...backbone alone; 2. Transformation containing ligation mixture with insert and backbone. Sample results indicative... used. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions.   2. Isolate Your Insert and Vector by Gel Purification...DNA concentration alone. One method is to conduct 2 ligations for each plasmid you are trying to create...colonies than the vector + insert plate (unsuccessful 2), or roughly equivalent numbers of colonies on each... or equivalent to backbone + insert, unsuccessful 2 and 3 above), you can try ligating the recipient plasmid...between samples. In addition to a DNA ladder standard, it is also a good idea to run an uncut sample of each...you to either stain your gel after you run your samples or add the stain as the gel is being made (post...

...Currently available from the Kim lab are 2 presynaptic and 2 postsynaptic targeting mGRASP plasmids. Additionally... cells were pulsed with 2µg/ml of Doxycycline for 2 hours, and imaged on the Keyence BZ-9000 fluorescence...work! Robinson et al., Dev Cell 2010 Feb 16;18(2):324-31. Cheeseman et al., J Cell Sci 2013 May 1...promotes the formation of an isopeptide bond between 2 peptide tags, SpyTag and KTag. The group demonstrated... of three sets of cloning vectors (Level 0, 1, or 2) which can be utilized in three successive assembly...1 modules can be similarly assembled into a Level 2 vector, thus forming a functional genetic circuit....circuit. Flexibility has been built into the Level 2 vectors to allow for additional iterations of Level 1 assembly...

...two genes over time, at a range of distances from 2-75 Mbp. Labeling multiple, intrachromosomal loci Building...successfully resolved loci with physical map distances of 2 and 75 Mbp, with the calculated fluorescent distances...established physical map. In comparing pairs of targets ~2 Mbp apart, they noticed that they could evaluate the...dCas9 supplied by a separate vector. Figure 2: CRISPRainbow generates 6 unique colors and a white... Find plasmids from this publication at Addgene. 2. Ma, Hanhui, et al. “Multicolor CRISPR labeling of...plasmids from this publication at Addgene. 4. Kiani, Samira, et al. “Cas9 gRNA engineering for genome editing...

...possible when each of the XFP genes is introduced at ~2 copies per cell per color, following a Poisson distribution...(prepared with Addgene #104110 - #104112) (Figure 2). We’ve also created constructs with containing chemical...AAV titer - The XFP genes have to be introduced at ~2 copies per cell per color to achieve the highest color...not powerful enough for large brain samples. For large brain samples, we recommend pretreatment with ScaleCUBIC1...time points, sacrifice the animals and fix the samples. When you use AAVs, it typically takes a few weeks...excessive amount of XFPs expressed. Then, clear the samples and visualize. For more details on this procedure..."Optical clearing and index matching of tissue samples for High-resolution fluorescence imaging using ...

...Request review: 1–2 days Prep and QC completed: 6–8 weeks Average shipping time: 1–2 days (USA); 3–4 days... our production process. This process will take 1–2 days, and we anticipate approving the vast majority...produce your Packaged on Request prep and run the same quality control assays we run with all of our in-stock... be 1x1013 and titers for AAV2 to be 7x1012, the same titers found in our in-stock preps. If a request...

..., AAV2/8 has a type 2 ITR and a type 8 serotype. Almost all vectors contain type 2 ITRs, which comes from...differentiated, non-dividing cells.   Figure 2: DNA rescue and transduction of a conventional single-stranded...quantitative PCR-based method for the titration of AAV-2 vector stocks."Molecular Therapy 6.2 (2002): 272. ...episomal and does not divide and replicate in the same way the host DNA does. Because of this, fast dividing...McCarty, D. M., Paul E. Monahan, and Richard J. Samulski. "Self-complementary recombinant adeno-associated...

...conditional knock-in cassette. As shown in Figure 2, the cassette should contain a reporter DNA sequence...a targeted neuronal population.    Figure 2 (modified from Schnutgen et al. Nat Biotech 2003):...cellular level in the mouse. 2003 PubMed PMID: 12665802. 2. Branda, CS and Dymecki, SM. Talking about a Revolution... SM. 2008. A FLEX switch targets Channelrhodopsin-2 to multiple cell types for imaging and long-range ...between the sites. If a DNA sequence is floxed in the same orientation, the SSR will excise the DNA fragment...reporter with one loxP site and one lox511 site in the same orientation, and placing the additional loxP and...

