...dimers. (c) A double peak indicating 2 amplicons. Image credits (respectively): Zuzanna K. Filutowska; Selma...reproducibility’s sake!   Fig. 2: Setting up triplicates in multiple configurations can help you...used method is the Standard Curve method. See Table 2, (adapted from Wong, 2018) for a comparison of different...Statistically defined log-linear phase   Table 2: A comparison of different qPCR analysis methods. ... for RNA quantitation. Biotechniques. 2000 Aug;29(2):332-7. doi: 10.2144/00292rv02. PMID: 10948434.Taylor...single peak, indicating one amplicon and no primer dimers. (b) A shoulder peak indicating primer dimers...Method Standard Curve?  Amplification Efficacy Calculation Amplification Efficacy Assumptions ...

... flanking sequences to their input string (Figure 2). This string can then be used as input for the prediction...top 5) and test them in their labs. Figure 2: Guidelines to predict pegRNA efficiencies with pridict.it...Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-024-02268-2 Schep, R., Brinkman, E. K., Leemans, C., Vergara, ...genome editing technology that allows precise modifications of DNA (replacements, small insertions, and ...configurations can be used to introduce specific target modifications. Since this means we could design hundreds to...affects prime editing outcomes across many genomic locations. In our study, we used the TRIP (Thousands of ...to chromatin data from over a thousand genomic locations. This allowed us to train ePRIDICT (Figure 3),...

.... Let's look at an experimental example in Figure 2. Figure 2A shows the sample prior to compensation.... line with the other populations.   Figure 2: Compensation example based on experimental sample..., you will see the populations move, as in Figure 2, following compensation. Figure 3: Flow plot...diagonal population, this is a sign of spillover and indicates that it is necessary to apply a compensation value...

...digestion of the destination vector with SapI yields 2 sites- the first site accepts the sgRNA target sequence...marker, and connector to be released (Fig. 1, Step 2-3). Since donor plasmids of the same type will produce... a gRNA vector that targets the gene of interest, 2) a plasmid to specify the reading frame of the insertion...Toolkit for High-Throughput CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Modification in Caenorhabditis elegans.” Genetics. 202(4)...

...DNA breaks. Nature Communications, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12449-2 Pupo, A., Fernández...handled at BSL-1, while lentivirus requires a BSL-2 setup. This requires a less involved setup when working...infection rates in your experiment. Figure 2: Visual representation of common AAV serotypes used...This reduces the chance of integration at random locations that could cause deleterious effects. It is important...multi-plasmid system, where you have one AAV vector dedicated to expressing Cas9, while the other houses the...

...experiment using smFPs and standard neuronal tracers. 2. Visualization of neuronal sub-cellular structures...similar proteins. For example, N-cadherin (cadherin-2) is a postsynaptic cell adhesion protein that plays...PMID: 25915120. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4573404. 2. Shepherd, G.M. (2004). In "The synaptic organization...controlled by collections of neurons that are intricately wired into circuits through synaptic connections...photostable than GFP. In addition, antibody-based amplification of their signals is weak and increases background...more HA tags. 4. High-resolutions microscopy As indicated above, smFPs can be used with conventional microscopes...

...PMID: 27391134. 2. Li, Chaokun, et al. "FastCloning: a highly simplified, purification-free, sequence-...vector:insert ratio is used in the DpnI digestion and 2 µL of digest product are used in the transformation...Restriction Enzymes + - PCR Amplification + + Digestion + + Gel Purification + - Ligation + - Transformation...vector is located in the 3’ end of the multi-cloning site, and the reverse primer is located in the 5’...Molecular cloning is the isolation, insertion and amplification of a recombinant DNA without sequence alteration... multi-step process consisting of digestion, purification, ligation, and transformation. While restriction...sequences for base pair overhangs, insert and vector purification, and, most importantly, excessive time requirements...

...automated. Unlike gel electrophoresis, you only need 1-2 ul of sample and the run time is just a few minutes...see any signs of DNA in your final tube after purification. How do you know if you actually have DNA in...you choose could be based on your downstream application, time, and instrument availability. UV absorbance... at 230 nm. The A260/A280 ratio is used as an indicator of DNA purity. Ideally, this number should be ...like a PCR product). This method also gives an indicator of DNA or RNA contamination based on the presence...before larger fragments. Figure 1: The quantification of a RNA ladder using capillary electrophoresis... about quantifying DNA In choosing your DNA quantification method there’s many things to consider: cost...

... (1) the struggle between two opposing forces or (2) the result of competing desires or (3) the presence... an introduction, and a resolution.   Fig. 2: The structure of a story - not just for fiction! ...formal scientific communications, they are fantastic fodder for science communication. The trick is to ... is far from the only way to communication science. Science communicators also use the hero’s journey,...this small glimpse into the world of science communication and can use what you've learned to share your...Finding Conflict in Science  In all science communication, what you are doing is telling a (nonfiction...details often aren’t included in scientific communications, but they’re firmly part of the story to the...

... genetically encoded H2O2 probe is pQE-30-HyPer3 (2) which he will co-express together with a plasmid ...Pharmacology 2017 Jun 15;134:1-17. PubMed PMID: 27984002. 2. Bilan, Dmitry S. et al. “HyPer-3: A Genetically Encoded...scientists work on projects spanning from the identification of plant compounds and insecticidal proteins...bacteria. Learn more about the different CRISPR applications in plants.     Transgenic yeast as source of... yeast capable of desaturating fatty acids. Identification of Insecticidal Proteins Linh Bao Ton (M. Sc...Arturo Rivera Solís, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico Dr. Rodrigo Arturo Rivera Solís, Associate...wide range of research fields and geographical locations. We are excited to see how all of the Addgene-...

