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...BV510 and AmCyan have almost identical emission spectra but may be called BV510 on one cytometer and AmCyan...for one another. This overlap in spectra is often called "spillover." For example, if your flow cytometer...shift towards the X axis to become a perpendicular vertical line.     In general, most spillover between samples...research technician in Arlene Sharpe's lab at Harvard Medical School.   More resources on the Addgene blog Introduction...

...introducing the delivery method in 2014, Manuel Goncalves lab report that AdV-mediated transduction of gRNA...Gonçalves and his colleagues at Leiden University Medical Center are now available at Addgene along with ...and very efficient introduction of DNA into therapeutically relevant, non-transformed mammalian cells. ...and used AdV vectors to edit genes in several biological systems. It has been used for instance in inherited...Viral vectors for gene therapy: Current state and clinical perspectives. Biochemistry Moscow 81:700–708 ....

...the right fit for you without the financial and logistical stress that accompanies traveling for campus ...Visits After receiving applications, universities typically invite a select group of students to continue ...and each other. Before COVID-19, financial and logistical obstacles could make touring potential programs...in-person interviews for a variety of reasons (logistical, financial, etc…) now have options to fully engage...format of interview from a travel day to an online call in response to challenges on their end. Though the...

... more than 10 modules often rely on two-step hierarchical approaches using different Type IIS restriction...stability, and buffer compatibility have placed practical limits on single- or two-step assemblies. We have... While T4 DNA Ligase, the mainstay of most biotechnological cloning efforts for over 50 years, prefers... plate Fidelity of assembly (percent correct) Calculated colony totals Per 2 μl assembly reaction Per...outgrowth volumes described in Figure 3, with calculated yields from entire outgrowth built from 2 µl ...

...Preger et al., 2020. Preger et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry 2020. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA120.01289...research, which required protein compartments to co-localize multiple enzymes in a reaction pathway, the MPyV...expression selectively in Parvalbumin containing cortical interneurons. We now provide ready-to-use AAV ...vectors expressing GCaMP6f with this promoter. Image calcium transients in PV interneurons with AAV-S5E2-GCaMP6f...terminal providing better signal to noise for imaging calcium dynamics in fine structures. We have expanded our...

... molecular biology-grade agarose containing physiological concentrations of salts and glucose. If we circled...fluorescent protein), fluorescence microscopy can theoretically be used to select specific wells from the 48... terms of growth rates, morphology or other physiological properties. An advantage of this technique is...properties, either initially, or using secondary biological screens. For example, for cancer researchers,...Neurobiology and Anatomy at the University of Maryland Medical School in Baltimore. She is particularly interested...

...protein must be expressed (inducibly, ectopically, stably… it’s your call). The TIR1 F-box protein will associate...their fused protein under certain conditions (typically the addition of an exogenous small molecule). ...in size from several kDa up to ~35 kDa and are typically knocked-in via gene targeting or cloned in-frame...protein structures, interacting partners, and localization. Thankfully, this is a hot topic with many resources...

...in-house protocol. DNA yields for this procedure are typically in excess of 100 ng/ul, more than enough DNA to...be viewed more as a guideline, since they are typically based on the copy number of the empty plasmid ...improved plasmid DNA yield. Culture conditions play a critical role in plasmid DNA yield. Different plasmids ...are generally, but not perfectly, correlated. Typical growth times for high copy plasmids in standard...miniprepping at various time points. Measuring the optical density of the culture can indicate the number ...

... science teachers at our school put out the call to local parents who would feel comfortable speaking ...parents who can answer some of the surprisingly technical questions elementary students can ask. It doesn... dangers of people using the technology in an unethical manner, but I also tried not to be an alarmist...fields in biology, are moving so quickly that it’s basically impossible for textbooks to keep up. Even the ...

... of these techniques have in common? They all typically require secondary antibodies, frequently of the...are derived from an unusual type of IgG antibody called a heavy chain antibody (HCab), which are unique...different species, nanobodies are useful for colocalization labeling of up to 3 targets (Pleiner et al ...desired fluorophores. In figure 4B below, triple colocalization is possible even when staining cells with three...multi-color staining workflow yields similar localization patterns as cells stained for one target (compare...

