...results that ultimately builds up to an overall conclusion(s). In some articles, the data are presented ...to build a case for a certain model or overall conclusion. In others, the experiments are geared towards...possibilities until the results focus in on a particular conclusion. Many papers aren’t always written this way and...the results to see if it leads you to the same conclusion. Personally, I like papers that can end with ...are appreciated) to visually sum up all of the conclusions. In any case, the reader should give a critical... the relation to how they are supporting the conclusions. Look at the figures and write down your own ...

...genes that regulate a wide variety of phenotypes, including but not limited to cell growth and drug resistance...activate Ras are found in one third of all cancers, including a high percentage (up to 95%) of pancreatic cancers...crowd-sourced map of the RAS signaling pathway and includes 180 unique transcripts. Each gene was chosen to...provided in both open (no stop codon) and closed (including a stop codon) formats. The collection is compatible...collection of over 30 promoters and 140 genes, including constructs with unique tissue-specific promoters... a new method for generating protein chains or clusters. Veggiani, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016...key host for the production of their products, including fermented beer and wine, fuels, pharmaceutical...

...genetics. In these conversations, pgEd strives to be inclusive of all voices, regardless of socioeconomic or .... We do this through a variety of activities, including creating educational materials and lesson plans...to hamper efforts to engage these communities, including those by researchers hoping to increase community...leadership and communication experience. These included taking extra coursework and attending seminars...of organizations in public engagement efforts, including giving public lectures, writing science articles...our experiences in a variety of other settings, including “conventional” academic venues such as scientific...

...experimental processes, results, and subsequent conclusions. Being vigilant about these errors is an important...easy to share. However, the cloning process — including the propagation of plasmids in bacteria — has ...and money on optimizing experiments, to false conclusions.  Figure 1. Potential points where DNA..., indicated by exclamation marks. Error points include places where DNA is being created, such as PCR ...believe may affect the function of the plasmid. This includes point mutations, frame shifts, missing elements...require additional attention during analysis. These include topics such as: locations in a plasmid that are...

...of CBEs and ABEs. This post includes a lot of acronyms, so we’ve included a glossary at the end if you...reaction performed by CBEs. However, most CBEs include an inhibitor of base excision repair (BER), the...Multiple labs tried to identify beneficial factors to include in even better cytosine transversion editors. New...proteins had additive effects when multiple were included in the CGBE. They also developed a machine learning...cellular processes that would cause DSBs, and its inclusion significantly reduced indels generated by CGBEs...complementary region of the non-target strand is excluded as ssDNA. DSB Double-Stranded Break A cut to...

..., and include information on tested antibodies against the target. Helpfully, this also includes clone...antibody for flow cytometry experiments. This will include a discussion of the Human Leucocyte Differentiation...approach Genetic knockout-based validation can conclusively prove the ability of an antibody to detect the...separation and reduce any background staining. This can include using: different blocking reagents; titration of...explanations for RNAi not reducing the antibody signal include: The antibody is not selective The knockdown is...molecules expressed on human blood leukocytes, including antibodies against these markers. The 371 CD markers...

...sites are the most inclusive markers of regulatory regions in the genome, including enhancers, promoters...anywhere in the genome. Aneesh's research interests include proteomics, machine learning, and visualization...maps to find all coffee shops near your house, excluding Starbucks. Taking a nerdy perspective, you might...project, find enhancers in embryonic stem cells, and conclude with a targeted CRISPR screen that can disrupt...screens for enhancers, check out the Appendix. Conclusion: Shedding light on dark matter Precise knowledge...

...chimeric 5'LTR that includes a CMV or RSV promoter as well as a portion of the 5'LTR. Including a chimeric 5'...plasmids created for a variety of applications including cDNA expression, shRNA-mediated knockdown, Tet...lentiviral packaging vector, a transfer vector including the gene of interest, and the plasmid coding for...is used; several common laboratory cell lines including 293 were immortalized with adenoviral protein ... stability; however, the protein is cytotoxic precluding the long-term expression of lentiviral vectors...

... activation (CRISPRa) tools for neuroscience, including transgenic mice, neuron-optimized viral vectors... large size of Cas9 activators, which largely precludes delivery by adeno-associated vectors (AAV). This... express Cre under neuron-specific promoters, including calmodulin-dependent kinase II alpha (aCaMKII;... in primary rat neurons over other promoters, including ubiquitous ones such as EF-1α and CAG. ... the differentiation of other CNS cell types, including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, provided...applications for which CRISPRa is well-suited, including studying mRNA dosing effects, cellular reprogramming...

...chemically distinct subcellular environments, including the organelles that compose the secretory pathway... significant post-translational modifications including glycosylation, disulfide bond formation, and proteolytic...real consequences of misfolded dark FP fusions including erroneous quantitation of fusion protein levels...imaging in a variety of cellular compartments including the secretory pathway (Figure 2), the inner membrane... Anatomy and Structural Biology. His interests include the quality control of secretory proteins in the... PMC2172584. 11. Jokitalo, Eija, et al. "Golgi clusters and vesicles mediate mitotic inheritance independently...

