We narrowed to 1,054 results for: STI

...majority of research institutes.  Pro tip! In most academic and nonprofit institutes, the Tech Transfer ...our process easier for others.  If you’ve still got questions about our MTA process, you can check out ...commonly used ones for transfers between academic institutions.  What is the UBMTA, you ask? Well, organizations...people think our MTAs are different than other institutes. But they’re not! The vast majority of our plasmids...’s important to note that it’s the depositing institute that decides the terms of distribution for their...of coordinating signatures from two different institutes. Our online portal automates a lot of the process...

...action and could potentially stimulate the development of useful diagnostic methods and improved therapies...for PZA-resistant Mycobacteria tuberculosis. Investigation of multispecies biofilm formed by Pseudomonas...compounds on these proteins will be tested. Investigating changes in neuronal activity after ischemic ...ischemic brain injury Dr. Gohar Tsakanova, Institute of Molecular Biology of the NationalAcademy of Sciences ...Armenia Gohar Tsakanova is a Senior Researcher who investigates the molecular and cellular etiopathomechanisms...non-linear microscopy methods will be used to stimulate and manipulate neural populations in order to ... Julio Ernesto Valdivia Silva is a master of interesting combinations: biomedicine and astrobiology. During...

...Hernández-Sánchez is a postdoctoral researcher at Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL) and one...the competitiveness of cutting-edge research, is still one of the most valuable features of modern science...researchers, such as postdocs and principal investigators. They also come from many different scientific...-and-error. A recommendation for the correct statistical test can save a retraction. Today, collaborations... favors from becoming starting points for long-lasting partnerships Join us! We are a community of researchers...about us and what we do in our Frequently Asked Questions. We also invite you to participate in the 1st ...16:00 CEST. This symposium aims to answer all questions you may have about Crowdfight and we will have...

...adjust our estimates based on the journal that published the articles.  That is, we re-estimate the citations...correlation. But even with that caveat, it is still suggestive that we see such a big difference in citations...than those without Addgene deposits? Even more interestingly, could we tell if depositing a plasmid with ... This is also true for other journals, so our estimates now take into account any differences in citations... That papers with plasmids deposited at Addgene still accrue on average 2 to 3 times as many citations...step. There are lots of other factors that could still be controlled for. As an example, plasmid-related...

...experiments.” - Alex Chavez, researcher at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and member...alleviate this frustration by producing, titering, testing, and providing lentiviral preps of select lentiviral.... For example, we’ve teamed up with the Broad Institute to provide lentiviruses for delivery of SpCas9...they require extensive background work from the requesting scientist for their proper use; after receiving...already expressing Cas9. As John Doench (Broad Institute and member of the Addgene Advisory Board) says...about using our viral services. Please send any questions or comments to [email protected]. Finally we’d ...and, in particular, the Church lab at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and the ...

...maintain fidelity with the stimulus. For example, if you want to stimulate at a fast frequency without...hardware types, construction, and testing used for delivering your light stimulus. This can make or break your...that induce conformational changes with light stimulation to either activate or inhibit a specific receptor...cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) (Zhang & Cui, 2015). When stimulated with light, the endogenous proteins activate ...slower kinetics can be used for lower frequency stimulation. GPCR signaling GPCR signaling is a complicated...be very different responses to long vs. short stimulation times or frequencies (Zhang & Cui, 2015). You...Bendifallah, I., Zhou, F., Zeitzschel, N., Ahlbeck, J., Augustin, S., Sauter, K., Papagiakoumou, E., Gottschalk...

... social media conversations, conferences, and questions our scientific support staff receives – in fact...and share in-depth answers to frequently asked questions. We also want to tell you about things you didn...articles answering all of our frequently asked questions!    Identify needed content Let’s take a look...successfully start using them at the bench, along with questions we thought they might have as they go. The guide...things and another for asking specific science questions. It’s not uncommon to see requests for fact checks...of our content already comes from you and the questions you ask Addgene and your research community! We...engaging and informative resources that answer questions our depositors and customers are asking. So how...

...someone asks a question about something they did not understand about your presentation, question whether other...beneficial to pose these why questions to yourself, but ultimately there is no substitute for feedback from others...research proposal is the perfect fit to their institutional focus and that you're better equipped than anyone...audience think or act.   To address that 'why' question effectively, you need to make your audience the...communication should prepare you to ask and answer these questions for a diverse set of audiences.  Every scientist...opportunities to practice communicating.  Some fantastic K12 education initiatives like BiteScis (https...