...Ample distribution channels both digitally and physically. Easy to incorporate visuals if needed. Traditional...means of scicomm. Digital or print distribution.  Typically limited to a single page of information. Primarily...levels and interaction. Can bring in things to be physically interacted with. Public speaking is a common ...internet access. High probability of real-time technical difficulties Exhibits Medium to high Audience...exhibit). No remote access; limited occupancy. Typically needs to be staffed. Mixed Media Medium to...

... and ways to navigate it, we’ll search for the calcium biosensor, GCaMP, and click through to the plasmid...distribution. If your experiment involves delivering a calcium biosensor using AAV, you might decide you’d really...? The available filtering options now change dynamically based on the type of material and specific search..., followed by a convenient table of plasmids specifically designed for this purpose: Still stumped? Ask...results at all, let us know! Contact our scientific technical support at [email protected] and let us help.  ...

...especially in the sciences and by extension to scientifically oriented nonprofits. Like Deb, I worked for...available through not-for-profits, universities, local and national government offices, schools, healthcare... arts? Do you find satisfaction in helping your local food shelf raise money? Do you have experience with... as a grant writer and/or grant reviewer with a local nonprofit that aligns with your passion to get grant...Join the Grant Professionals Association (GPA)  local GPA Chapters, and the National Grants Management...

...administered systemically (retro-orbitally, RO; or intracerebroventricularly, ICV) or locally (stereotaxically...developed, funded, and shared has no doubt changed drastically over the past few decades. But no matter how ...and transgenic mouse lines for genetic access to cortical cell types. Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell...

... an exciting class of compact genome editors, typically only around 400 amino acids in size. To give a...target DNA, TnpBs also need a short sequence motif called a TAM (transposon-associated motif), which is positioned...familiar targeting mechanism. Small RNA elements called right-end RNA (reRNA) or omega RNA (ωRNA) guide... a single experiment (Karmakar et al., 2024). Practical Guide: Using pK-TnpB1 and pK-TnpB2 Vectors The...The process for cloning the 20-nt guide RNA is identical for both vectors. Here, we provide a step-by-step...

...allows for directional assembly of DNA sequences, called modules or parts. Assembly is dictated by four-...for fresh bacteria. Performing your Assemblies Calculate your volumes As you progress through the MoClo...increase your ligation efficiency, we recommend you calculate the right volume of each plasmid according to ...the equation in Figure 3.    Figure 3: Calculation for the plasmid volume for MoClo experiments....high-throughput, we recommend transforming into chemically competent cells in a 96-well PCR plate. Always...

...production of viral vectors typically involves shuttle vectors, also sometimes called transfer vectors. The ...antibiotic works. Another example is Zeocin, a DNA intercalator, which affects all kingdoms of life. Of course...host range plasmids shuttle vectors? While it’s technically accurate to say that shuttle vectors have a “... “broad host range,” these terms are typically used in different (though overlapping) ways. Broad host...

...product purity of 66%. Pro tip! Abasic sites are also called apurinic or apyrimidinic sites and abbreviated ...are the same protein!) (Chen et al., 2024). They called their initial editor AXBE, for A → X base editor...in a G → Y (Y = T or C) base editor, which they called glycosylase-based guanine base editor (gGBE) (Tong... Therapeutics team has deposited their editors, called gTBE and gCBE, with Addgene. gTBE can introduce...site A DNA site with the nucleobase removed. Also called an apurinic / apyrimidinic (AP) site. UNG / UDG...

...expression limiting regulatory elements or use a non-canonical code (Gustafsson et al., 2004), such as Hoogsten...recognize multiple synonymous codons) may actually be critical for determining the rate of translation. The ribosome...10.1101/gr.139758.112 Mauro VP, Chappell SA (2014) A critical analysis of codon optimization in human therapeutics... GluCl ion channel genes for mammalian cells dramatically improves expression levels. Journal of Neuroscience...synthetic? How Addgene;s dataset reveals trends in biological innovation Resources on Addgene.org Check out...

...molecules, forming a “handcuff” structure that physically blocks replication machinery when plasmid copy...It is also worth noting that plasmids can be symmetrically incompatible, meaning that both plasmids are... from the cell with the same probability, or asymmetrical, where one plasmid lost from the cell at a higher...deal with the more sinister plasmids of the microbiological world. (Want to know more about these plasmid...high copy incompatible plasmids that lead to asymmetrical plasmid loss of the usually large, low copy ...