...optogenetics. Enter neural fibers! The neural fiber tool  The neural fibers developed by the Anikeeva ...generate many meters of fibers!     Fig. 1 - Overview of the neural and gut fiber system (adapted from...disturbed, the brain fibers could not be directly repurposed for gut implantation. The fibers they ended up ...more flexible than the brain fibers and importantly distortion of the fibers didn’t affect their function...Bohórquez lab), who together developed multifunctional fibers, embedded, and validated simultaneously in the ...Anikeeva lab are microelectronic fibers made from thermoplastic polymers that can work with all the bells and...and whistles. The fibers are made from a process called thermal drawing, essentially where blocks of polymers...

... small piece of fiber optic cable implanted into the animal’s skull (right). The fiber optic cable is ... to produce your fiber optic implant. Companies such as Thor Labs and Precision Fiber Products that specialize...fabrication of the fiber optics needed for optogenetics. First, the length of the fiber optic for the implant...optical insulator called a ferrule (below). The fiber optic cable/ferrule is inserted into the target ...similar procedure as implanting a guide cannula). A fiber optic patch cable is then connected from laser to...due to their prominence, the preparation of the fiber optics is probably the least difficult portion of...specialize in fiber optics have become go-to providers of materials needed for optogenetics. There are...

...Cas9 genome editing system to correct the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductor receptor (CFTR) by homologous... intestinal stem cells of patients with cystic fibrosis (8).   The difference with CRISPR/Cas9 in comparison...stem cells isolated from two patients with cystic fibrosis. They were able to demonstrate functional correction...said Gerald Schwank, first author of the cystic fibrosis report. “This is a big advantage over induced ... they 'collect' a number of mutations.” Cystic fibrosis may not be the most likely candidate for gene ...Cas9 in Intestinal Stem Cell Organoids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients." Cell Stem Cell. 13, 653-658 (5 December...

...stages and contains multiple cell types: fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, neuroendocrine, adipose, immune, inflammatory...cells are Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts, or CAFs. CAFs are altered fibroblasts and promote the development...began focusing on the extracellular matrix and fibroblasts. With each cell mechanism discovered in microenvironments...Saidou, and Kounosuke Watabe. "Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumor microenvironment." Frontiers ...

... and secure a fiber optic cannula to the skull, leaving the brain intact. When the fiber optic light was...light for activation which requires implantation of fiber-optic cables into the brain. Figure 1: With...delivered by intravenous injection into mice. A fiber-optic cable allows blue light to reach the brain...brain. Since the VTA is located in the midbrain, fiber-optic cannulas were still stereotaxically implanted...of neurons deeper in the brain may still require fiber-optic cannula implantation, but altering ChRgers...

...can be easily isolated from donors. Apart from fibroblasts, human keratinocytes from hair pluck, peripheral...transdifferentiation in vitro where treatment of mouse fibroblasts with 5-azacytidine led to their conversion into...transdifferentiation. Multiple cell types such as fibroblasts, hepatocytes, and pancreatic exocrine cells have...Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell, 2007. 131(5): p. 861...pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell, 2006. 126(...Expression of a single transfected cDNA converts fibroblasts to myoblasts. Cell, 1987. 51(6): p. 987-1000....Vierbuchen, T., et al., Direct conversion of fibroblasts to functional neurons by defined factors. Nature...

...suitability in iPSC programming spanning from fibroblasts and keratinocytes to peripheral blood mononuclear...patients in contrast to the process of collecting fibroblasts, which require a more invasive skin biopsy procedure...larger number of willing participants. While fibroblasts obtained from aged patients are reprogrammed ...and the subsequent reprogramming success [1]. Fibroblasts need to be cultured and expanded in vitro for...signatures that are closer to hiPSCs than age-matched fibroblasts [3]. These advantages make PBMCs the ideal source...

...C-MYC. iPSCs were first generated from mouse fibroblasts in 2006 in Shinya Yamanaka’s lab, where the reprogramming...successful generation of human iPSCs from dermal fibroblasts via retroviral and lentiviral infections respectively...pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell, 2006. 126(...Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell, 2007. 131(5): p. 861...

...with an iPAK4 fiber labeled with HaloTag-iPAK4. Scale bar 10 µm. C) Images of iPAK4 fibers in cultured ...iPAK4 that assembles into a slow-growing protein fiber in the cytoplasm and can be fluorescently labeled... time points appear as fluorescent bands in the fiber, resembling a “ticker tape” recording. The authors...

...neural developmental delay. Mutations in NFIA and NFIB can also cause developmental delay in patients. ...have been studying the function of the mouse Nfia, Nfib and Nfix genes in brain development since 2000 and... Marshall-Smith) and could be expanded to NFIA-, NFIB- and NFIC-related human syndromes. As therapies ...

...want to spend months doing surgeries and making fiber optic cables only to hook up your lasers and not... 2) Fabrication and implantation of the optical fiber into the region of interest 3) Behavioral experimentation...express and passively diffuse down the length of the fiber before stimulation of the terminals can be attempted...

...PNAS paper that SpyLigase can be used to link affibodies or antibodies against common tumor markers to...SpyLigase peptide-peptide ligation polymerizes affibodies to enhance magnetic cancer cell capture. Fierer...

... the direct reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into induced endoderm progenitors (iEPs... were partially reprogrammed and re-expressed fibroblast genes. Most cells ended up taking the ‘dead-end...

...at least four times more efficient in primary fibroblasts. iTOP also works in multiple types of primary...and gut stem cells, dendritic cells, embryonic fibroblasts, glia cells and neurons, and cell death post-...

...stem cells isolated from two patients with cystic fibrosis (Schwank et al). They were able to demonstrate...Cas9 in Intestinal Stem Cell Organoids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients." Cell Stem Cell. 13, 653-658 (2013)....

...solution that has been thawed more than once. Fibronectin is another membrane-interacting protein that ... 7. Stockschläder, M., et al. "Expansion and fibronectin-enhanced retroviral transduction of primary human...

...genetically encoded fluorescent proteins coupled with Fibronectin intrabodies generated with mRNA display (FingRs... life of 84 hours in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. This fusion protein can be used to determine...

...hook-like shape of asbestos fibers. Over time these embedded asbestos fibers cause inflammation, which ...

...integrin inhibitors and natural ligands, such as fibronectin, to block receptor function, e.g., cell adhesion...the three αV integrins expressed on the BJ-5ta fibroblast cells, integrin αVβ1 was critical in initiating...

...Viviana Gradinaru; Tim ShayMultifunctional Neuronal Fibers: Modulation from Gut to BrainResearchers: Atharva...