...to promote the creation of start ups and biotech spin offs. The Synthetic Biology Society also aims to...for positions both inside and outside academia. Inspiring future scientists At Addgene, we’re incredibly...

...SARS-CoV-2 spike variants. “We created a series of spike expressing plasmids which encode spikes found on... Figure 1: Neutralization levels against spike pseudovirus decreases depending on the variant. ...Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021 with permission.   The spike variant pseudovirus neutralization assay Balazs’..., 2021 with permission.   Mutations in the spike protein are one of the key drivers in determining...

...Huber S, Siegrist M, Hetemann L, Gera J, Gmür S, Spies P, Gygax D, Geertsma ER, Dawson RJ, Seeger MA (2018... identified nanobodies that bind to coronavirus spike proteins (Wrapp et al., 2020), which sit on the ...enter host cells. To do this, they injected the spike protein from two different coronaviruses into a ...isolated special camelid antibodies that bind to the spike proteins in cell culture, and inhibit these viruses...generate sybodies, synthetic nanobodies against the spike protein (Walter et al., 2020). No llamas required...Receptor Binding Domain found on the membrane-bound spike protein, in a remarkable 12 working days. While ...

... Other variants of Spinach include Baby Spinach, a miniaturized version of Spinach that retains similar... Hammond’s group created Spinach2 using site-directed mutagenesis of Spinach. In doing so, they identified...was consequently brighter than Spinach. The initial studies using Spinach2 showed its ability to track RNA...imaging. Bunch of baby spinach, or BoBS, contains tandem repeats of Baby Spinach. It was developed in a...twice as bright as Spinach2 when bound to DFHBI. It’s also smaller than any form of Spinach - only 49 nucleotides...Addgene’s collection. Green fluorescent aptamers Spinach and Broccoli and their derivatives are aptamers..., but not quantitative, studies. Additionally, Spinach, the first aptamer identified to bind DFHBI, is...

...other labs. Spike protein, variants, and pseudotyping The SARS-CoV-2 virus depends on its spike protein to...easily study the spike variants, scientists have developed ways to pseudotype the spike protein onto another...This version of the spike protein was developed based on 100 structure-guided spike designs and has improved...for pseudotyping lentivirus with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. They deposited the plasmids used for this...Addgene which include a C-terminal deletion in the spike protein to improve expression and pseudotyping efficiency...individuals (Tong et al., 2021). Another version of the spike protein, called HexoPro, was developed by Jason ...improved protein yields and stability. This stabilized spike protein can be used for the development of vaccines...

...first segments of the spinal cord showing the cortico spinal tract, CST, spinal cord and cranial nerve...Cuneate tract, dCST= dorsal cortico spinal tract, vCST= ventral cortico spinal tract, dc= decussation of the.... Pubmed. Resources: http://openspim.org/Welcome_to_the_OpenSPIM_Wiki http://www.janelia.org/lab/keller-lab...single-plane or selective-plane illumination microscope (SPIM). In order to improve axial resolution and reduce...cleared organs) method of imaging rodent brains and spinal cords by combining Ultramicroscopy with tetrahydrofuran-based...

...cytometry, compensation is the process of correcting spillover from one fluorescent channel to another. When ...fluorescent channels, you can correct for this spillover and more easily separate out your target population...another. This overlap in spectra is often called "spillover." For example, if your flow cytometer reads out...one cytometer and AmCyan on another.  What does spillover look like and how do I fix it? When plotting two... see a diagonal population, this is a sign of spillover and indicates that it is necessary to apply a ...therefore would say that APC is “bleeding,” or spilling over, into APC-Cy7 channel and needs to be compensated...perpendicular vertical line.     In general, most spillover between samples can be fixed with fairly low compensation...

...these devastating afflictions. Elia Di Schiavi - Spinal muscular atrophy Dr. Elia Di Schiavi is a Research...Bioresources in Naples, Italy. His group works on spinal muscular atrophy, a disease in which disruption...of the smn1 gene results in the degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons. This disease is estimated to...While disruption of the smn1 gene is known to cause spinal muscular atrophy, the molecular mechanisms behind...clinic and thereby restore motor neuron function in spinal muscular atrophy patients. Noushin Nabavi - Peritoneal...Systematic review of incidence and prevalence of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)." European Journal of Paediatric...

