...with local representatives, or even run for office yourself! Plus, at the federal or state level some ... data gathering, regulatory efforts, policy implementation, program management, communications, diplomacy...branch or in Congress, or can also happen at the state and local level. The big secret about science policy...your career through engagement with your local or state governments. Most communities have opportunities...available science policy fellowships in federal, state, and local governments, professional societies, ...

...for your protein has been mutated using CRISPR/Cas9. You check the mutation and it causes a large deletion...expression of your target or CRISPR/Cas9 to create mutations that essentially eliminate expression of the target...Capture MS Strategies This approach uses immunoprecipitation to capture proteins from a sample using the...analysis. Example: You are planning an RNA-immunoprecipitation experiment and want to validate that your... protein of interest. So you perform an immunoprecipitation with your antibody and send the captured ...

...pair, and flips the transgene into the correct orientation for transcription. Upon recombination one of ...no longer able to flip back into the inverse orientation (See Plasmids 101: FLEx Vectors). While this ...'s say the lox2272, that are in the opposite orientation (direction of arrows) the inverted transgene ...transgene is reverted into the sense orientation and one of the unused (loxp) sites will be flanked by two lox...lox sites now in the same orientation. Next, the loxp site is excised since it is between two lox2272 sites... sites in the same orientation preventing the transgene from reverting. Figure created with BioRender....

...= transposon right-left orientation. T-LR= transposons left-right orientation. Image from Leo Vo.   ... its preferred target integration site: TNA(C/G)TTATAA(G/C)TNA. Tol2 can deliver 10-11 kB to mammalian...that detect loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations. In these screens, the transposons encode reporter..., and have potential to overcome some of the limitations of viruses. TEs have a large payload, up to 100...such as the ~11 kB cDNA for dystrophin, the gene mutated in muscular dystrophy, require truncation to fit...

...frequency can indicate behavioral state, for example, if someone is awake, agitated, or asleep. Though DA firing...inserted into the region of the brain where DA quantitation is desired (Figure 1). The probe perfuses liquid...probe then collects the perfusion liquid for quantitation. The advantage of this method is that it can...performed in a live awake animal by surgical implantation of the probe into a specific brain region. While...

...By mutating one of two Cas9 nuclease domains, researchers created the CRISPR nickase. Nickases create...SpCas9 nickases as examples for this post. The D10A mutation inactivates the RuvC domain, so this nickase cleaves... only the target strand. Conversely, the H840A mutation in the HNH domain creates a non-target strand-...accomplished with either a PAM-in or PAM-out orientation. Just as the names imply, PAM-out designs have...there are no available guides close to the desired mutation site. Quick tips for nickase design Ready to ...

...gene and check for any mutations. Once we identify the gene, we can easily annotate it by making a custom... “Detect Common Features” function to find and annotate promoters, selectable markers, tags, origins of...data in depth. You will see the same features annotated in our plasmid maps, including our most popular..., but you will also be able to create custom annotations and design additional experiments like restriction...

... to stably archived large-scale datasets by computational biologists. Figure 1: The BioGRID Open... in 629 cell lines, each manually curated and annotated from more than 45 publications, beginning with...and other details relevant to screen result interpretation. The analytical method for score assignment...   Screen results are reported as the original quantitative gene-level scores provided by authors rather...maintain consistency with published screen interpretations and allows users to query screen data without...

...containing the desired mutation but lacking both RUBY and the construct that rescues the mutation. I will be able...identified by a phenotype caused by the segregating mutation. Selecting these plants is a learned skill that...do this by expressing a gene that rescues the mutations, using RUBY as a selection marker. These plants...because they will no longer show the effects of the mutation. But ¼ of the offspring from these plants will...

...develop these fibers, the labs looked at previous implementation of optogenetic tools, calcium sensors, and ... be, as well as other features necessary for implantation in brain tissue. The gut, on the other hand...fibers could not be directly repurposed for gut implantation. The fibers they ended up generating were 10...digestion of food, while brain tissue is relatively static). To operate both types of implanted fibers simultaneously...neuron activity for at least several months after implantation of fibers, indicating the system was indeed ...