...digital PCR. Human Gene Therapy Methods, 25(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1089/hgtb.2013.131 Wang,...(see maps section for images).     Figure 2: AAV Pro cells were transduced with either pAAV-Ef1a-mCherry-IRES-Cre...Digital PCR Method. Human Gene Therapy Methods, 29(2), 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1089/hgtb.2017.198   ...of the viral capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3. Samples of viral preparations are subjected to polyacrylamide...proteins as a fraction of total protein present in the sample is also determined and used to determine purity...shown relative to the total protein present in the sample.   Sterility Viral vector preparations are ...rigorous barcode matching system that follows the sample from the DNA tube all the way to the cleared viral...

...those in Figures 2 and 3 don’t show these regions, even if they are present in the sample. Other techniques...Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes.   Figure 2:  Crystal structure of S. pyogenes Cas9 in the apo...NUC and REC lobes laying open like a book (Figure 2). The portion of the CTD that recognizes the PAM is...it doesn’t appear in the crystal structure (Figure 2) at all. When this crucial recognition region is disordered...itself at the bottom of the image. Stem loops 1 and 2 extend horizontally across both lobes. The guide RNA...is required for Cas9 nuclease function. Stem loops 2 and 3 are not strictly necessary for in vitro cleavage...open conformation, but highly flexible, as in Figure 2. The guide RNA is bound primarily by the REC lobe,...

...guide expression and dsDNA breaks. Figure 2: Non-targeting vs. safe-targeting guides. The genome-wide...target all protein-coding genes present in the genome; 2) non-targeting guides (red), which target no sequence...guides that had zero mismatch off-targets. Guides with 2-bp mismatch off-targets were only toxic if they had...tolerated than mismatches more distal to the PAM, and 2) guides with high GC content have greater off-target...PMID: 28474669. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC5424143. 2. Tsai, Shengdar Q., et al. "GUIDE-seq enables genome-wide...non-targeting guides, when both are analyzed using the same false-discovery rate cutoff.  Adding safe-targeting...genome-wide CRISPR screens are prone to some of the same flaws as RNAi screens, such as non-specific toxicity...

...still accrue on average 2 to 3 times as many citations as other papers in the same journals! So, is all ... 1 2010 3 Nature  3.3% 10.5%   3.2  9.6 2 2010 167  Nature 3.3%  10.5%  3.2  534.1 3...Microbiology  1.6% 1.2%  0.75   125.3 In figure 2, you can see the full impact from using these weighted...This post was contributed by guest bloggers Samantha Zyontz and Neil Thompson from the MIT Sloan School... Under such circumstances, we would observe this same correlation, but it wouldn’t be causal. To control...Addgene deposits as if they were published in the same journals as those that did make deposits to Addgene...along the way. Many thanks to our guest bloggers, Samantha Zyontz and Neil Thompson. Special thanks to Addgenies...

... PubMed PMID: 22428977. 2. Choi, V.W., Asokan, A., Haberman, R.A., & Samulski, R.J. (2007). Production...then packaged into AAV’s protein shell, or capsid; 2) the pHelper plasmid which expresses adenovirus genes...takes ~3 hours to complete: 1 hours hands-on time and 2 hours for the qPCR run and data analysis. Refer to...quantification of adeno-associated virus serotype 2-derived inverted terminal repeat sequences. Human ...particles that are present in an AAV prep. AAV samples are first DNaseI digested to remove any residual...technology or a TaqMan primer/probe set can be used and samples are quantified by comparing to an AAV standard ...AAV, remember to account for the dilution of the sample for the DNAseI digest. Use good sterile technique...

...Carballosa, et al, (2015) eNeuro, March/April 2015, 2(2) e0001-15.2015. Pubmed. Resources: http://openspim.org...light sheet, typically 2-6  microns, illuminates only one thin plane of the sample surrounding the focal...orthogonal-plane fluorescence optical sectioning (OPFOS) (2). Arne Voie, David Burns and Francis Spelman focused...beam into a thin sheet to illuminate a fluorescent sample and captured the reflected light using a different...laser and the reflected light travel through the same objective lens. Using this method, these authors...problem is to illuminate and acquire images of a sample from two opposing sides and merge the images, such...