...blot *indicates a diagnostic-only step Issue Potential Cause Troubleshooting Suggestion Proteins are...done the technical design of your blot, but are still finding yourself having issues, you’re in the right...type of gradient can help answer your particular question before running one.  Good on gradients? Excellent...the end of the post) has a number of helpful suggestions.  Gels Gel issues usually come down to voltage...want to try optimizing your transfer buffer.  Adjusting the buffer For wet and semi-dry transfers, you...membrane while increasing the ability of proteins to stick to the membrane by stripping away the SDS. To speed...blocking conditions on the spec sheet. If you’re still seeing high background after following manufacturer...

...window) Last reviewed on: 18 Jun 2025 Do you have suggestions for other plasmids that should be added to this...

... “designer” channelrhodopsins with desired characteristics. The model was trained to predict if a channelrhodopsin...stronger photocurrents at low light intensity than existing channelrhodopsins CoChR and/or ChR2(H134R). Designer...however, have a higher conductance, so they can still depolarize neurons at lower MOIs. Figure ...located in the midbrain, fiber-optic cannulas were still stereotaxically implanted into the mice’s brains...reach the VTA. Mice were then allowed to “self-stimulate” their VTA dopaminergic neurons by triggering ...H134R) expressing mice did not have this self-stimulation response. This result showed that ChRger2 stronger... systemic delivery with PHP.eB compared to the existing ChR2(H134R).  In the second experiment, ChRger2...

...The Rare Genomics Institute BeHEARD (Helping Empower and Accelerate Research Discoveries) Challenge provides...our fourth year working with the Rare Genomics Institute by providing plasmid-based tools for rare disease...developmental delays or autism spectrum disorder. It is estimated that CTD is the second cause of male intellectual...psoriasis is a chronic autoinflammatory skin disease estimated to affect 0.27 to 4.6 per 10,000 people globally...-36 receptor inhibitors in development, there’s still a lot of mysteries surrounding IL-36 biology. “Little... the signalosome of different receptors upon stimulation. “To study cellular transduction events, we will...would allow us to address many of our research questions,” Hébert says. In the spirit of plasmid sharing...

...contributed by guest blogger, Eugenia Rojas. A question worthy of a PhD: How do you visualize protein ...or in any other cell type. However, we cannot distinguish new from old proteins within that pool. Therefore...were quite tedious and, even here, there is the question of whether or not the tags influence behavior.... international PhD students at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen in Germany...in situ. I was in luck when I attended a very interesting talk by Prof. Erin M Schuman, a former Caltech...Caltech researcher, now Director at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research in Frankfurt am Main, Germany...Germany. She presented a novel technology, back then still unpublished, that allowed the visualization of specific...

...DEPC.  Ensure that plasticware or glassware used is RNase free. RNase-free plasticware is readily available...doing something without a kit has advantages: less plastic waste, less expense, and less of being left with...product to get rid of RNases such as RNaseZAP. When harvesting tissues, cells, plants, fungi, or bacteria, keep...extraction methods evolved into a simple protocol still used today There are many alternative methods for...-phenol-chloroform. In this method, samples are still homogenized and lysed in a guanidinium thiocyanate...hours, and variations on this no-kit method are still widely used today (Chomcynski and Sacchi, 2006)....Making the simple protocol even more foolproof (still without a kit!) As mentioned above, working with...

...and optogenetics meet, allowing scientists to investigate the fundamental basis of both brain function ...combined optical and genetic methods to photo-stimulate mammalian neurons and alter synaptic events: a...rhodopsins and neurons have in common? Neuronal stimulations are triggered by the movement of ions across...viral-infected neurons are subsequently photo-stimulated through fiberoptic cannulas directly implanted.... In particular, they found that optogenetic stimulations of the DA neurons produce behavioral and electroencephalography...could activate appetitive rather than aversive stimuli. In a recent paper, de Jong and colleagues used...used rAAV FLEx-based vectors to answer this question, mapping and characterizing the activity of the DA ...

...Biotechnology from Worcester Polytechnic Institute where he investigated how plants achieve polarized cell growth... and Biotechnology from Worcester Polytechnic Institute. What is RNAi? The loss-of-function (LOF) experiment...any technique in the context of the biological question. For example, while gene knockouts have long been..., gene knockout strategies cannot be used to investigate essential genes. Historically, gene silencing...work has called this prevalent assumption into question. Specifically, CRISPR-generated mutants believed...present at the first stage of an RNAi-based investigation. Creation of the RNAi trigger requires a few...This process, known as “transitivity,” calls into question any claims about specificity of a given RNAi technique...

