...The white gene is most often used, but other selection markers include vermillion (another gene controlling...as species of gene. Find Gal4 and UAS plasmids at Addgene Choosing a vector to generate a transgenic fly...described the Gal4/UAS system used by geneticists to study gene function. In this final installment, I...you’d like to use to generate your new fly line: 1. Where would you like the gene to be incorporated into...spot flies with the appropriate transgene. One such marker is the white gene, which restores eye color to...engineer new transgenic flies to study your favorite gene (YFG).  Sometimes, you want to use the Gal4/UAS...fairly straightforward. Basically, you place your gene of interest in a plasmid and get the vector incorporated...

...constant genes μ and ẟ. These are the first two genes in the heavy-chain constant domain gene cluster....constant domain genes, placing the variable domain genes next to a different constant domain gene. This process...Heavy chain constant genes are clustered together downstream of the variable region gene in this order: μ,...constant domain gene. For example if a B cell switches to producing IgE antibodies, the gene segments for...nomenclature. Antibody heavy chain proteins as well as the genes that encode those proteins are designated by the...μ, δ, γ, ε, and α. An antibody variable gene is initially expressed with the IgM and IgD constant domains...domains because they are the first constant domain genes in the cluster. However, when B cells switch to ...

... Acoustic reporter genes (ARGs) Acoustic Reporter Genes (ARGs) are engineered gene clusters that encode...for expression in E. coli: acoustic gene 1 (arg1) and acoustic gene 2 (arg2). The key difference between...Resources on the Addgene Blog Learn more about in vivo imaging tools The luciferase reporter gene The green ...green fluorescent protein reporter gene Resources on Addgene.org Find plasmids for in vivo imaging with ... reporters has its drawbacks. Acoustic reporter genes (ARGs) overcome these limitations by using gas vesicle...and high spatial resolution. By piecing together genes from gas vesicle operons from two different bacteria...their ultrasound signal. Using acoustic reporter genes for in vivo imaging Following in vitro characterization...

...numerous applications, including transgenesis, gene-trap screens, and gene editing. How does the piggyBac...levels of your gene of interest, as needed. Controlling the expression levels of your gene may be particularly...Transposagen.   How does piggyBac™ enhance gene editing? Gene editing can now be accomplished in a more... How does the piggyBac™ gene editing system compare with other methods of gene editing? There are primarily...Decoding the Epigenetic Heterogeneity of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells with Seamless Gene Editing.,” Methods...remain, such as making gene edits completely seamless (i.e., so no other genetic alterations have occurred...cell lines and genetically-modified cell lines. Furthermore, the use of piggyBac™ for gene editing allows...

...any CRISPR-based gene editors, for correcting mutations or installing functional genes to study and potentially... number of genes with a single viral vector.   Fig. 1: Schematic of multiplex gene editing with...enable multiplex gene editing in a variety of cells and organisms. However, lengthy genetic payloads and ...demonstrating simultaneous editing of genes against multiple genetic diseases, such as muscular dystrophies...limited the scalability and efficiency of multiplex gene editing. Moreover, existing multiplex strategies...single array, has been a top choice for multiplex gene knockout or regulations, it lacks proper functions...derived tools are leading the edge of the precision gene editing. CRISPR-Cas9, the key component to enable...

...Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy, Vaccination and Cancer Gene Therapy. Curr Gene Ther, 13(6), 421–433...compartment, gene expression, and protein translation. Its genome consists of “early” (E) and “late” genes, and...with the E1 and E3 (Early 1 and Early 3) genes deleted. These genes’ functions are rescued by helper plasmids... be expressed, since the early genes are absent, and the late genes (and their structural proteins, which... does not require de novo viral gene expression: Implications for gene therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S...house a recombinant sequence (transgene) instead.    Although the late genes are usually present in the ...and E3 gene complementation. In target cells that are infected by the vector, only the transgene will be...

...hosts through horizontal (or “lateral”) gene transfer. Horizontal gene transfer can occur naturally through...carrying genes for bacterial toxins like colicin typically also carry the necessary resistance genes to help...Additional Resources on the Addgene Blog Plasmids 101: Antibiotic Resistance Genes Antibiotic Resistance: ...cell to another). Bacteria need special fertility genes to be capable of conjugation, and these are encoded...there is evidence that lightning can also promote gene transfer in soil bacteria! (Demanèche et al., 2001...organisms to thrive in competitive environments. The genes encoding these functions form the basis of many ... Resistance (R) plasmids: microbial defense Genes allowing bacteria to survive toxins are the clearest...

... several genes spanning 33 cancer types. The types of mutations they identified included gene amplifications... plasmids each carrying a single gene with a defined mutation or gene fusion. Plasmids carrying the corresponding...how a given gene is involved in a complex pathway. Some of the most heavily-studied genes in cancer research...help cancer researchers studying an assortment of genes. Using patient data to identify mutations of unknown...corresponding wild-type genes were constructed as well. They called this library the CTD2 FASMIC Plasmid...thoroughly investigate any of the dozens of wild-type genes and their associated mutants in other model systems... Yiu Huen, et al. "Functional annotation of rare gene aberration drivers of pancreatic cancer." Nature...

...spatiotemporal expression of a gene of interest. This type of control over gene expression is possible in ...diseases that are caused by a specific gene. For example, several genes mutated in human cancers have a homolog... They share about 70% of their genes with humans and 85% of human genes associated with a disease have... share many genes with humans, are easily maintained in the lab, and have short generation times that ...Thus any genetic modification, such as expression of fluorescent protein or disruption of a gene, can be...Refinement of tools for targeted gene expression in Drosophila." Genetics 186.2 (2010): 735-755. PubMed ... of Drosophila research. Morgan discovered that genes were found within chromosomes using the fruit fly...

...Positive-selection vectors using the F plasmid ccdB killer gene”. Gene. 1994 Oct 11;148(1):71-4. PubMed PMID: 7926841... experiments, and here we will focus on a unique gene that makes the popular GatewayTM method possible...accomplish this? Let’s start with a brief history of the gene and how molecular biologists have harnessed it to...cloning technology. CcdB: A potent toxin... The ccdB gene, located on the F sex factor plasmid of E. coli,...and ultimately causing cell death. ccdA, another gene found in the ccd operon, codes for the antitoxin...vectors, called pKIL18 and pKIL19, contained the ccdB gene in frame with an MCS. E. coli that were transformed...transformed with the empty vectors expressed the ccdB gene and were therefore unable to propagate because CcdA...