...Interview with Stem Cell Researcher Darrell Kotton 2. Stem cell scientists care about patients As any grad... Yamanaka explained that it took 50 people nearly 2 years to create the first stem cell line that could...cells, and the difficulty of sharing banked iPSCs across international borders. While questions of ethics...

...misplacing your results or losing that lab notebook from 2 years ago. The free subscription to Lab Archives allots...notebooks you’re saving trees! The Earth thanks you. 2. Gibco Cell Culture by Gibco Whenever I start to learn...could help me with calculations. This is how I came across the Gibco Cell Culture app. Gibco organizes its...

...Marcotte EM, Voigt CA. Nature. 2005 Nov 24;438(7067):441-2. PubMed. Find the plasmids from this publication ...Levskaya A, Voigt CA. J Mol Biol. 2011 Jan 14;405(2):315-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.10.038. Epub 2010...this far-red/red light-responsive system is spread across three plasmids, with the response regulator encoded...

... environmental sustainability in mind (Table 2). Table 2: Sustainability features highlighted in plasmid...matching!   Figure 2: Plasmid isolation workflows are similar across kits. Lyse your bacteria to...debris”; and then clean-up the plasmid DNA (Figure 2). For most kits, the steps for lysing cells and removing...

... tropism and axonal transport of AAV serotypes 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9 in the mouse brain. PLoS One. 2013 ...PMID: 24086725. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3785459. 2. Krashes MJ, Koda S, Ye C, Rogan SC, Adams AC, Cusher...patterns of transduction and transgene expression across different cell types (Aschauer et al., 2013). Expression...

...animal is given additional booster immunizations every 2-3 weeks to increase the antibody titer. The titer ...level of antibodies is reached - typically within 2-4 months. After the animal has the desired level of...antibody, you’ll want to use the same positive control across experiments to be aware of signal strength. In ...

...11 and Cas13 are 1). non-specific RNA cleavage and 2). cell toxicity. Cas7-11 does not display collateral...Cpf1 is a single RNA-guided endonuclease of a class 2 CRISPR-Cas system. Cell, 163(3): 759-771 (2015). 10.1016...about a third of the size) and does not require a tracrRNA (it can self-process pre-crRNA into crRNA). The...

...studies have shown that the conditions Sotos-type 2 and Marshall Smith Syndrome are due to mutations in...accurate diagnosis of NFIX-related syndromes (Sotos-type 2 and Marshall-Smith) and could be expanded to NFIA-...proteins assemble into functional multi-subunit macromolecular complexes, but a serendipitous discovery led...

...form or as ready-to-use lentivirus. Figure 2: dCas9-Tet1 demethylates cytosines at promoters and...pX330a dCas9-LSD1 for targeted removal of H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me2 histone modifications. Like the TALE-LSD1...approach for targeted DNA demethylation. Cell Discovery 2: . https://doi.org/10.1038/celldisc.2016.9 Find plasmids... epigenome (the sum of epigenetic modifications across the genome) has been implicated in disease states...

...immediate early gene expression. Genes Dev. 1988 Jun;2(6):718-29. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.6.718. PMID: 2843425...Targeted Gene Expression in Drosophila.” Genetics 186(2) (2010): 735-55. PubMed PMID: 20697123. PubMed Central... in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.” FEMS Yeast Res. 12(2) (2012): 197-214. PubMed PMID: 22129153. Additional... gene expression and tracing of gene expression across development. One common binary system is the GAL4...

... reduce the background staining (Table 2).      Table 2: Secondary antibody selections for a four-antibody...commercially available secondary antibodies and found that across suppliers there was a detection bias of IgG2a>IgG2b...

...days before the deadline isn’t going to be much use. 2. Originality is essential for grant success The two... it’s important not to throw in the towel if 1 or 2 funding bodies say no. If possible, get feedback from...you be interested in it?) so make sure that comes across. Check out some in-depth grant writing tips at ...

...due to the presence of additional helper sequences (2-3). As alluded to above, termination and polyadenylation...and translation processes as well.   Figure 2: The conserved eukaryotic polyadenylation signal directs...The purpose and mechanism of polyadenylation vary across cell types, but polyadenylation generally serves...

...wheat germ, HeLa, and Leishmania (Gagoski, et al 2015[2]). The proteins encoded in this set range in size ...to generate Illumina sequencing libraries using a 2-step PCR-based protocol and are compatible with single-end...Hanno, et al. "Molecular basis for inhibition of AcrB multidrug efflux pump by novel and powerful pyranopyridine...can quantitatively determine allele frequencies across timepoints or populations. This kit consists of...

..., and the desired gene (transfer vector plasmid), 2) the HIV-1 genome containing all viral genes with ...protocols that have been described (protocol 1, protocol 2, protocol 3) to find the one that will give you the...PubMed PMID: 3785217. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC367857. 2. Naldini, Luigi, et al. "In vivo gene delivery and...quiescent or terminally differentiated cells such as macrophages and microglia. This property makes the lentivirus...

...affinity and specificity. Trends in Immunology, 29(2), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2007.11.004 ...phagocytosis (ADCP), Fcγ receptors on macrophages bind IgG antibodies. The macrophages then engulf and digest the...antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis for effective macrophage-based cancer immunotherapy.Sci. Adv.8,eabl9171...

...dissociation by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer 2, or BRET2. With binding of the drug, the alpha and...the potency and efficacy is typically non-uniform across the transducerome for a specific receptor-ligand...further used TRUPATH to analyze a panel of compounds across the transducerome on a single GPCR, showing the...available as a collection, facilitating screening across the transducerome, to gain a more complete understanding...

...Without binding to the guide RNA, Cas9 cannot cut. 2. Bind to target DNA in the presence of a guide RNA...hybrid of the tracrRNA and the crRNA. The “direct repeat region” combined with the tracrRNA forms the scaffold...which defines the genomic target for Cas9, and the tracrRNA which acts as a scaffold linking the crRNA to ...for processing pre-crRNA into mature crRNA and tracrRNA binding. The spacer regions, on the other hand..., the “direct repeat region” combined with the tracrRNA forms the scaffold portion of a gRNA and the “...and the direct repeat region. B) RNase III, the tracrRNA and Cas9, bind to these transcripts and C) cleave...cleave them leaving mature crRNAs bound to the Cas9/tracrRNA complex. D) The mature crRNA is used to guide ...

...Indicators GEVIs can be divided up structurally into 2 main groups: voltage sensitive domains and Rhodopsin...depending on your experimental system.   Figure 2: General overview of chemigenetic tools. A genetically... will likely want to monitor the voltage change across the membrane of cardiac cells. Similarly, neuronal...

...amilCP, tsPurple, and gfasPurple) (Figure 2). Figure 2: Chromoprotein expression from bacteria on...the Pink and Blue Pigments of Pocilloporid and Acroporid Corals. The Biological Bulletin 189:288–297 . ...