...Addgene Advisory Board member, and Institute Scientist at the Broad Institute, John Doench. CRISPR technology...nucleotide transitions but still requires a nearby PAM, although these are still early days for this technology...gRNAs to 5 – 65% of the protein coding region will still result in many dozens of gRNAs to choose from. With... While SpCas9, with a PAM preference of NGG, is still the most widely-used Cas enzyme, the development...basic landscape of mismatches that can nevertheless still lead to activity has been established, and can be... different sequences targeting the same gene, suggesting that off-target effects did not overwhelm true...the Genetic Perturbation Platform at the Broad Institute and has worked with many Addgenies to help improve...

...Drugs, DREADDs) and optogenetics as tools to investigate the roles of certain cell types in locomotion...themselves are not pathogenic, precautions should still be taken when using them. There are suspected cases...cause the least amount of immune response. Any investigator who is using an in vivo animal model should ... useful for a wide variety of experiments, care still needs to be taken when selecting which particular...do you choose the right serotype? Keep asking questions!  Table 1: AAV Serotypes and Tropism Experiment...transport, but they also have similar transport characteristics (velocities of movement, distance traveled,...excitatory connections (3). These facts beg the question: is axonal transport desirable or not desirable...

...considerations for behavioral testing As a general consideration for behavioral testing in a laboratory, a high...where and when certain genes are expressed to investigate their role in a specific behavior. This blog ...influence on the outcome and cause variability in the testing group. For example, if an experimenter picks up...Mice may need to be given some time to adapt to a testing apparatus. General stress levels of the test animal...cleaned thoroughly between animals as olfactory stimuli that were left behind from a preceding animal (...behavioral neuroscience using viral vectors Behavioral testing is often done in conjunction with a genetic manipulation...behavior test. This time window between injection and testing will vary depending on whether it is an overexpression...

...other things, science communication comprises broadcasting, science writing, and certain aspects of art...2) Public engagement - Participate in science festivals and outreach If you are comfortable talking in...in public, volunteer at science festivals. Or engage with non-scientists in an unusual setting: Discuss...audience’s applause with your performance. When your institute opens its doors to the public, for example at ...your own blog, you can probably write for your institute’s blog. The Wellcome Trust blog or the John Innes...provides on-site courses in public engagement for institutions and the Royal Society gives training in media...citizen science project. Answering the big science questions around climate change, biodiversity, or genomes...

...of attendees were scientists still working at the bench. It was a fantastic opportunity to talk to so many... posited that “we underestimate living things.” He further cautioned the distinction of “higher” and “...Director of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) of the NIH, started off with the first...unintended themes of the meeting was how much we still don’t know about RNA. One talk that really brought... gave a great introduction to the repeated and distinct aspects of the CRISPR regions of the prokaryotic... summed up this conference—nucleic acid science still has many surprises for the researchers in this field...

...pursue leadership opportunities at the local, institutional, regional, and national levels. These skills... But how does one gain such experience? Your institution may offer occasional workshops on leadership ...invaluable experience and even after 5 years, was still improving my skills. My involvement with the NPA...Harvard Medical School and then Boston University (institutions where I’ve worked as a postdoc). I soon realized...that many of the issues faced by postdocs and institutions are not local but are national issues. I applied...resulted in actionable tasks and I made a point of sticking to deadlines and performing the work I agreed ...every year it organized a “Committee Leadership Institute” (CLI) where each Committee Chair and Vice Chairs...

... as “instillation” or “gavage,” as they do not require any punctures. Intratracheal instillation Intratracheal...Skill required: advanced Intranasal instillation Intranasal instillation is very similar to its intratracheal... is best for you — and the mice. While not an exhaustive list, these can include what’s being injected...compounds, as circulation is slower, and more institutional oversight is required. Restraint: mechanical...Intratracheal instillation is used to deliver substances directly to the lungs. It is an advanced technique...gavage Oral gavage delivers drugs that require ingestion, such as experimental therapies or pain relief...

...techniques such as molecular cloning or molecular diagnostics.       Steps of PCR The beauty of PCR is...for this process as DNA polymerases require an existing strand of DNA to add nucleotides to.  Using these...The final PCR product is often visualized on a diagnostic agarose gel to confirm product presence, size...studying copy number variation, and molecular diagnostics.  Digital droplet PCR, ddPCR  Digital droplet...is determined and then analyzed using Poisson statistics to determine the concentration of the original... Cloning Site-directed mutagenesis Molecular Diagnostics qPCR Quantify starting template DNA concentration...number variations Quantify RNA levels Molecular Diagnostics NGS library prep QC ddPCR Determine ultrasensitive...

