...naturally-occurring Acr (Anti-CRISPR) proteins can help control CRISPR activity. Acr proteins have evolved...More commonly, Acrs inhibit multiple species of Cas enzymes, such as AcrIIA2 and AcrIIA4, isolated from...There are rare cases where Acr can work with multiple types, such as AcrVA3.1, which inhibits both Cas12a...Similarly, some Acr proteins are specific to a particular species of CRISPR enzymes, such as AcrIIA7–10, which... protein AcrIIA4 with the photosensitive LOV2 domain . Several labs have also controlled Acr activity ... to protect against these foreign nucleic acids. Acr family members inhibit CRISPR by a variety of mechanisms...or inducing degradation of the Cas9 protein. Most Acr proteins are specific to a particular type of Cas...

...influx into the cell when stimulated. Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), the first widely adopted optogenetic tool,... (Phy) interaction 660 Cryptochromes Cryptochrome 2 and CIB1 Blue-light–mediated induction of protein ...interactions based on Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2 and CIB1 450 LARIAT Inhibits protein function by reversibly...customizable TALE DNA-binding domain with cryptochrome 2 protein and its interacting partner CIB1 to control...transcription effectors OPTOSTIM PHR domain2 of cryptochrome 2 (Cry2) from Arabidopsis thaliana is fused to truncated... with single-spike temporal resolution. PLoS One. 2(3):e299. PMID 17375185 Kim B, Lin MZ. 2013. Optobiology...comparative analysis of microbial opsins. Nat Methods. 9(2):159-72. PMID 22179551 Saunders A, Johnson CA, Sabatini...

...use of pAdEasy-2 (Addgene #16401) can increase the capacity of the rAdV vector. pAdEasy-2 does not contain... incorporate additional genomic deletions. Figure 2: First-generation rAdV vectors. Created with BioRender.com...and have to be handled at biosafety level two (BSL-2). They are highly immunogenic and can trigger a strong...era of personalized medicine . Genes & Diseases, 4 (2), 43–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2017.04.001...adenoviruses using the AdEasy system . Nature Protocols, 2 (5), 1236–1247. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2007.135...Adenoviral vector vaccine platforms in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic . NPJ Vaccines, 6 (1), 97. https://doi.org...Adenoviral backbone plasmid that lacks E1 and E3. pAdEasy-2 Adenoviral backbone plasmid that lacks E1, E3, and...

...intact. First-generation plasmids include (Figure 2): Transfer plasmid — contains transgene and wild-type...envelope removed Envelope plasmid — contains env Figure 2: First-generation lentiviral plasmids. Created with...plasmid 1 — contains gag and pol Packaging plasmid 2 — contains rev Envelope plasmid — contains env Third-generation...The inside out of lentiviral vectors. Viruses , 3 (2), 132–159. https://doi.org/10.3390/v3020132 PMID: ...Infectivity and Integration Targeting. PLoS ONE , 2 (12), e1340. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001340...features of lentiviral vectors. Human Gene Therapy , 24 (2), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.1089/hum.2012.229 PMID... contains many viral vector-specific terms and acronyms, so if you're new to viral vectors or simply need...

...muscarinic receptor and has not been used in vivo . Figure 2: DREADDs, their ligands, and signaling properties.... Reference Rq(R165L) Human M3 muscarinic Arrestin-2/-3 CNO* Increase Arrestin translocation Arrestin signalling...hM1Dq hM5Dq Human M3 muscarinic G αq CNO* Increase Ca 2+ Neuronal burst firing Armbruster et al., 2007 rM3D...channels, their effect, and outcome in neurons. Table 2. Descriptions of PSAMs and their activity in neurons...Forbes SL, Liggett SB (2001). Modification of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor to engineer a receptor-effector...inhibition Tung et al., 2015 iLMO: GeNL_SS- hGtACR1 GeNL_SS hGtACR1 CFz Cl - influx Neuronal inhibition Ikefuama...

...components, see the AAV Plasmid Elements table . Figure 2: Plasmids required for rAAV vector production. Created... pseudotyped with viral capsids from serotypes 1, 2, and 5 display differential efficiency and cell tropism...the central nervous system . Molecular Therapy, 10 (2), 302–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.05.024...the production of AAV vectors . Microorganisms, 12 (2), 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020384...retrograde access to projection neurons . Neuron, 92 (2), 372–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.021... contains many viral vector-specific terms and acronyms, so if you're new to viral vectors or simply need...wild-type serotype, and a very high infectivity across a broad range of cell types in vivo. AAV-DJ has...

...gamma-retroviral vectors, you need three plasmids (Figure 2): Transfer plasmid — contains transgene, sgRNA, or...for different cell types (known as tropism). Figure 2: Gamma-retroviral plasmids. Created with BioRender.com... contains many viral vector-specific terms and acronyms, so if you're new to viral vectors or simply need...envelope gene, as it has a wide range of infectivity across many cell types and enhances the stability of the...