...Epub 2016 May 2. PubMed PMID: 27136078. Find plasmids from this publication at Addgene. 2. Swarts, Daan...template is supplied. Find Plasmids from the NgAgo Publication at Addgene Cas9 and NgAgo head to head NgAgo ...differences in cleavage efficiency. If this finding is replicated in larger studies, it will represent a key advantage...site specified by the gDNA. Depending on your application, this could be favorable or unfavorable. In a... PMCID: PMC4697943. Find plasmids from this publication at Addgene. 3. Swarts, Daan C., et al. “Argonaute...

... Plant Methods. BioMed Central, 2(1), p. 19. doi: 10.1186/1746-4811-2-19. PubMed PMID: 17087829. PubMed...PMID: 24032037. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3759027. 2 Harrison, S. J. et al. (2006) ‘A rapid and robust ...Agrobacterium tDNA insertion likely precipitated domestication of sweet potatoes (Kyndt et al., 2015)! It sounds...

...demonstrated through living images created by the team (Fig. 2). These images are based on the concept of bacteriographs...spatially precise the activation is.   Figure 2: A bacteriograph of Michelangelo's "The Creation of...in @nchembio Title: Bye bye L-arabinose drive. Dedicated to Edo, Armin and @KhammashLab. I hope you all...reached the level of expression needed for most applications.   Figure 1: With blue light, the VVD...

...recognize Fab fragments from the same species and 2) these fragments will be more likely to bind (and ...epitopes recognized by the secondary.   Figure 2: There are a few common solutions to avoid background... “species on species”) immunochemistry (IHC) applications an issue? The culprits are endogenous IgGs in...Partridge TA (1998). A New Blocking Method for Application of Murine Monoclonal Antibody to Mouse Tissue...

...Figure 2) (Ebersbach et al., 2005). However, more recent studies suggest that the late replication that ...to plasmid loss (Diaz et al., 2015).  Figure 2: The partitioning problem. For low copy plasmids... Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 62(2): 434–464. Pubmed PMID: 9618448 Diaz R, Rech J, Bouet...Origin of Replication? See our Plasmids 101: Origin of Replication blog).  The replication problem Plasmids...directly inhibit replication by binding to the origin of replication and blocking replication machinery (del... of microbial plasmids: classification and identification based on replication and transfer systems and...plasmid that contains the origin of replication and the replication control machinery (Need a refresher...

...2009). Replication and conjugative mobilization of broad host-range IncQ plasmids. Plasmid, 62(2), 57–70...host range plasmids. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 348(2), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6968.12241  ...negative hosts. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 106(2), 326–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22695  Schmidhauser...ori2, ori3) and replication initiation proteins (RepA, RepB) necessary for replication in various hosts...the ori and allow for replication. However, if plasmids have their own replication machinery such as Rep...different hosts that a plasmid can transfer to, replicate in, and persist in. Some plasmids have a narrow... while others have a broad host range and can replicate and stably maintain the genes they carry among...

...compared to the rest of the genome and (2) the sequence is located just upstream of a Protospacer Adjacent...pyogenes Cas9 variants with varying PAM sequences, 2) the use of Cas9 homologs derived from species other...Cpf1 Is a Single RNA-Guided Endonuclease of a Class 2 CRISPR-Cas System. Cell 163:759–771 . https://doi....editing is most efficient when target sites are located in close proximity to the region to be edited. ... that were able to cleave target DNA sequences located upstream of either NGA or NGC PAM sequences (Kleinstiver...variant may increase the specificity of genome modifications at DNA targets adjacent to NGG PAM sequences...VRER variants is similar to wild-type SpCas9, indicating that the variants are likely just as selective...

.... Figure 2: Annual distribution of items to countries with a distributor. Arrows indicate the year we...China, Korea, Japan, Brazil, India, and Mexico. Table 2: Addgene distributors Distributor Partnership...distribution after we partnered with them (Figure 2). In others, the distributor helped solve an issue...logistical barriers, allowing people to access a wide catalog of plasmids from all over the world. This idea,...into the accessible. Physical access Addgene is located in the USA, but our materials are available to ...accessibility to researchers around the globe. Addgene’s educational resources As Addgene built out our scientific...guides, protocols, and collections of 2023. Educational Resource Top Five by Views Guides CRISPR...

...A-B+ cells. If you look at the dot plot in Figure 2, you might assume that all cell populations are positive... the different populations. In the case of Figure 2, one population is B- and another two are B+. Our ...are in the lower right corner.      Figure 2: This flow plot has two populations that are B+ and...done using side scatter (SSC) and forward scatter (FSC), which measure light that “scatters” past the cell... the plot that divides it into four, using the location of the cell populations as a guide  (Figure 3....be used for this purpose.  Pro tip! The forward scatter is a proxy for diameter and volume of the cell,...the exclusion of doublets and debris. The side scatter roughly measures granularity, a proxy for nucleic...

...into the several steps outlined below and in Figure 2. For a deeper dive into the steps and techniques, ...mounting sample on slides, and confocal   Figure 2: High-level overview of an indirect immunofluorescence...recognize the species of your primary antibody and 2) is conjugated to a fluorophore that suits your experiment...knowing that where you see fluorescence indicates your target’s location. Some other terms you might see associated...immunofluorescence? Generally speaking, IF is an application in which antibodies that have been joined to ...bind to a single primary, resulting in signal amplification. Another reason is cost effectiveness. Generating...distribute antibodies validate them in a variety of applications, including IF (or IHC or ICC), and will share...