in the biotech workhorse...once you are up to speed on the basics of the technology. In this blog, we will highlight some common ...applications and kits. Keep in mind that this technology is useful for a variety of purposes beyond what...Heterologous Proteins in Yeast Mitochondria.” BMC Biotechnology, vol. 17, no. 1, Springer Science and Business... Enables Rapid Assessment of Emerging CRISPR Technologies. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 27 Oct. 2023...
  14. With an Eye Towards the Future, We Look Back at the March for Science

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    Blog Post
    ...in government, evidence to inform policies, a protected place to work, funding for science, and numerous...cannot prosper in a world where our medicines, technologies, defense, and governing policies are developed...Nuclear Science and Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He also studies energy markets in ...water. Many marchers held signs demanding the protection of our Great Lakes and our planet. And as we ...the truth about our world. Jonathan Aguilar (@AggleDetector on Twitter) is a graduate student at Johns Hopkins...being taught to communicate in a very specific, technical manner, so much so that we often find it difficult...
  15. Fluorescent Proteins 101: Photoactivatable Fluorescent Proteins

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    Blog Post
    ...photoactivation - and have enabled sophisticated imaging techniques.     Irreversible photoactivation Irreversible...super resolution imaging, where the power of the technique relies heavily on the same fluorophore being imaged... and electron microscopy (CLEM) is an imaging technique that combines electron microscopy (EM) with fluorescence...fluorescence localization data. However, this technique requires harsh fixation conditions to preserve...fluorescent protein induced by blue light." Nature biotechnology 24.4 (2006): 461-465. PubMed PMID:16550175. ... dual color fluorescence nanoscopy." Nature biotechnology 26.9 (2008): 1035-1040. PubMed PMID:18724362...
  16. Cultivating Community Science at BosLab

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    Blog Post
    ...Biotechnology is no longer just for those working in academia or industry. At BosLab, we identify ourselves...towards enabling everyone to participate in the biotech revolution. Our lab exists in what appears to be...Because we’re conveniently located next to a major Biotech hub, building up our lab was easy. Most of our ...engineer yeast to glow, produce synthetic scents, detect compounds in the environment, and openly publish...Kaczmarczyk is a co-organizer at BosLab, a community biotech laboratory in Somerville MA. Follow her on twitter...
  17. Addgene-Seeding Labs plasmid grant round 3: microbial drug resistance and biofilms, antidiabetic plant components, visualizing brain injury - and a glowing robot fish

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    Blog Post
    ...Silva, Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología (UTEC), Peru Julio Ernesto Valdivia Silva is a master of interesting...identifying new drug targets. An early and accurate detection of PZA-resistance is necessary to improve tuberculosis...engineering: glowing bacteria and a fish robot to detect water pollution Dr. Julio Ernesto Valdivia Silva...synthetic biology resources and microfabrication technologies to generate a self renewable sensor, a bacterium...
  18. Fluorescent Protein Travel Awards - FLiPs and Fluorescent Protein Biosensors

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    Blog Post
    ...tools by making their own fluorescent protein technologies widely available to the research community. ... a key advantage over other inducible enzyme technologies. She hopes that other researchers will be able... HMOs. Current HPLC-MS and fluorophore-based technologies are too time consuming in the first case and... two biosensors that could quickly and reliably detect HMOs. Fatima’s first design is a whole cell biosensor...Fatima specifically proposes using this sensor to detect HMOs found on cellular surfaces. After incubating...
  19. CRISPR 101: Cytosine Transversion Editors

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    Blog Post
    ...experimented with adding different proteins to the CGBE architecture. They conducted a CRISPRi screen to identify...forms a chemical crosslink with DNA abasic sites, protecting them from cellular processes that would cause...target-library analysis, and machine learning. Nature Biotechnology, 39(11), 1414–1425. https://doi.org/10.1038/...optimization and ancestral reconstruction. Nature Biotechnology, 36(9), 843–846. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt...targeted DNA transversions in human cells. Nature Biotechnology, 39(1), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587...enable C-to-A and C-to-G base changes. Nature Biotechnology, 39(1), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587...
  20. Hot Plasmids - February 2022

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    Blog Post
    ... cellular targets Optimized genetic screening technique using Cas12a for multiplexed gene perturbation...s41467-019-10846-1.   Optimized genetic screening technique using Cas12a for multiplexed gene perturbation... To validate this optimized genetic screening technique, researchers identified a synthetic lethal interaction...future genetic screens.   DeWeirdt PC, et al. Nat Biotechnol. 2021. doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0600-6. The Penn...tags, are optimized for SDS-PAGE gels and can be detected on Western blots via engineered immunoglobulin...
  21. A Novice's Perspective on Neuroscience - SfN2017

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    Blog Post
    ...quite impressed by how neuroscientists are using techniques from across different disciplines to better understand...many opportunities to learn about and develop technologies that will have impacts on many different facets...ready to discuss their VR helmets, gait tracking technologies, and brain monitors. Walking around the poster... addition to the researcher using sequencing technologies to study microbiome interactions with Alzheimer's... or maybe your favorite FRET-based biosensing technique can be applied to an important neuronal signalling...
  22. Why and how to start studying chromatin (with Addgene's help)

