...in which the cell line was described. Using Cellosaurus Cellosaurus is searchable by cell line name (recommended...resource called Cellosaurus, a growing cell line information database describing nearly 145,000 cell lines. Cellosaurus... related cell lines when annotating a cell line Community submissions via email: cellosaurus@sib.swiss...with cell line catalogs and collections. Importantly, Cellosaurus also identifies problematic cell lines...HeLa cells. Image courtesy of Josef Reischig.  Contributing to Cellosaurus Generated a new cell? Or ...problems with cell lines. Science 2014; 346:1452–1453. Bairoch, A. The Cellosaurus, a Cell-Line Knowledge...problems, like cells lines. A 2014 study in Science found that approximately one-third of cell lines used ...

...Tracking lineage and cell identity at the single-cell level with CellTag CellTagging is a lentiviral based...individual cells. Each cell is labeled with 3-4 tags to increase the diversity of the CellTag library. ...reprogrammed cells based on single-cell gene expression patterns. The lab has also used CellTags for tagging...describes the process where differentiated cells are turned into a cell type of choice while bypassing the intermediate...majority of cells failing to develop the desired identity. The development of single cell technologies...simultaneously tracks clonal history and cell identity at the single-cell level, thus linking ancestral gene...), a self-renewing cell type that can differentiate into hepatic or intestinal cell types. MEFs were reprogrammed...

... horizontal cells, and Cre-dependent-GFP expresses in horizontal cells and ganglion cells, only the horizontal... in retinal cells. To do this, the group developed a new strategy for finding retinal cell-type specific...and high cell-type specificity.  Strategy #3 (ProC): Create promoters by repeating mouse cell type specific... to test for cell type-specific expression of GFP. Half (113) expressed in retinal cells four weeks post-injection...targeted expression in specific cell types (ex: rods or cones) or cell classes (ex: photoreceptors which...occurred in one type of cell More than 50% of expression occurred in one type of cell, with the remaining ...ability to target a cell class in mice is not a good predictor for targeting the same cell class in NHPs (...

...quality work in cell culture. The problems with cell lines Simply put, the majority of cell line problems...HeLa cells, the first immortalized human cell line. He proved this by examining whether the cell lines...Cancer Cells, Marker-independent identification of glioma-initiating cells. The International Cell Line ...Animal Cell Culture Guide Thermofisher Guidelines for Maintaining Cultured Cells Invitrogen Cell Culture...working cell bank has been made by a research institution (an excellent practice), or maybe cells have been... Outreach Scientist Nick Amiss. Cell culture in the present day Cell culture is a widespread tool used... ability to propagate viruses in cell culture; if there were no cells to infect, there would be no viable...

...Induction of Human Germ Cell Fate from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell, 2015. 17(2): p. 178-94....differentiation of human ES cells and iPS cells into mature pancreatic insulin-producing cells. Cell Res, 2009. 19(...blood cells, and renal epithelial cells from urine are some of the easily isolated somatic cells that ...some of these cell types [13]:  Germ cells [14] Hepatocytes [15] Pancreatic β-cells [16] Intestinal...differentiated cell to a different cell type. While transdifferentiation is suited for switching cell types between... differentiation of human cells with synthetic modified mRNA. Cell Stem Cell, 2010. 7(5): p. 618-30. PubMed...et al., Reprogramming of T cells from human peripheral blood. Cell Stem Cell, 2010. 7(1): p. 15-9. PubMed...

...Pharmacological Sciences, a Cell Press reviews journal. Stem cells are special types of cells that can develop ...specialized cell types [2]. We general speak of 4 levels of stem cell potency: Totipotency: When a cell has ...pluripotent cells can be thought of as descendants of totipotent cells. An example of pluripotent cells is embryonic... into myogenic precursor cells [5]. Classification of stem cells Stem cells are classified into two broad...Embryonic stem cells ESCs are pluripotent stem cells that are able to form all adult cell types and are... Adult stem cells (ASCs) Also known as somatic stem cells, these multipotent stem cells are located ... to maintain cell numbers or replenish dying cells. For example, hematopoietic stem cells found in the...

