...correctness of the hypothesis. The results of experiments can help support or reject a hypothesis. Looking at...Addgene or its staff. In Washington, D.C. as well as sister locations on April 22, 2017, scientists and non-scientists...knowledge. The process begins with a testable hypothesis - an educated guess about how some part of the... Magazine: A grim budget day for U.S. science: analysis and reaction to Trump’s plan Science Magazine:...

...seven-repeat proteins: Sjuts, Hanno, et al. "Molecular basis for inhibition of AcrB multidrug efflux pump by ...system in correlation to the size of the product. Analysis of protein size and expression level can be conveniently...frequencies across timepoints or populations. This kit consists of a 48 plasmid adapter library, with each plasmid... daptomycin reveals an ordered progression to resistance." Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 57.11...effects during adaptive evolution of antibiotic resistance." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences...

...possible by tools that allow cells to become persistently fluorescent during development. Stochastic multicolor...fluorescent neuron is visible. Chemical tags are more resistant to tissue clearing methods and can be labeled ... "Multicolor fate mapping of Langerhans cell homeostasis." Journal of Experimental Medicine 210.9 (2013...genetic multicolor cell labeling for neural circuit analysis in Drosophila melanogaster." Nature methods 8.3... Snippert, Hugo J., et al. "Intestinal crypt homeostasis results from neutral competition between symmetrically...

...antibodies as major culprits in the reproducibility crisis of biomedical research (Baker, 2015; Bradbury &...approach. Antibody-independent methods may include analysis of transcriptomic or proteomic data from several...protein interactions could be a factor in your analysis. Example: You are planning an RNA-immunoprecipitation...and send the captured proteins off for mass spec analysis (above). When the results come back it shows that...here!  References Baker M (2015) Reproducibility crisis: Blame it on the antibodies. Nature 521:274–276...

... the cause of leaky expression. To test their hypothesis, they randomly scrambled one pair of lox sites...packaging even begins. This spontaneous recombination persists even in recombinase deficient E. coli and under...References Aschauer DF, Kreuz S, Rumpel S (2013) Analysis of Transduction Efficiency, Tropism and Axonal...Ersing I, Haery L, Harten DeMaio K, Sanders E, Tasissa M, Kostman M, Tillgren M, Makana Hanley L, Mueller... (2020) A Novel Next-Generation Sequencing and Analysis Platform to Assess the Identity of Recombinant...

...replace a gene of interest with an antibiotic resistance cassette.   Substrate DNA Design and Generation... selectable DNA fragments, such as antibiotic resistance genes, as well as non-selectable DNA fragments...red phage, λTetR, that carries the tetracycline resistance gene and the lambda red repressor cI857.  Once...confirmation of recombinant clones If a antibiotic resistance gene has been inserted, recombinants can first...first be selected via antibiotic resistance, but all clones should be further tested to confirm the presence...

...complementary to the dsRNA (Wilson and Doudna, 2013). RNAi consists of two non-exclusive gene silencing pathways: ...different Dicer-like enzymes are involved in the biogenesis of different small RNAs (Figure 1). These siRNAs...amiRNAs based upon miRNA precursors of rice and Arabidopsis species, respectively. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA...plants, such as in the model flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Li et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2018...plants outside of limited, single cell protoplast analysis. Instead, microscopic plants must be visually ...

...guest blogger, Kaustubh Kishor Jadhav, a Research Assistant at MGMs Institute of Biosciences and Technology.... The absence of a rigid cell wall makes them resistant to antibiotics and antibacterial drugs like penicillin...of antibiotics can allow mycoplasma to develop resistance to the antibiotics. Antibiotics must only be ...prolonged use of a particular antibiotic can induce resistance for other bacteria apart from mycoplasma. Always...Jadhav! Kaustubh Kishor Jadhav, MSc is a Research Assistant at the MGMs Institute of Biosciences and Technology...

...extra PGC-1a1 only in their skeletal muscle show resistance to stressful circumstances – including unpredictable...Activation of the PGC-1a1 Pathway Gene expression analysis of the animals’ skeletal muscles led to another...mck-PGC-1a1 mice, and those who exercise, show resistance to depression. For the researchers led by Dr...t what they’d expected. "Our initial research hypothesis was that trained muscle would produce a substance...