...presence of that metabolite (Fig.2). Spinach eventually evolved into Spinach2, a more stable and brighter version...essentially mimicking GFP.  Though the aptamer, called Spinach, required longer exposure time than its protein...possibilities. For instance, further selection of Spinach with a target metabolite creates an aptamer that...also has a higher melting temperature than its Spinach ancestors, and has a lower magnesium dependence...Activity with GFP Resources at Addgene.org Find the Spinach Plasmids at Addgene Find Broccoli Plasmids at Addgene...

...are administered in the cisterna magna or lumbar spine. Image and caption courtesy of Challis et al., 2022...: somatic and visceral sensory ganglia, type II spiral ganglion neurons Mice, rats No (mechanism unknown...MVD1A is effective in transducing brain cells and spinal cords of both C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice through...the brain, and a lower transduction rate in the spinal cord. Additionally, AAV.CAP-B10 is targeted away...used to target endothelial cells in the retina and spinal cord (Krolak et al., 2022). Systemic capsids for... neurons, with a lower transduction rate in the spinal cord. It is detargeted from the liver and shows...brain, except for the cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord. All PALs, including PAL1D, are detargeted...

...encodes the mutated spike protein and a barcode, and is designed so that the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD is displayed...deployed around the world to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus... the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein.   Figure 1. (A) SARS-CoV-2 RBD DMS...converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cell-surface receptor. The spike protein RBD responsible for binding ACE2 is the ...

...pseudotype with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, scientists encode the spike protein on the envelope plasmid...2 researchers began pseudotyping the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein into a lower BSL virus like lentivirus (...Crawford et al., 2020). That way, they can study the spike protein’s role in infecting cell lines without using...Pseudotyping Lentiviral Particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein for Neutralization Assays. Viruses 12:513...

...hierarchy: class to type to subtype to variant. Despite the seemingly complicated steps to arrive at this...largely underutilized compared to Class 2. Class 1 Despite their incredible abundance, Class 1 CRISPR systems...accessory Cas proteins in the Cascade complex. Despite a tenuous grasp on how type III systems function... III-E effector was developed, called Cas7-11. Despite being in Class 1, Cas7-11 is a single protein effector...Harrington, L. B., Burstein, D., Chen, J. S., Paez-Espino, D., Ma, E., Witte, I. P., Cofsky, J. C., Kyrpides...

...immune system to fight progressing cancers. It was inspiring to participate in the 2017 Cell Symposium on Cancer...Fluorescent Protein Guide. Throughout the conference aspirin and the use of COX inhibitors was discussed and...Sousa from the Francis Crick Institute concluded “Aspirin promotes autophagy, inhibits platelet aggregation... evade the immune system - COX inhibitors like aspirin may give our immune system the boost it needs to...

...mammalian expression vectors containing various spike protein variants are also available. Plasmids are...include proteins like nonstructural proteins 1 to 16, spike proteins, envelope small proteins, and membrane ... length and truncated versions of SARS-CoV-2 S (spike protein) cloned into a CMV driven expression vector...Analysis of Virus Entry Mediated by SARS Coronavirus Spike Proteins. In: Methods in Molecular Biology. Humana...

...Mark Mellett, a senior researcher at University Hospital Zurich. IL-36 cytokines are a potent inducer of...chromosomes is partially or completely missing in women. Bicuspid aortic valve (an aortic valve that has two leaflets...study is to understand why women with TS develop bicuspid aortic valve at a rate that is 50-100 times higher...of our research questions,” Hébert says. In the spirit of plasmid sharing and open science, Hébert plans...

... coli BioBrick plasmids (meffRed, eforRed, asPink, spisPink, scOrange, fwYellow, amilGFP, amajLime, cjBlue...fluorescent proteins, it’s important to note that despite their distinction by name, chromoproteins are actually...

...transduce, you may want to consider spinfection. Spinfection is the process of transducing cells at a concentrated...than the number of plasmids in the library.  Spinfection If you have a large number of cells to transduce...concentrated seeding density while centrifuging. Spinfection transduction efficiency can vary across cell ...

...fate when she pricked her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel but also a biological transposon system... one patch on the surface, giving the embryo a “spiny and prickly look” that resembled a hedgehog (Nusslein-Volhard...named by a postdoc in Cliff Tabin’s lab who took inspiration from a comic book his daughter was reading. SHH...

...popularity over the last decade. Research by Scott Spicer at the University of Minnesota helps illustrate...studies on reducing antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory tract infections. The video abstracts provide...research is of interest. In his research, Scott Spicer concludes that “… the emergence of the video abstract...the numbers." Nature 525.7569 (2015): 306-307. 3. Spicer, Scott. "Exploring video abstracts in science journals...