...functions, T4 DNA polymerase can create overhangs of varying length (typically 10-12 bp) based on a specific...

...Scientific Project Leader Eric Perkins to discuss the various positions he has held in his career, his favorite...

...Depending on the centrifuge their speed ranges can vary, but are typically lower than some other centrifuge...

...Independent variables – factors which are not affected by other variables (cause). Dependent variables – factors...assumptions: Distribution – Normal Variables – Independent Variance – Approximately equal Data type - ...two (two-way ANOVA) independent variables on a single dependent variable. A two-way ANOVA could test the... the effect of two dependent variables on up to two independent variables. For example, a one-way MANOVA... assesses multiple independent variables on a single dependent variable. I know what you’re thinking –...and MANCOVA All variants of ANOVAs discussed so far assume that the independent variables are independent...have discrete effects on the dependent variable, and those variables are the only things that matter. However...

...A wide variety of protocols from Addgene that can be used for basic molecular biology, plasmid cloning...

...individual variants found in tumors are exceedingly rare. As a result, how most of these “variants of unknown...of the Cancer Program at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT. The notion of cancer precision medicine...cancer clinical sequencing report includes rare variants that haven’t been characterized? Some have developed...approach this challenge, using attributes of cancer variants such as evolutionary conservation, or predicted...hope researchers can use to characterize these variants in a high-throughput manner and therefore push...precision medicine a reality. Challenges for cancer variant characterization For many years, we’ve hoped that...laboratory-based functional experiments that classify which variants are likely gain-of-function, loss-of-function ...

... 30-60 secs (45 secs is usually ideal, but this varies depending on the competent cells you are using)...

...limitation: 1) the use of novel S. pyogenes Cas9 variants with varying PAM sequences, 2) the use of Cas9 homologs...four novel SpCas9 variants with altered PAM binding specificity: SpCas9 variant Mutations (relative...SpCas9) PAM sequence D1135E variant D1135E NGG VQR variant D1135V, R1335Q and T1337R NGAN...NGAN or NGNG EQR variant D1135E, R1335Q and T1337R NGAG VRER variant D1135V, G1218R, R1335E...the VQR and VRER variants is similar to wild-type SpCas9, indicating that the variants are likely just ...reported the development of near-PAMless Cas9 variants. These variants, named SpG and SpRY, can target NGN PAMs...R1335E and T1337R NGCG The D1135E variant is far more selective for the canonical S. pyogenes PAM...

...Campbell’s lab added two new mCherry variants to the repository. These variants can be used as tools to learn... Podcast Segment The impact of KLF4 N-terminal variants on iPSC generation Deriving iPSCs (induced pluripotent...polycistronic cassette. However, it was unknown whether variations in gene expression from these polycistronic cassettes...transposons, the Woltjen Lab compared different variants of the polycistronic cassettes and discovered ...which they traced to a 9 amino acid N-terminal variation in the Klf4 isoform (KLF4s or KLF4L). Polycistronic...discovered that monocistronic expression of either variation of Klf4 did not lead to the observed reprogramming...Dlx5/6) enhancer elements and combined it with a variety of reporters (i.e. eGFP) and effectors (i.e. DREADDs...

...' TTTV AsCpf1 RR variant 5' TYCV LbCpf1 RR variant 5' TYCV AsCpf1 RVR variant 5' TATV Campylobacter... of these different systems can vary (for example, xCas9 is a variant with increased PAM flexibiliy and... PAM sequence. Cas9 Species/Variants and PAM Sequences Species/Variant of Cas9 PAM Sequence ...NGG SpCas9 D1135E variant 3' NGG (reduced NAG binding) SpCas9 VRER variant 3' NGCG SpCas9...SpCas9 EQR variant 3' NGAG SpCas9 VQR variant  3' NGAN or NGNG  xCas9 3' NG, GAA, or GAT SpCas9... will be able to describe the functions of the various CRISPR/Cas9 components. Please note that while ...general overview of CRISPR components, new Cas9 variants are being discovered all the time and the requirements...

...controls are invariably inconclusive and unreliable. Proper controls provide the constant variables that enable...independent variable. Referring back to the experiment associated with Figure 1, the independent variable is the...every day. Although the designs and outcomes may vary, one thing should be present in every experiment-based...interpretation of the effect of the independent variable you are testing. Importantly, they demonstrate...your experiment. Read on to learn more about the various controls that can be used for plasmid-based experiments...is specifically associated with the independent variable you are testing and not some other unintended ...to minimize any effects of the non-independent variables.  To illustrate the importance of control plasmids...