...plot of CD3 (T cell marker) versus CD19 (B cell marker) to separate the B cell and T cell into distinct...separate the B cell population into progenitor B cells, immature B cells, plasma cells or others.   ...determining cell health, analyzing cell cycle stages, and detecting specific populations of cells in a complex.... As cells pass through the flow cell the size of the sample stream is reduced forcing the cells to line... photons varies from cell to cell depending on the level of fluorescence. A cell expressing high levels...studies B cells, might then gate the B cell population and create a histogram of CD19-containing cells versus...CD3 versus CD19 to separate B cells, T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.   Tips for flow cytometry...

...out all CD8+ T cells from a mix of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. In this case...dumped”. From left to right: B cell, CD4+ T cell, dendritic cell, CD8+ T cell. Created using biorender.com...amines on the cell surface, which yields a much weaker signal on live cells compared to dead cells. As a result...in flow cytometry are cell proliferation and cell viability. Unlike intracellular labeling, dye staining...be done on live cells. For cellular proliferation, esterified dyes that can enter cells freely are typically...comes to labeling cells for flow cytometric analysis, the most common method is a cell surface label, where...through the cell membrane freely, while others require a permeabilized membrane to enter cells. Depending...

... competent cells (protocol)  Transformation of electrocompetent cells (protocol)  Cells prepared using...to make your own competent cells It’s easy to make your own competent cells. If you need a high efficiency...purchasing competent cells. However, for most everyday cloning, homemade competent cells will work just fine...Preparing chemically competent cells (protocol)  Preparing electrocompetent cells (protocol)  Untergasser...of chemically competent cells (protocol) Preparation of electrocompetent cells (protocol) At Addgene...Set  from Zymo Research to make competent cells because cells prepared using this kit can be transformed...then wash and resuspend the cells in the provided buffers. The competent cells are then aliquoted and stored...

...Many cell types can be found in the tumor microenvironment (tumor cells, immune cells, blood cells and ...about 53% of my cells are dendritic cells and ~13% are CD8+ T cells. Around 34% of the cells are neither ...neither of the two cell types (likely B cells and others). Almost no cells stain positively for both markers...measure your cells of interest. In many experiments you’ll be working with a heterogeneous cell population...processed piece of tissue, where cells are present that vary in cell type, size, and marker proteins. ...analyzing a homogenous cell population in culture, it is normal to observe diversity in cell size, marker expression...illuminates the passing cell with a laser and detects the light scattered by that cell at a low angle (FSC...

...labeling T cells, B cells, and antigen presenting cells, scientists have been able to decypher cellular dynamics...tracked by cell sorter giving immunologists the ability to count cells and statistically analyze cell movements...fast T cells could jump from one antigen presenting cell to another. Indeed, we now know that T cells are...2016)? How do dendritic cells migrate to lymph nodes to activate T cells (Celli et al 2008, Kitano et al...In complex metazoans, rapid cell division and large scale cell mobility are essential processes during.... a basal progenitor cell migrating to the epithelium). At this stage, only cells from the immune system...to directly follow immune cells in lymphoid organs. The development of cell sorters together with the ...

...activity, and consists of other cell types, especially immune cells and cells of epithelial origin. Suppressing...turns off T cell function upon interaction with APCs. Furthermore, tumor cells alter their cell-surface proteome...molecules needed for T cell effector function. Cancer cells also produce programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1... activity of CTLs and NK cells. These cells would normally kill cancer cells but are directed not to through...to use whole cell therapeutics consisting of various types of immune cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are particularly... intravenously. B cells and T cells activated ex vivo are also contestants for cell-based immunotherapy... include: Cell heterogeneity Tumors are composed of a wide variety of cell types. This cell heterogeneity...

...transfected cells may be considered an entirely new cell line from that of the original parental cells. Positive...cultured mammalian cells. Of course, these mammalian vectors must be compatible with the cell type they are...bacterial cells); however, the techniques and reagents vary. Plasmid transfection into mammalian cells is fairly...expression levels in the cells. Ideally, the chosen reporter is unique to the cell, is expressed from the...components expressed in trans within the cell for effective replication. Cell lines expressing the Epstein–Barr...mammalian cells To achieve stable transfection, there should be a selective pressure to force cells to incorporate...(basically growing cells in various concentrations of the selection reagent). Cells should die within ...

