...of dsRNA, their recognition and consequences. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 23: 286-301 (2022). doi.org/10.1038...pesticides and insecticides, an advancement over previous chemical versions with toxicity to many organisms...

...natural single-domain antibodies. Annu Rev Biochem. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-063011-092449.            ...

...further split the viral genome by removing the viral Rev gene from the packaging plasmid and incorporating... lentiviral packaging systems were designed to prevent the formation of replication competent lentivirus...

...principles of real-time quantitative PCR. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2005 Mar;5(2):209-19. doi: 10.1586/14737159.5.2.209...

...evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems. 5. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015 Sep 28. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3569....elements. To solve this problem, the Zhang lab has previously used SaCas9 (1053 aa/3.2 kb) with AAV vectors...orthologs show lower off-target activity than that previously observed with SpCas9. Kleinstiver et al. suggest... site due its proximity to the cleavage site, preventing future edits. In contrast, since Cpf1 cleaves...mediate HDR in a “second chance” mechanism. To prevent new editing post-HDR, repair templates should remove...Been KW, Yoon SH, Kim JS. Genome-wide analysis reveals specificities of Cpf1 endonucleases in human cells...

...applications in imaging living cells and tissues”  Physiol. Rev. 90:1103. Wu et. al. (2011) “Modern fluorescent proteins...Dendra2, and the mEOS proteins. Some proteins are reversibly switchable (e.g. rsEGFP, Dreiklang). Fluorescent...Plasmids 101: Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Three Review Articles on the Different Types of FPs: Stepanenko...

...contribution of synonymous mutations to human disease. Nat Rev Genet 12:683–691. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg3051...across all endogenous genes in E. coli and S. cerevisiae (Tuller et. al., 2010). Figure 1: An overview...in Natural or synthetic? How Addgene;s dataset reveals trends in biological innovation Resources on Addgene.org...

...Therapeutic Purposes. Annu Rev Virol. 2014 Nov;1(1):427-51. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-031413-085355. ... disease and not another genetic disease more prevalent or life-threatening (cystic fibrosis, hemophilia...manufacturing of viral vectors to support trials for prevalent diseases - to name a few. CRISPR-based tools ...hopefully only the beginning of a gene therapy revolution and the development of personalized medicine.... Vol 526, p.351. PubMed PMID: 26469046. 6. The Forever Fix: Gene Therapy and the Boy Who Saved It by Ricki... Retina. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2018 May 14;6:53. Review. PubMed PMID: 29868583. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5960719...

...probes targeting integrated copies of the lentiviral Rev responsive element (RRE) gene and the cellular ribonuclease...titer (protocol modified from Lock et al., 2014.) Previous experience suggests that titers obtained using...

...evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems." Nat Rev Microbiol. (2015). PubMed PMID: 26411297. Resources...putative new class 2 nuclease, Cpf1 (CRISPR from Prevotella and Francisella), was annotated in several genomes...site due to its proximity to the cleavage site, preventing future edits. In contrast, since Cpf1 cleaves... has not yet been experimentally confirmed. To prevent new editing post-HDR, repair templates should remove...orthologs show lower off-target activity than that previously observed with SpCas9. Kleinstiver et al. suggest.... 3. Kim, Daesik, et al. Genome-wide analysis reveals specificities of Cpf1 endonucleases in human cells...

...development of pseudoviruses for enveloped viruses. Rev Med Virol 28:e1963 . https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.1963...For more details, check out this review article published in Reviews in Medical Virology (Li et a., 2018...ultracentrifugation which helps scientists achieve a high titer (reviewed in Joglekar and Sandoval, 2017). This high titer...can be used for specific purposes as described previously (Table 1, Gutierrez-Guerrero, et al, 2020). Because...travel retrogradely, and jump the synapse to the previous neuron (Wichersham et al., 2007). However, once...specific to suit your needs. Check out some of these review articles to find tables and information on different...

...genome. The packaging plasmid contains Gag, Pol, Rev, and Tat genes. Specifically for our knowledge here...integration, and how researchers have modified them to prevent this integration.  Lentiviruses evolved to integrate... continue. They rely on a viral protein called reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA genomes into...viral genome is then part of the cellular DNA… forever!  This can be an advantage for researchers looking...integrase-deficient lentiviral vectors, let’s briefly revisit the basic biology of lentiviral vectors (for a ...processed from the larger protein: PR (protease), RT (reverse transcriptase), and IN (integrase). These viral... viral life cycle initially proceeds as usual. Reverse transcription of the transgene occurs in the cytoplasm...