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    Blog Post
    ...it’s true that adding histones and chromatin architecture to every diagram portraying some aspect of eukaryotic...when I recently attended the 2018 Chromosome Architecture and Chromosome Organization Keystone Symposium...posters I saw at the 2018 Keystone Chromosome Architecture and Chromosome Organization. These aren’t the...Crabtree GR Cell. 1998 Nov 25. 95(5):625-36. An architectural role for a nuclear noncoding RNA: NEAT1 RNA ...epigenome. If you have been considering some new techniques, the posts below may steer you in the right direction...
  23. Antibodies 101: Secondary Antibodies

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    Blog Post
    ...developing assays.  Protocol architecture The basic (very basic!) architecture of the indirect approach is...direct approach isn’t giving you enough signal to detect your protein of interest, it may be time to look...occasion, usually after other signal amplification techniques have been ruled out.  Ease of access Signal amplification...course, this is much easier said than done! Each technique, and sometimes each individual assay, will need...
  24. Celebrating 15 Years of Scientific Sharing

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    Blog Post
    ...and success. Customer and technical support Our customer and technical service brands continue to ... We score ~99.9% helpful and the customer and technical service teams put 100% effort into helping our...also lauded by another set of stakeholders - the tech transfer community. In a recent law review article...our image in the world. Addgene is now as much a tech company as it is a reagent company. I used to have...
  25. Enhancing CRISPR Targeting Specificity with eSpCas9, SpCas9-HF1, & HypaCas9

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    Blog Post
    ...K855A) and eSpCas9(1.1), followed by a technique for detecting genome-wide double strand breaks (BLESS...it’s obvious that CRISPR is a ground-breaking technology that’s already had a huge impact on research ...effects on various biological disciplines, the base technology itself is constantly improving. Cas9 variants... "High-fidelity CRISPR–Cas9 nucleases with no detectable genome-wide off-target effects." Nature (2016...
  26. Plasmids 101: Cre-lox

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    Blog Post
    ...recombination. What is Cre-lox? The Cre-lox system is a technology that can be used to induce site-specific recombination... lethality. To facilitate the use of Cre-lox technology, transgenic mice have been constructed that express...system is another site-directed recombination technology very conceptually similar to Cre-lox, with flippase...analogous to Cre and loxP, respectively. The FLP-FRT technology can be an effective alternative to Cre-lox, and...have any tips or tricks, or clever cre-dependent techniques?  Let us know in the comments! References 1....
  27. Mouse Modeling, Part 1: Genetically Engineered Mice

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    Blog Post
    ...cell stage using one of several techniques. The longest standing technique is the injection of a targeting...before working with mouse models, several common techniques used to create engineered mouse models at embryonic...the pros and cons of different genome editing techniques. Inbred and outbred strains Mouse strains used...Cre is expressed.  Several variations of this technology can be used to customize the effects of this ...
  28. Viral Vectors 101: Virus Safety

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    Blog Post
    ...viral handling safety   Containment and personal protection are key to lab safety and the same principles...department if they are not currently provided. Eye protection or face shields are required whenever there’s...splash or spray risk in BSL-1. In BSL-2 labs, eye protection is required any time you have to work with BSL... cabinet. Many researchers choose to wear eye protection when they are working in a biosafety cabinet,...organization. It’s always okay to add another level of protection! When centrifuging viruses (a necessary step...
  29. Pathways Over Time Plasmids Engage Students in Functional Genomics Research

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    Blog Post
    ...President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology [PCAST] (2012). Engage to Excel: Producing One...Additional College Graduates with Degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Washington, DC:...DC: US Government Office of Science and Technology. 3. Duina, A. A., Miller, M.E., & Keeney, J.B. Budding...BioBuilder Use Addgene Videos to Learn about Basic Lab Techniques High School Students Explore Careers at Addgene...Molecular Biology Reference Pages Learn Simple Lab Techniques in Our Protocol Videos ...
  30. Fluorescent Proteins 101: Introduction to FRET

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    Blog Post
    ...on to find out more about this amazing imaging technique and find further tips for using FRET in your experiments...proteins is not optimal, FRET may not occur or be detected even if the two proteins form a complex. To help...a potential source of error in suboptimal or undetectable FRET, well-characterized FRET reference standards...environment which alters the FRET efficiency. Detecting certain cellular changes with an intermolecular...the concentration or activity of small molecules, detect cellular processes and signaling cascades, quantify...
  31. Reaching out to China: Canton Nucleic Acids Forum (CNAF) 2015

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    Blog Post
    ...science and technology park, it enjoys preferential governmental policies for a high-tech development ...development zone so many science and technology companies and start-ups choose to locate there. I made time to go...because they contain “hard stop” mutations. New techniques used by the Lowe lab have allowed them to begin... and Sun Yat-sen University presented two new technical developments. Using the Tet-on system, his lab...
  32. Twenty Years of Addgene Sharing: CRISPR

