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...to see if the type of science we do fits in with what they want to do. The experiments must fit with their...strive for a common big-picture goal. It is worth doing some some serious pre-work to find a lab that will...is this PI looking for in a new researcher?,” “How do I convince the PI to choose me?” We asked three leading...

...Although plasmids do not naturally exist in mammals, scientists can still reap the benefits of plasmid-based...transfection. Unlike bacterial transformation, scientsts do not "select" for cells that have taken up the plasmid...concentration for selection in mammalian cells. Before doing a transfection experiment, it is important to determine... and is not appropriate for mammalian selection – do not confuse this with G418 (aka Geneticin). Neomycin...

... are an expert networker (or if you just aren’t doing it at all yet) watch my webinar, “Not Networking...constructive suggestions and feedback. The best thing to do to make your mentor want to keep working with you...This was really helpful, perhaps you wouldn’t mind doing it again next month?” Some mentoring relationships...last for an hour or for a year. Some click and some do not. These are all normal outcomes. If you have a...

...Producing Your rAAV AAV Titers: Where Do They Come From and What Do They Mean? Overcoming the Challenges...viral production, particularly for labs that already do mammalian cell culture. HEK-293T cells are the most...application. With mammalian systems, it is standard to do only one passage (transfection). This differs from...and widely available. Unlike mammalian cells, they do not require serum or an incubator to grow. The virus...

...What do a viral vector production facility, food allergy testing lab, and the grad student down the hall...concentration of a target molecule in an unknown sample. To do this, you serially dilute a control sample of known...determine the concentration of the unknown sample.  How do I make the standards for a standard curve? You create...somewhere in the middle of the standard curve. If you do not know what concentration to expect, you may need... should be within 15% of the expected value. How do I plot and use a standard curve? To create a standard...

...’s not always easy to figure out what you want to do after graduate school, at least not while you’re ...your career goals, find people who are. I wanted to do fun science activities with the public, so I reached... interests! Especially as someone interested in doing science outreach, not only can I easily share science...graduate students because I wasn’t sure what I wanted to do. A few weeks into volunteering, I was talking to ...said, “Boy, I love science,” and I realized, I still do too! Beyond the outreach experience I gained from...

...while some might argue that the only way to do something is to do it huge, there are times when a more incremental...phenotypes, such as cell-non-autonomous effects, that do not lend themselves to screening in a pooled setting...

... Organizing your lab notebooks, protocols, and to do lists can be easier than you think! Here are three...spot the colors and text. Tip 2: Use electronic to-do lists to access your tasks on the go Never miss a...sync everything to your calendar. Ditch the paper To Do List and move to one that moves with you. Use software...

... thing you’ll want to do is store it away safely. The first thing you should do is record the manufacturer...accidentally leave your antibody out on the bench overnight. Do not panic! Typically, antibodies are okay if they...however, is pretty much every other assay you can do. Most non-HRP conjugates are fluorophores, which ...

...in orange. Created with BioRender.com.    How do secondary antibodies work?  Secondary antibodies ... such as the rabbit IgG class of antibodies. They do so by targeting the Fc region of an antibody, the...But in reality, multiple primary antibodies can and do attach to a single target protein, so this assumption...exception of flow cytometry, most immunoimaging assays do not allow for absolute quantitative analysis of a...

...types and deliver any cargo you fancy (size limits do apply, however.) Why use a virus? Viruses are essentially...viruses Adenoviruses infect non-dividing cells but they do not permanently integrate into the host genome (non-integrating...(non-integrating) as lenti and retro viruses do. They are generally used to achieve transient, high expression...adenovirus is their low immunogenicity, which means they do not stimulate a strong immune response when introduced...

... if you have your first cold of the season like I do, sniffle) ourselves back into our regular post-holiday...other people. (We don't need evidence for that one, do we?) OK, so, now that we’ve convinced you that laughter...

...Optogenetics Content last reviewed: 25 September 2025 Do you have suggestions for other plasmids that should...

... more information on FLEx switch and what you can do with it, read Addgene's blog on FLEx Vectors . Flp-IN... Resources Content last reviewed on 31 July 2025. Do you have suggestions for other plasmids that should...

...this heyday of molecular biology, many scientists do a lot of DNA work but never get to actually manipulate... - birds eat a caterpillar once, vomit, and never do it again. Cichlids (Scott Juntti) Cichlids are 2,...open so you can see them and even feed them RNA to do silencing in the wild. They also return to their ...they are trying to replace embryo injection (hard to do, expensive, not every lab has the capability) with...developed and shared for many different organisms. Do you have a favorite organism you study in the lab...

...with fluorophores whose excitation/emission spectra do not overlap. Multiplexed IF can also require some...the performance of other antibodies. But, once you do find the right protocol, multiplex IF can give you...use and the ultimate outcome of your assay. So how do you choose good ones? Choosing a secondary is often...available imaging instruments and the spectral properties do not overlap with any other fluorescent molecules ...antibody will likely perform as expected in both.  How do you find validated antibodies? Many companies that...

...ll be able to do it when needed. How many people from your lab would use the ELN i.e. do you need a system... that we don’t forget to write things down when doing scientific research? Electronic lab notebooks and...different lab members to avoid any issues later on. Do you need external teams or partners to access your...specific permissions set for every member of your team. Do you need to make sure your research can be patented...

...fill this gap by both highlighting that researchers do learn MANY transferable skills while working in the...teams in house to solve every problem (although we do that too), we will often look for partnerships where...the established partnership. If you’re willing to do similar things for your team or lab, you’re likely... forget about collaborations and projects you can do with others after work. Get sponsors for a training...job someday. Universities themselves can help you do this through practical tools like alumni networks...

...Graduate Student Career Outcomes University websites do not currently publish career outcomes for PhDs or...those required at the lab bench. At Addgene we try to do our part in boosting awareness of various career ...Write Often Whether you take on opportunities to do some blogging, write reviews, or write for a university...certainly true that not all PIs can take the time to do this, you should always reach out to your peers and...questions that needs to be asked going forward is: How do we measure inclusion and equity? This is a difficult...

... at Experiment Designs Consulting, Inc. “How much do you need [for your lab start up]?” A hiring chair...tools Outline the knowledge and skill sets needed to do your science. This will help you identify the talent...if you’re going to need a tech because you’ll be doing mouse experiments, start defining keywords you’ll... and resources that you’ve thoroughly identified. Do online searches, and seek advice from your current...resources. For example, if a dean/chair asks “how much do you need to start your lab”. You can respond by saying...