... hiPS cell lines generated using these plasmids, please visit the Cell Catalog on the Allen Cell Explorer...Institute for Cell Science. Learn more by visiting the Allen Cell Explorer at allencell.org and the Allen... in human cell lines. Furthermore, the quality control necessary to ensure the edited cells are behaving..., and the stem cell lines we’ve made using them are available as part of the Allen Cell Collection at ... and images generated from these cell lines can be found in the Cell Catalog on our data portal. The plasmids...transfect the cells, these large regions of homology enable us to effectively utilize the host cell’s inherent...

...embryonic kidney (HEK) cells originated from? Or why they are such a commonly used cell culture model? In ...isolating the cell line all the way to modern applications. What the HEK is it?   HEK cells were first ...inconsistent with kidney cells (Shaw et al.). Since then, transcriptome studies of the cell line have determined...any unwanted material (HEK cells, etc.) and are ready to use on another cell or organism. This pipeline...where HEK cells may be particularly useful due to their intrinsic properties. HEK-293 cells are tumorigenic...researchers using the cell line. What the HEK is wrong with it?   All cultured human cell lines are susceptible... your cells can catch a cold—or worse! HEK-293T and its derivatives are immortalized, but cell health...

...that already do mammalian cell culture. HEK-293T cells are the most common cells used in viral production...versus insect cells for viral production Consideration Mammalian cells Insect cells Viruses AAV ...type of cells that will be used to make the virus. Viruses can be produced in many different cell types,...produced in bacteria cells. However, some viruses can be produced in multiple different cell types, including...you make an informed decision. Mammalian cells Mammalian cells are a great option for viral production,...production in mammalian cells is relatively quick. After transfection, HEK-293T cells start producing virus...using qPCR or digital droplet PCR. Insect cells Insect cells are a less common option for the generation...

...types of primary mouse cells, including neuronal and gut stem cells, dendritic cells, embryonic fibroblasts...fibroblasts, glia cells and neurons, and cell death post-transduction is low. Neuronal stem cells transduced... Primary cells recapitulate the natural biology of a cell type of interest better than immortalized lines...introduce a gene of interest into primary cells, so most primary cell lines require viral infection. A new ... primary cells. What if, instead of supplying a DNA construct, they could simply induce cells to take ...primary cell types using Cre and various loxP reporters. In both mouse and human embryonic stem cells, they...cultured mammalian cells by osmotic lysis of pinocytic vesicles. Okada CY, Rechsteiner M. Cell. 1982 May;29(...

...and spread of cancer cells. Besides these stromal cell modifications, stromal cells are also constantly...how cancer cells influence microenvironments and vice versa, let’s take a look at cancer cell metabolism...inflammation, a noteworthy cell type in the tumor microenvironment is the immune cells. The contradiction is...injecting breast cancer cells into mice, exosomes expressed specific integrins (cell-adhesion proteins) targeting... be transferred to other cells, inducing epigenetic changes in targeted cells. In this case, exosomes ...Friendly” microenvironment cells Not all is bad news – we also have “friendly” cells in microenvironments! ...Take myoepithelial cells for instance. They retard tumor formation by inhibiting cell growth, invasion,...

...produced using complex mixtures derived from cells or using live cells. There are several types of expression...consists of transfecting cells with your DNA template of choice and allowing these cells to transcribe, translate...demanding cell culture conditions compared to other systems. Insect expression systems Insect cells can also...coli or yeast cells. The only problem with baculovirus systems is that the infected host cell is eventually...eventually lysed. Cell lysis halts protein production, but there are non-lytic insect cell expression systems...Sf21, Hi-5 cells)  that allow for continuous expression of genes integrated into the insect cell genome. ...that is then transformed into a bacterial cell. Transformed cells propagate, are induced to produce your ...

...times), depending on the cell line so old cells should be retired! Conversely, cells younger than the 3rd ...Make sure cells don't stay out too long While you’re preparing things, make sure your cells don’t stay...contaminants. Set up a routine to split cells Don’t be lazy about splitting cells, instead try to form a routine...’s best to split cells before the plates are more than 80-85% confluent because cells like their space...numbers! When starting off with a new cell line, grow the cells, aliquot them into a number of vials, ... Addgene Blog The Challenges of Cell Culture Cloning Mammalian Cells with the Agarose Method Plasmids...lactic acid (a by-product of cellular metabolism that is toxic to the cells), and need to be split very...