...targeting a specific gene within the genome (see Fig. 2). Individual gRNAs are designed in silico using publicly...mouse, human, fly, E. coli, and T. gondii genes.  2) What genetic modification are you trying to make?...CRISPR libraries is a multi-step process (see Fig. 2). In most cases, CRISPR libraries are provided at ... is included on the gRNA-containing plasmid, or a 2-plasmid system in which Cas9 must be delivered separately...uncontrolled cell growth, such as cancer. Figure 2: The CRISPR library must be amplified (A) to be used...Enrichment or depletion of multiple gRNAs targeting the same gene can be strong evidence that a particular gene...

...procedure to be performed using a simple two-step, 2 hr protocol prior to transformation (Figure 1). As...Primer design Using specific primer design (Figure 2), IVA cloning can be used to perform any plasmid modification... for each type of modification is shown in Figure 2, and is discussed in more detail below. The main requirement...Biotechniques 10.1 (1991): 62-66. PubMed PMID: 2003926. 2. Bubeck, Peter, Monica Winkler, and Wilfried Bautsch...laboratory. All procedures are performed using the same three step protocol:  Fragment generation - Any...events, all linear fragments need to get into the same cell. For simple cloning requiring just one or two...vector and insert with separate primer pairs in the same PCR. Add homologous sequences to one of the primer...

...Analytical Chemistry 27(2):108-117 · February 2008. 11. Svensen, Nina and Jaffrey, Samie R. “Fluorescent RNA... to DFHBI in the presence of that metabolite (Fig.2). Spinach eventually evolved into Spinach2, a more...PMID: 25713381. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4364232. 2. Baker, Monya. “RNA imaging in situ”. Nature Methods...emerging environmental pollutants.” Front Chem. 2014; 2: 41. PubMed PMID: 25019067. PubMed Central PMCID: ...and subsequently leading to a positive signal. The same effect can be achieved for a fluorophore that relies...context of a paired fluorophore protein. Years later, Samie Jaffrey’s laboratory took advantage of their deep... Jaffrey lab asked:  Could an RNA aptamer do the same thing? Using the HBI derivative 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene...

...Nature Cell Biology, 26(2), 294–304. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-023-01342-2 Koblan, L. W., Arbab, M...order to bind DNA, Cas9 requires (1) a guide RNA, (2) a complementary DNA sequence, and (3) a protospacer-adjacent...region of separate strands called an R-loop (Figure 2). This allows the guide RNA to base pair with the ...accessible on the outside of the enzyme. Figure 2: CRISPR R-loop. Created with BioRender.com. Base...), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-0592-2 Additional Resources on the Addgene blog CRISPR 101... around the same time. (The papers were actually published in the same journal on the same day.) This ... But the same strategy in E. coli produced different results. GBEs seemed to follow the same initial mechanism...

... let the panelists introduce themselves. I do a 1-2 minute introduction. If you chose good panelists, ...take 5 minutes to introduce themselves and, voila, 1/2 of your time is gone with no interesting discussion...introductions. The moderator asks questions, calling on 1-2 panelist for each question in a way that elicits those...shift, they are checking out. If you can, plant 1-2 good questions with trusted audience members. A good...answers uninteresting, the panel members all say the same thing and one panel member dominates the discussion... for an intimate event, put the panelists on the same level as the audience. In my experience the best...

...alkaline lysis plasmid miniprep Starting material: 2 mL bacterial culture Product: plasmid DNA This kit-free...protocol: 1) it solubilizes both DNA and agarose, and 2) it helps DNA stick to the glass. After binding DNA... had a similar level of sensitivity. Figure 2: Steps to purify DNA using a cellulose dipstick. Image...Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 76 2, 615-9 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.76.2.615  Zhou...of the drawbacks of kits and typically follow the same principles: cells are lysed, RNAs and proteins are... centrifugation. At this point, the plasmid DNA sample can be treated with RNase to remove RNA contamination... buffers ran out. Homemade buffers performed the same as those provided with the kit. Although not tested...

...they wanted to see more negative data (Figure 2.) At the same time, when scientists who support open science...is not only housed, but encouraged.    Fig. 2: Results from a survey conducted by Addgene in 2021...detailed methods and image descriptions, a minimum n = 2, and well labeled high- and low-magnification images...gene therapy trials. Human Gene Therapy Methods, 26(2), 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1089/hgtb.2015.040 Initiative...well for a neighboring cell type, even within the same brain region or nucleus. Just optimizing AAV expression...vectors, many from people trying to answer the exact same question I was: What AAV vector is best for my specific...