... and implantation of the optical fiber into the region of interest 3) Behavioral experimentation I’ll ...not to say that the technique doesn’t have its limitations or that other technologies need to be discarded...what are the methodological and experimental limitations and considerations? I recently spent two months...Intramural Research Program (NIH-NIDA IRP), with the stated goal of learning behavioral optogenetics in order...viral injection and commencement of behavioral experimentation.  Whether you attempt to stimulate the cell...

...library amplification and sequencing. Maintain representation of the library during transformation First,...sequencing Once the DNA has been extracted, the representation of the library should be confirmed using next-generation...counts. You can use these counts to confirm the representation of your library. When plotted as a histogram...uniformity (see Figure 3A). Addgene finds that this representation is most easily understood visually. As an example...careful amplification and maintenance of good representation. Addgene wishes you luck in your future library...

.... phaffii Growth properties Facultative anaerobe Facultative anaerobe Obligate aerobe Number...applications in food science and biotech due to its fermentation abilities and other useful traits. The “biotech...the preferred pathway for generating knock-in mutations, and NHEJ is an error-prone pathway frequently...frequently introducing frameshift knockout mutations. Thus, if genetic manipulation one way or the other (knock-in...

...endeavor, a map of possible TF-induced cellular states was generated (Joung et al., 2023). Fig....generated by the human fetal expression atlas. Computational analysis was used to infer differentiation trajectories...example, very few diseases manifest as a single mutation or expression dysregulation event. Diseases are...multiple layers of dysregulation from either genetic mutation and/or TF dysregulation. A targeted TF screening...differentiation), and 15/17 morphologically aligned. Documentation of the network that initiates biological reprogramming...

... that these mutations clustered in a particular region of the R-body. Further mutatgenesis of this region...understanding these complex processes can’t be overstated, we can also learn a lot from Nature’s simpler...dynamically rearranging into different polymerization states. Instead, R body monomers respond to pH changes...

...plates that don’t respond as expected, use of representative images, measuring the main outcomes in several...practices (QRPs) can quickly lead us to find statistically significant results that are not robust. Sampling...each hypothesis will be tested with a specific statistical test.  Preregistration makes clear the distinction...to present that work using hypothesis testing statistical tools that generate a p-value.  As an example... of Life Sciences at Rutgers University. His dissertation and research background is in citizen science...

...vivo and in vitro, as well as to insert targeted mutations through homologous recombination. To further increase...protoplasts, Xie et. al observed slightly higher mutation rates than they’d previously reported in protoplasts..., they found that 50% of plants had biallelic mutations at all five loci. This highly efficient multiplexing... space of a standard pol III-gRNA, which will facilitate CRISPR/Cas9 multiplexing in systems with limited...overlapping activity. Multiple gRNAs can also facilitate deletions of other regions, such as noncoding...

...DNA-protein interactions or to analyze chromatin states (CHIP-seq, FAIRE-seq, Cut & Run) and to detect ...interactions has lagged behind, likely due to limitations of current means to detect RNA-protein interactions...interacts with RNA. Methods like cross-linking immunoprecipitation (CLIP) identify RNA-protein interactions ...such as during drug action or cell signaling. Limitations of RaPID Like other BirA*-based proximity labeling...early-onset cataracts, is characterized by point mutations in the Iron Response Element (IRE) RNA motif of...

...trick is to precipitate the RNA using lithium chloride. LiCl solutions selectively precipitate RNA, but ...cesium-chloride gradients, water-saturated phenol, sodium acetate, and chloroform are added to the homogenate and...is extracted and RNA can then be isopropanol precipitated. This method reduced the time it took to isolate... results of a downstream application such as quantitative PCR to assess gene expression. There are several...

...load The Wikipedia definition of cognitive load states: “cognitive load refers to the used amount of working...re unaware that we are leaning on an unspoken expectation of our audience knowing foundational concepts...feedback in a variety of ways, like having them restate or summarize the concepts you’re covering. Don'...just really tired and needed a slower, simpler presentation than I had planned; other times students were...fired up and enthusiastic and needed a faster presentation with more information than normal. I had to ...