...FP-chimeric protein may be at any one of many stages of synthesis and degradation. For this reason it is virtually...PA-FPs by performing several rounds of random mutagenesis screening for enhanced RFP variants. PA-mCherry...negative” photoswitching. In 2008, scientists used mutagenesis screens to find a version of Dronpa that doesn't...is blocked during the Bax activation phase of apoptosis." J Cell Biol 164.4 (2004): 493-499. PubMed PMID...PMC1635685. 12.Paez-Segala, Maria G., et al. "Fixation-resistant photoactivatable fluorescent proteins for CLEM...

... sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, neighborhood analysis of surrounding genes, and experimental...sequence divergence that requires a multi-pronged analysis to sort effectively. The current classification...are merely linked by a similar function. After analysis, CRISPR classifications were placed into a fairly... of factors, including your goal, experience, hypothesis, and even the time and money available. The breadth...

... more functional benefits to the host such as resistance to antibiotics, degradative functions, and/or...advantageous for survival, such as an antibiotic resistance gene. In contrast, plasmids utilized in the ...recruiting replication machinery proteins Antibiotic Resistance Gene Allows for selection of plasmid-containing... obtained. Selectable Marker The antibiotic resistance gene allows for selection in bacteria. However...

...kinematics in physics, to developing a lab about mitosis and meiosis in biology. Lots of it is researching the... to students, like how to pour a gel [for] electrophoresis or doing a dissection video. I did that in ...themselves. “You open up the box and there’s a gel electrophoresis tray in there. Or the dissection specimens....

...Primer design. Plasmid mapping. DNA sequence analysis. We all have our favorite tools for tackling these...plasmid Editor): A free, donation-based plasmid analysis tool including editing, annotating, creating maps...pET21a-BirA.   DNA / protein database search and analysis tools Addgene's analyze sequence tool: Annotates...Assembly  OligoAnalyzer Tool from IDT: For hairpin analysis, Tm and primer dimer estimation, and other primer...

...multiple high-profile publications. My classmates consisted of graduate students, post-grads, and early career...topic by the moderators. The assignments, which consisted of reading that class’s section of a manuscript...Four ways to improve your next manuscript 1. Be consistent with your figures The figures of a manuscript...and they should also be easily understood and consistent in design and layout. 2. Be concise in your writing...

...earlier than most companies. Since the start of this crisis, we’ve been very responsive to the mood of the ...unknown amounts of time, we were facing a financial crisis. As a nonprofit organization, Addgene charges enough...figure out a way to maintain our services during the crisis and maintain our workforce for when we need to ...plasmids and other reagents every day, and this crisis has highlighted the importance of access to quality...

...learn about trends in synthetic biology and DNA synthesis. They published their results in a paper in Nature...biology, in particular, the ability to do DNA synthesis, is evolving so fast that it is a really nice ... in GC content between many organisms and DNA synthesis companies often work within a narrow range for...Philipp Pfingstag, and Neil C. Thompson. "Gene synthesis allows biologists to source genes from farther...

...The researchers identified MerMAIDS from their analysis of different publicly available metagenomic data... study demonstrates the power of combining the analysis of publicly available metagenomic datasets with...fused dCas9 to a truncated CIB1 protein from Arabidopsis (CIBN), which they call the LADL Anchor. Using... iterations is the addition of CRY2, another Arabidoposis protein that heterodimerizes with CIBN upon ...

...dosing, we advise that users keep titering method consistent across samples within a project. Targeting Your... on vector dose. The color diversity in Vector Assisted Spectral Tracing (VAST) experiments using PHP....best practices’ for model organisms.    Q11: How consistent is expression is when injecting CAP-B10 or CAP-B22...linked to epigenetic changes, such as multiple sclerosis?  A: Basic science and preclinical researchers...

... lost a specific gene survive (ex: antibiotic resistance marker). In a previous blog post, we covered ...plasmid backbone, as it often relies on antibiotic resistance. But what about identifying clones that contain...Lynne Postovit’s lab. It contains an ampicillin resistance marker in the backbone. A selection on agar containing...visualize this process, or visit our restriction analysis blog post. Colony PCR Colony PCR can detect...