We narrowed to 79 results for: EXO

... vectors and exosome was given the name vexosomes (vector-exosomes), exosome AAVs, or exo-AAVs (Figure...efficacy of AAV vectors. How are exosome AAVs produced? Purifying exo-AAVs is actually a bit simpler than...behind these improvements. What have exosome AAVs achieved so far? Exo-AAVs have improved transduction profiles...as retina or glioblastoma). They also found that exo-AAVs were more resistant to neutralizing anti-AAV...The current purification protocols for isolating exo-AAVs rely on differential centrifugation steps to...to separate cell culture supernatant containing exo-AVVs from producer cells, and then to enrich the microvesicles...containing AAVs (Figure 2). Since the development of the exo-AAV isolation protocol by Maguire and colleagues,...

...introduced into the E. coli. Exo: Exo is a 5’→3’ dsDNA-dependent exonuclease.  Exo will degrade linear dsDNA...recombineering system has three components (Figure 1): 1) Exo, 2) Beta, and 3) Gam. All three are required for ...degraded. Beta: Beta protects the ssDNA created by Exo and promotes its annealing to a complementary ssDNA...system).  In some of these strains, expression of exo, beta and gam is tightly regulated by the endogenous...repressor to re-nature and again repress expression of exo, beta and gam.  A major advantage of using this method...

...will not join any fragments end-to-end without the exo/polymerase generation of annealed complementary regions...

...trials have used oligonucleotide exon skipping (OEN) to remove mutated exons from the dystrophin transcript...nucleases to remove exon 51 in DMD patient myoblasts. They observed a 13% removal rate of exon 51, which resulted... they used CRISPR with two gRNAs to delete exon 51 or exons 45-55 in patient myoblasts; when injected ... that exon skipping therapies would be applicable to 80% of DMD patients. Figure 1: Exon skipping...each chose to try exon skipping in DMD mice, which have a mutation in dystrophin exon 23. Long et al. used...mutations in human-relevant exons 45-55, rather than in the traditional exon 23-mutated mouse model. Potential... editing exonic regions comes with much more risk than the intronic editing used in the exon skipping ...

...cell line with the floxed exon. You can then conditionally remove this exon (and hence knock out the gene...walk through an experiment designed to knock out exon 2 of a given gene.   Figure 1: A knockout...shown in Figure 1, large sequences corresponding to exons 1 and 3 of the targeted gene have been cloned into...construct to your target cells. After recombination, exon 2 of the targeted gene will be removed from the ...to insert, or knock-in, any gene, tag, or mutated exon into the genome. For this purpose, the sequence ...with the Neomycin resistance (NeoR) gene between exon 1 and 3 of the targeted gene. Upon recombination...recombination, the GFP/NeoR cassette is inserted in place of exon 2. Thus, the targeted gene is disrupted (knocked...

...UDG) and Exonuclease III (ExoIII) (step 4). UDG recognizes uracils that are in DNA and ExoIII recognizes... strands of DNA. Treating the plasmid with ExoIII and ExoI then fully degrades the nicked strand. Synthesize... step 1. Then this strand is degraded with ExoIII and ExoI. Synthesize 2nd mutant strand: The second mutant...digest and the whole plasmid will be degraded by ExoIII. See the below figure for an example like this....

...that, let’s take a look at exosomes. Proficient in transportation, exosomes are tools of communication...after injecting breast cancer cells into mice, exosomes expressed specific integrins (cell-adhesion proteins...proteins) targeting different organs. This means that exosomes not only promote microenvironment’s malignancy...also incite different organs to become malignant. Exosomes also contain miRNA (micro RNA) and other molecules...epigenetic changes in targeted cells. In this case, exosomes may transport miRNA from drug-resistant cells ...PMID: 22439926. Hoshino, Ayuko, et al. "Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis." Nature...

...to manipulate RNA species through exon skipping. Previous CRISPR exon-skipping approaches used two guide...guide RNAs to remove a given exon from the genome, and showed success in models of muscular dystrophy. In...delivering dCasRx and a 3-spacer array targeting the MAPT exon 10 splice acceptor and two putative splice enhancers...to iPS-derived cortical neurons, dCasRx-mediated exon skipping improved the ratio of pathogenic to non-pathogenic...

...The key is T4 DNA polymerase, which has 3′→5′ exonuclease activity. T4’s polymerase activity can be thwarted...available to polymerize, allowing the slower exonuclease activity to proceed. By including only one type...researcher can decide exactly how far the T4 exonuclease proceeds: at the first occurrence of the chosen...overhangs must not contain the dNTP present in the exonuclease reaction or polymerization will occur at that...

...the control happening? Is the regulation of an exogenously introduced gene or over the native locus? Let...knocked in flanking a gene of interest (or a single exon) and everything in between those sites can be excised... systems work by tagging the endogenously or exogenously expressed protein with the relevant tag and then... These systems can be easily implemented for exogenously introduced proteins, as many of them just need...

...First, it uses a dedicated 5’ exonuclease instead of using the exonuclease feature of T4 DNA polymerase... which contains three different enzymes: an exonuclease, which chews back the 5’ ends of the fragment...over 200 nucleotides. This may be because the exonuclease could chew through an entire fragment shorter...

...recombination, increases plasmid stability recBCD Exonuclease V activity abolished Increased plasmid stability...thi1 Mutation in thiamine metabolism Requires exogenous thiamine for growth ara disruption of arabinose...β-isopropyl malate dehydrogenase inactivated Requires exogenous leucine source for growth proAB mutation in ...in proline biosynthesis pathway Requires exogenous proline source for growth rpsL Mutation in subunit...

...result, gene silencing can be easily induced by exogenous application of long or short dsRNA. However, it...unmatched—unlike CRISPR experiments that require exogenous protein, successful induction of RNAi only requires... can maintain partial function due to the use of exon skipping, alternative start codons, and/or the phenomenon...microRNAs found in the genome, whereas shRNAs are exogenously derived. Importantly, instead of the assortment...

...promoter-less reporter which needs to integrate within an exon of a gene to generate a transcriptional fusion. ...do not need to be integrated within an intron or exon of a gene, and thus they do not disrupt the gene...While this system does not require insertion into an exon, like promoter traps, it will still likely disrupt...

...mutate the transcription start site, splice sites, exons, and/or promoters to knock out lncRNA function (...result in the retention of introns or the removal of exons. Disrupting promoter or transcription start site...(B) Mutations of splice sites. (C) Removal of an exon or a large genomic fragment. (D) Knock-in: insertion...

...paralogs. The exon-deletion hybrid gRNA library deletes human alternative cassette exons and disrupts ...disrupts genes with alternative exons. Get the library from Addgene New from the viral service By Jason Nasse...

...popular for the modulation of endogenously and exogenously expressed proteins. Here we will review what ...certain conditions (typically the addition of an exogenous small molecule). Degron tags can range in size...tags can be used to manipulate endogenously and exogenously expressed proteins. Thirdly, degrons and their...

... fall into two categories: those that rely on exogenous enzymes and those that use endogenous homologous...recombination. Modifying bacterial genomes using exogenous enzymes: Lambda red and CRISPR Developed over ... these systems are powerful, but they rely on exogenous enzymes, require multiple transformation and plasmid...

...thermophilus to predatory phages to test if the exogenous DNA would be incorporated into the bacterial genome..., which guide a Cas nuclease to the specified exogenous genetic material next to the species-specific ...

...incorporation of a 3’-5’ exonuclease in the reaction mixture. The exonuclease removes mismatched 3’ overhangs...