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    Blog Post
    ...around the globe. Our first story focuses on a technology that has changed virtually all of biology…CRISPR...repository. Other researchers, eager to try this new technology, were quick to request CRISPR plasmids and, in...favorite observations from this data is that CRISPR technology is consistently showing rapid development and...requested through the years, even as more CRISPR technologies become widely used and available. If we look...all of this work helped scientists use CRISPR technology? We think so — and so do our requestors! CRISPR...
  33. Hot Plasmids: Winter 2025

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    Blog Post
    ...making them ideal for single-molecule fluorescence techniques. After generating a series of single- and double-tagged...be imaged using one- or two-photon microscopy to detect action potentials and subthreshold events, including...difficult with GEVIs. Not only was ASAP5 able to detect mEPSPs, it also enabled imaging of their propagation...protein and a NanoLuc® (Nluc) Luciferase-fused detector that specifically binds to active (GTP-bound) ...functional heterotrimers with endogenous Gβγ, enabling detection of activation triggered by endogenous GPCR. Example...
  34. Chromoproteins: Colorful Proteins For Molecular Biology Experiments

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    ...chromoproteins? One reason may be that chromoproteins protect corals from solar irradiation by reflecting visible...gives scientists the ability for instrument-free detection. Unlike fluorescence or luminescence, which require... fluorometers, or luminometers, chromoprotein detection can be done by the naked eye. This makes cloning...more time consuming and expensive methods. While techniques such as  blue-white screening require X-gal, ... (2000) Fluorescent pigments in corals are photoprotective. Nature 408:850–853 . https://doi.org/10.1038...
  35. Plasmids 101: Protein Expression

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    Blog Post
    ... use various techniques to control protein expression for experimental, biotechnological, and medical ...expression systems Plants provide a cheap and low-tech means of mass expression of recombinant proteins...desired protein. Despite being a rather nascent technology, plant cells have been used to express a wide...expression systems however, are expensive and very technically challenging to use. Alyssa D. Cecchetelli is...
  36. When is a Monomer not a Monomer? The Top Three Ways Your Favorite Fluorescent Protein Oligomerizes in Cells

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    Blog Post
    ... standard EGFP plasmid that used to be sold by Clontech and is in a freezer box in just about every lab...environmental changes that the biosensor is designed to detect resulting in false positives [2, 4]. Solutions ...molecular sizing columns and native gels fail to detect EGFP dimerization. Importantly, all of these assays...assays are performed in vitro. Assays to detect FP dimerization in in vivo cellular contexts, such as ... from nonbioluminescent Anthozoa species. Nat Biotechnol, 1999. 17(10): p. 969-73. PubMed PMID: 10504696...
  37. Plasmids 101: Multicistronic Vectors

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    Blog Post
    ...To achieve this, scientists use a multitude of techniques including co-transfection of two or more plasmids...started with them. Why Use multicistronic vectors? Detecting cells that are expressing your gene, especially...straightforward process. Rather than try to directly detect your gene of interest, scientists have instead ...not have to exclusively be used as a means of detection; they are useful almost anytime you want to express...upstream of an IRES fluorescent reporter for easy detection.5  Just released: Addgene's Plasmids 101 eBook...
  38. SciComm: Taking Science to Elementary and Middle Schools

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    Blog Post
    ... last 5 years to incorporate more science and technology into the school curriculum. Our Parent Teacher...parents who can answer some of the surprisingly technical questions elementary students can ask. It doesn...and the internet before it, genome engineering technology is moving along much faster than it can be officially...sugarcoat the potential dangers of people using the technology in an unethical manner, but I also tried not ... timely.” Genome engineering, and many other technologies and fields in biology, are moving so quickly...
  39. Antibodies 101: Producing Recombinant Antibodies

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    ...recombinant Erythropoietin. J Biotechnol. 2020 Feb 10;309:44-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.12.017. Epub 2019...conformational changes in the antigen or lower detection sensitivity of the assay. Where possible, it can...beads from very high cell density suspension. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2021 Sep;118(9):3499-3510. doi: 10.1002...Roberts CJ. Protein aggregation - Mechanisms, detection, and control. Int J Pharm. 2018 Oct 25;550(1-2...
  40. Don’t FRET: Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation Makes Visualizing Protein-Protein Interactions Easy

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    Blog Post
    ...between neighboring fluorophores, FRET can be used to detect the inter- and intramolecular interactions that... fluorescence complementation is a method for detecting protein-protein interactions that uses split fluorescent...FP results in a fluorescent signal that can be detected by fluorescence microscopy. Figure 1: How...Medical Center, where he used molecular biology techniques to study inflammation and neurodegeneration. ...BiFC): A 5-year update and future perspectives. Biotech 53. https://doi.org/10.2144/000113943 Additional...
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