...green (v857) variants differing in kinetics, affinity, and ∆F/F0. Introduce the two variants in three different...and other brain cells in vivo. Glutamate plays a variety of roles in synaptic communication and can trigger...for sfGFP to create SF-iGluSnFR. This improved variant has higher expression levels in bacteria and produces...models. Furthermore, they created three affinity variants – A184S (increased affinity for glutamate), S72A...Kaspar Podgorski’s lab have recently made iGluSnFR3 variants that are more sensitive and better localized for...predecessors. The detailed characterization of the new variants is available here. Upgrades to iGluSnFR3 To improve...Improved photophysical properties The improved variants of iGluSnFR3 have higher expression levels and...

...protocol may vary depending on your specific experiment, but a broad overview of the various ways in which...your experimental target, SpCas9 and its enhanced variants, eSpCas9 and HypaCas9, are great choices. Check...our SpCas9 containing plasmids, optimized for a variety of species.   Specificity concerns? If off-target...regions of the genome and consider using a Cas9 variant with higher specificity (eSpCas9 and HypaCas9) ...added bonus of low off-target effects. The SpG variant, discovered by the Kleinstiver group has a PAM ...Further, this group also characterized a second Cas9 variant, SpRY, which cuts at NRN PAMs with high efficiency...a small window, this system can be used with a variety of impaired Cas9 proteins (such as SpRY) with altered...

... stop flowing into the pipette tip. Liquids of various viscosity have different flow rates. The more viscous...

...of interest in a variety of model systems, thereby opening your research to a variety of experimental ...sequencing (pInitial) and protein production (a variety of pExpression vectors) plasmids. The type IIS .... Expression vectors within this kit contain a variety of promoters to facilitate gene expression in bacteria...oocytes. The expression vectors additionally contain various combinations of protein tags (His, Avi, and GFP...plasmids in this kit have been used to purify a variety of peptides including antibiotic efflux pumps and...created this kit. The plasmids within it contain a variety of different promoters followed by leader sequences... at the 3’ end of the leader sequence. Using a variety of GFP and RFP fusions as their test genes, the...

...’s lab in Novartis Oncology.  Bhang did her PhD work at Johns Hopkins and came to Novartis for her post-doc...research. When she came to Novartis, she was happily surprised that “Novartis was actually really research...This article is based on an interview with Novartis researcher, Carrie Bhang. The ClonTracer Library,...investigator in the In Vivo Pharmacology group at Novartis Oncology, is an exciting new tool that allows ... and says that she decided to do a post-doc at Novartis because she wanted first-hand experience in industry...co-workers started using the tool to look at a variety of questions surrounding cancer development, metastasis...investigator in the In Vivo Pharmacology group at Novartis Oncology, Bhang has been working on using the ...

...library of AAV9 variants (Chuapoco et al., 2023). They found the best-performing variant, CAP-Mac, was ...genome editing for primary cells Monomeric StayGold variants AAV.CAP-Mac for systemic gene transfer in primate... Breaking up is hard to do: Monomeric StayGold variants By Mike Lacy In 2022, Atsushi Miyawaki and colleagues...stability. Here’s a quick overview of these new variants:   Figure 2: Inner mitochondrial membranes...QC2-6 FIQ or mStayGold (Ando et al., 2023). This variant has similar photostability and brightness compared...Ivorra-Molla et al., 2023). They also named their variant mStayGold. It is worth mentioning that Kiryl Piatkevich...colleagues generated yet another monomeric StayGold variant (Piatkevich et al., 2023). Check out their preprint...

...immune system and a tool that can be used for a variety of research applications. Within the immune system...regions are completed with the Ig light chains. The variable region of the heavy and light chain determine ...Fab, heavy chain, light chain, constant region, variable region   The constant region of the heavy chain...antibody depends partially on its isotype. The variable region of an antibody does not recognize the entirety...antibodies are extracted. These antibodies recognize a variety of epitopes on the target protein, so they are ...antibodies against different protein epitopes and so variability between lots is a big concern. You can find more...clonal population of cells that produce a single variant of antibody. Monoclonal antibodies are less likely...

...method used, the DNA concentration and purity will vary. For more information on determining DNA concentration...

...Polymerase (5 units/μL) 36.8 μL Sterile dH 2 O (variable) Note: If you are doing multiple PCRs, save time...