...–Cas in agriculture and plant biotechnology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 21:661–677 . https://doi.org/10.1038...cytosine base editor or adenine base editor) and reverse transcriptase-mediated prime editing technologies...precise edits tend to be more efficient than HDR (reviewed in Zhu et al., 2019). Both cytosine base editors...Lew TTS, Sweeney CJ, Koman VB, Wong MH, Bohmert-Tatarev K, Snell KD, Seo JS, Chua N-H, Strano MS (2019)...

...RNA Interference. Annu Rev Biophys 42:217–239 . https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-083012-130404 ...downstream of DNA, such as RNA interference, can reversibly exert their effect independent of gene copy number...techniques It is fair to say that CRISPR has revolutionized molecular biology and has enabled functional...same gene. However, recent work has called this prevalent assumption into question. Specifically, CRISPR-generated...DNA template for the RNAi trigger is the most prevalent method due to ease of use and capacity to generate...RNA Interference System in Physcomitrella patens Reveals a Dominant Role of Augmin in Phragmoplast Microtubule...

...Eukaryotic Genomes. Annu Rev Genet 41:331–368. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.40.110405.090448 Kumar...transcripts and then rely on a reverse transcriptase enzyme to reverse transcribe back into DNA before...another. This protein is either a transposase or a reverse transcriptase, depending on the mechanism of transposition...: gag and pol. The pol polyprotein encodes the reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes which are required... with a poly(A). ORF2 encodes endonuclease and reverse transcriptase activities.    Figure 1: ...themselves as RNA transcripts and then use their reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme to convert back into ...need to move around, either a transposase or a reverse transcriptase. Non-autonomous transposons, however...

...ligases: structural and functional insights." Annu. Rev. Biochem. 77 (2008): 313-338. PubMed PMID: 18518823...structure, reaction mechanism, and function." Chemical reviews 106.2 (2006): 687-699. PubMed PMID: 16464020.  ...

...Jarvik JW, Telmer CA. 1998. Epitope tagging. Annu Rev Genet 32: 601-618. PubMed PMID: 9928493. 4. Liang...low knock-in efficiency. Together, these factors prevent stem cell researchers from generating clonal knock-in...

... and mechanobiology: seeing is believing." Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 10 (2008): 1-38. PubMed PMID:18647110... 570/ 596 Reversible photoactivation In contrast to irreversible PA-FPs, reversible PA-FPs (also known... into 2 main categories - those with irreversible and reversible photoactivation - and have enabled sophisticated...sophisticated imaging techniques.     Irreversible photoactivation Irreversible PA-FPs can be switched on from...another group of reversible PA-FPs. These were engineered to be the first reversible, monomeric red fluorescent...their fluorescence can be switched on and off reversibly. This ability to modulate fluorescence allows...takes less than a second. The first successful irreversible PA-FP reported was PA-GFP. PA-GFP was derived...

...2009. PubMed PMID: 19633652 Court, et al. Annu Rev Genet. 2002. PubMed PMID: 12429697 Lajoie, et al...this screen the authors were able to identify 7 previously unsuspected genes with known roles in ER-associated... fitness-related genes than have been found in previous screens of this type. They were also able to functionally...backward compatible with all TAL effector scaffolds previously constructed for the Golden Gate TALEN and TAL..., SnoopTag/SnoopCatcher, that can be used to irreversibly link desired proteins together via a spontaneous...isopeptide bond. When used in combination with their previously described SpyTag/SpyCatcher pair, multiple protein... industry, depend on the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a key host for the production of their products...

...submit it to a journal that uses a peer review system. Peer review in traditional journals happens before...blind (meaning you don’t know who the reviewers are). If the reviewers and the editor decide that your manuscript...several rounds of revision before acceptance. F1000Research uses a novel form of peer review that occurs post-publication...referee reports. If the reviewers suggest that the manuscript requires revisions, the authors can publish...is a relatively new development, and it allows reviewers and other researchers to access the data and make...and reliability of science publications. Peer reviewing To make sure your manuscript is perceived as a...manuscript needs to be revised before it can be published, this can delay publication and manuscripts ...