...There is no need for PCR or cloning, as digestion of the destination vector with SapI yields 2 sites- the...TEV-V5) with either blasticidin or puromycin selection. Researchers at the Allen Institute for Cell Science...sequences between the tag and homology arms). Digestion of the donor plasmids with SapI allows the tag... a tissue specific manner, as well as 3-site destination vectors for inserting a tag at multiple target...lines they’ve been used to create in the Allen Institute’s recent blog post. For more information on other...can be modified to assay additional protein characteristics. For example, Masato Kanemaki's lab has developed...

...developed to break through the resolution barrier while still utilizing fluorescence microscopy, is another option...et al. 2016). That being said, the anchoring, digestion, and expansion steps can impact the integrity ...how well the gel polymerizes, and the level of digestion. All of these factors in turn depend upon the ... between them to ensure the expanded images are still a good representation of reality. Third, expansion...signal can be caused by loss of protein during digestion, or masking of epitopes during sample anchoring...steps. But even under ideal polymerization and digestion conditions, loss of signal often occurs, due to...secondaries, can improve signal strength (Sherry and Stiles, 2022). Fourth, signal continuity can appear reduced...

...Bioinformatics/HTS a journal club. Sorting out the logistics Once you decide on the topic, there are a number...journal club should aim to have many of the same characteristics as a successful meeting: a clear purpose and...different person responsible for each figure. Others still are more casual with a single presenter summarizing...open forum where people feel welcome to ask any questions they have.  These variations are suited for different...mix of closed (multiple choice/binary) and open questions is helpful to ensure acquisition of the essential...thoughts you may not have even considered. These questions should be tailored to the group and format but...but should almost universally include the questions “Would you attend this journal club again?” and “How...

...analogous to traditional restriction enzyme cloning. Sticky-end mediated gene transfer would be particularly...off-target editing efficiency. Kim et al. and Kleinstiver et al. characterized genome-wide editing efficiency... to single mismatches, but variably so, with Kleinstiver et al. reporting that Cpf1 can tolerate mismatches...essential function in Cpf1-mediated editing, as Kleinstiver et al. saw no decrease in Cpf1 activity with ... are indicated below each graph. Figure from Kleinstiver et al., 2016. Cpf1’s strength may lie in ... off-target editing rates, determined using sophisticated genome-wide analysis. At many of its computationally...activity than that previously observed with SpCas9. Kleinstiver et al. suggest that AsCpf1’s off-target rate ...

...in a range of biological studies, including investigations into environmental pollutants and health, embryo...developmental biology that arose from zebrafish-based investigations. Genetic resources for zebrafish A common ...about the genome are powerful resources for investigating any biological process. High quality genome ...screens produced ~1,500 zebrafish mutants that are still used in labs across the globe (Nüsslein-Volhard ...initiation or splicing. (RNAi, in contrast, engages existing gene regulatory mechanisms to block activity and...are particularly well-suited for neuroscience investigations. For example, neuronal activity can be tracked... best model organism depends on the biological question, and zebrafish are not ideal for every application...

...specifically should you do? What follows are just a few suggestions based on what I have found to be especially beneficial...employer’s career pages to look for current job postings. You may then reference the connection you made...get online and take a look at the company or institution’s career page, where you’re likely to find current...or monster.com, where you’ll find a variety of listings. Post your CV and make it visible, which will ...conference or job fair, or it may be someone at your institution’s career center. Alternatively, it might even ...other graduate students and post-docs from your institution have gone, and try sending them a professional... professional development, not count on your institution, program, or adviser to do it for you. Expose...

... A, et al., ‘Point-of-care testing for COVID-19 using SHERLOCK diagnostics.’ medRxiv 2020 May 8. Pubmed...based on the architecture of the CRISPR protein in question: C2c1, C2c2 and C2c3 (short for Class 2, candidate...opens up the possibility of using Cas13a as a diagnostic tool, as discussed below. Subscribe to CRISPR... Cas13a   Figure 1: Using Cas13a as a diagnostic tool. A pool of DNA or RNA nucleotides containing...specifically targeted RNAs. Finally (and perhaps most interesting), Cas13a’s propensity to cleave any RNAs after...efficiency but no significant off-target effects, a distinct contrast to the hundreds of observed shRNA off-targets...Addgene. 2. East-Seletsky, Alexandra, et al. "Two distinct RNase activities of CRISPR-C2c2 enable guide-RNA...

...that uses this waste as plastic lumber for things like truck bumpers, plastic adirondack chairs, and synthetic...encourage companies to obtain these labels! Reusing plastic Historically, scientists washed and reused materials... popular theme in life sciences, some of these plastics are high grade and can be washed and reused. This...tips cost in half, not to mention the amount of plastic you’ve saved. Repurposing regulated medical waste...collect in those red biohazard bags, typically is destined for a landfill. However, Triumvirate Environmental...use this material to produce various grades of plastic lumber and distribute it to industrial and residential...