...experiment lacking the proper controls are invariably inconclusive and unreliable. Proper controls provide the ...human cells. From this result one could simply conclude that the shRNA didn’t work, as the expression ...control plasmids Part of planning your experiment includes determining what factors need to be controlled...microscopy images resulting from our experiment that includes the aforementioned internal control and is consistent...to note that optimal experimental conditions, including how much plasmid DNA to use for any individual...plasmid-based experiment, untreated cells should be included as these provide the baseline/standard against...

...to record keeping. Top priorities in most cases include IP protection, publications and funding. If any...which focused on the adoption of ELNs in labs and included hundreds of researchers. The full story is available...was a significant barrier to ELN adoption. This includes financial outlay, staff hours, troubleshooting...emails. Important collaborative functionalities include comments, notifications, sharing files, assigning... clients, you might need share data with them including reports and protocols. To facilitate this, some...meetings with the support teams behind them.  Conclusion Researchers spend 40% of their time on tedious...

...Project conducted a large scale sequencing and concluded that nearly all disease-linked human genes have...as limbs, the spinal cord, and internal organs including the heart, brain, and lungs (McCusker and Gardiner...constructed several vectors for use in the axolotl including plasmids for use in CRISPR and Tol2 transposase...Some of the most popular tools for studying frogs include egg transplants and microinjections. Injections...fluorescent fusions in a multitude of organisms including Xenopus. Overall, the ability for scientists to...function. Some key genetics research with Arabidopsis include understanding of allelic variation between different...

...traditional restriction enzyme cloning we once relied exclusively on. In this blog post, I will go over some advantages...N-terminus, but you don’t have the tag already included in the vector you want to use. If you inserted...primers to amplify the two fragments while also including regions of homology to the vector or neighboring...no need to screen a large amount of colonies. Excluding the time it takes to get primers, you can have...sequences between fragments. Some of these products include: GeneArt® Seamless Cloning and Assembly (Thermo...enables one-step targeted cloning of large gene clusters. Nat Commun. 2015; Sep 1;6:8101. PubMed PMID: ...

...that there are many companies and organizations (including Addgene), that need people who are data oriented...academic environment. Some great tips from this panel included:  Write Often Whether you take on opportunities...publishing process. The diversity panel - Equity and inclusion The final and possibly the most important panel...show that people from all backgrounds are truly included as members of their research communities and are... be asked going forward is: How do we measure inclusion and equity? This is a difficult question but not...example of how underrepresented individuals are discluded/not treated equitably even when hired; well-meaning...

...create knockout alleles in a variety of species, including the standard laboratory mouse. It’s also made ...bacteria. But CRISPRing typical mouse models, including creating Cre-dependent conditional alleles, has...gRNAs. A variety of other undesired outcomes, including one loxP site insertion and one NHEJ-repaired ...problem. Briefly, you design your donor template to include a T7 promoter upstream of the left homology arm...your ssDNA. Note that the T7 promoter will not be included in the final ssDNA template. Figure 2: ...single-stranded DNA production services or kits, including the IDT Megamer service tested by Quadros et al...

...systems and creating an all-synthetic vector that included only the elements needed for function. The lab...channelrhodopsins for use as optogenetics tools. These tools include a pair of channelrhodopsins, Chronos and Chrimson...CsChR, and CoChR have been deposited to Addgene, including lentiviral and AAV expression vectors for certain... for the Rinehart phosphoprotein system, which includes detailed protocols provided by the Rinehart lab...years of distributing his Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) plasmids...repressor plasmids from Scot Wolfe's lab. These include Tet-inducible CRISPR activators and repressor plasmids... contain a variety of N- and C-terminal tags (including His, S-tag, OneStrep, CBP, Trx, GST, Halo, MBP...

...plasmids are divided into two sets, each of which includes plasmids with different varieties of tags, both...quickly and easily. These tagged plasmids also include cleavage sites should one need to remove the tag...Bacillus subtilis and Pichia pastoris pCri also includes plasmids designed for protein expression in systems... coli. Plasmids designed for these systems may include a signal peptide (SP) that routes the protein through...can improve disulfide bond formation. pCri also includes a special feature for difficult-to-purify membrane...

...users were included in the dataset; 2) users not part of a scientific Twitter list were excluded from the...follow each other, or are friends, are included in this cluster analysis. The closer two dots are to each...(blue) and social (orange)  scientists largely cluster by discipline, suggesting that scientists tend ...

...dataset currently includes 1049 community-validated reagents from 20 contributors, including 61 fluorescent... That’s why scientists from around the world, including Andrea Radtke, PhD, and Ziv Yaniv, PhD, have created...entire dataset can be downloaded from Zenodo, including the reagent resources .csv file for easy filtering... And the dataset is rich. Experimental data includes reagent type, target species, target name, host...