...our in-stock viral preps: ddPCR, purity testing, sterility testing, and viral genomic sequencing to confirm...serotypes.   Figure 1: The process of requesting and ordering a Packaged on Request viral vector...The ordering process is split into two steps, requesting and ordering. This split allows us to provide...standards for both our depositors and requestors.  Requesting Plasmids available for Packaged on Request consideration...that Addgene cannot perform functional or in vivo testing. We recommend you check the original paper of your...order.  Timeline Once your order is placed, we estimate it will take 6-8 weeks for the service to be fulfilled...

...actual response takes 3 days and still doesn’t even answer your question. Does this sound familiar? Well...houses answers to all of your most commonly asked questions. On the Help Center webpage, you can browse through...ranging from depositing your lab’s materials and requesting them from your colleagues, to intellectual property...displaying the word “Help” next to an encircled question mark (see image above). This useful widget allows...widget, you’ll navigate to articles answering your questions making it easier than ever to get the support ...you’re looking for, or you just have a general question or concern about the answers we provide, within...

...which job boards list positions interesting to you. Many job postings will result in hundreds of applicants... requested in the posting Do this online and/or via email exactly as the job posting instructs even if...the majority of job offers arise as a result of existing professional (and personal) relationships. However... first job after the academic bench. Utilizing existing relationships as part of the job application process...you a much better chance at an interview –but you still need to nail the job yourself.   See the links in...

...detection of COVID-19 using CRISPR diagnostics. https://www.broadinstitute.org/files/publications/special/COVID...has spread to almost every part of the world manifesting as a full-fledged pandemic. Containing the spread...and to do so, the WHO recommends one strategy: testing, tracking, and social distancing. With countries...the curve, it has become evident that widespread testing is crucial in controlling this pandemic. Currently...general schematic of CRISPR/Cas based COVID-19 testing methods.   Rapid detection of 2019 novel coronavirus...illuminator. Approach: Highly similar to the SHERLOCK diagnostic test, this test varies in the sequence of steps...University. Shravanti Suresh is a PhD candidate who investigates cellular aspects of CRISPR/Cas immune systems...

...outcomes, suggesting that outcomes are already determined by at least day 13. However, distinct transcriptional... a single time point, making it difficult to investigate how early expression patterns influence reprogramming...cell type that can differentiate into hepatic or intestinal cell types. MEFs were reprogrammed into iEPs ...results suggest that iEP reprogramming is not stochastic, but rather there’s a particular cell state that...in a competitive transplant assay in the mouse intestine, demonstrating its utility in long-term tracking...The Morris Lab used CellTagging to uncover two distinct trajectories of MEFs undergoing iEP conversion...

...Every year, the Rare Genomics Institute sponsors a global competition for researchers working on rare... described more than 60 years ago, but there is still no treatment available. Aguilar is a basic cell ...He says that the award from the Rare Genomics Institute and Addgene will make a substantial difference... (top right) and his colleagues at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, PA will put their award to work...Joshua Wang (bottom right), also of the Wistar Institute, says that the lab got interested in XP out of...described in 1971,” McSweeney said. “But, it is still sometimes wrongly diagnosed as a seizure disorder...Resources Find out more about the Rare Genomics Institute and the BeHeard Award!    ...

... control, you will be able to confirm that the testing protocols elicited the expected response and have...the precision and accuracy and therefore the statistical power of an experiment. Technical replicates ...meaningful results.  Biological replicates are distinct samples that are treated identically, used to ...knockout.  If knockout samples are unavailable, try substituting with knockdown approaches using siRNA or shRNA... block positively charged groups with generally sticky proteins such as bovine serum albumin. Secondary...either by modifying the blocking conditions or by substituting for a more specific secondary antibody. The ... a mouse IgG2a isotype primary antibody but you still observe a signal from your anti-Mouse IgG2a secondary...

...for testing and optimizing your serotypes, titer, and promoter. Note that several steps in testing are...you know that, you’re ready to start selecting, testing, and optimizing three key variables of an AAV vector...transduce your cells. In fact, we usually recommend testing more than one.  Most AAV serotypes have broad tropism...harm, your experimental goals when designing and testing your AAV.  Figure 2: Comparison of AAV ...cells express your gene. Off-target expression can still occur (Fig. 3) - for example, some neurons can transiently...selected potential serotypes and promoters to begin testing, you’ll next need to decide how much virus to put...Konishi, H. (2014). A comparative analysis of constitutive promoters located in adeno-associated viral ...