... antibodies, include controls where each primary is omitted but all secondaries included to uncover secondary... shifts indicative of tau phosphorylation. By including the positive control, you will be able to confirm... addition to experimental samples (?). B, The inclusion of biological replicates such as multiple mice...Replicates can be technical or biological and are included to improve the precision and accuracy and therefore...repeated measurements of the same sample and are included to assess variability in the experimental protocol...: Microscopy-based antibody experiments should include a primary antibody specificity control, secondary...antibody. The secondary antibody control should be included with each experimental run (Burry 2011). Autofluorescence...

...instead of vortexing. Include proper controls To ensure accurate data analysis, include a complete set of ... by denaturing proteins and dissolving lipids including those of the cell membrane. In some cases, this...whole blood sample will contain a mix of cells including granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Due ...cytometry experiment depends on a variety of factors including sample preparation, staining procedures, and controls...staining.  If you’re using antibodies for detection, include an unstained control with cells that went through...cell type or that has arisen from fixation. Also include an isotype control, an antibody that does not bind...an indirect staining protocol, you should also include a secondary antibody control in which the primary...

...them. Other popular reasons to march include: General inclusion of science to inform policy (17). The...6). Many of the new administration’s actions, including taking down the climate change page on whitehouse.gov... consequences of a march. Three of these risks include: 1) Lost trust Perhaps the greatest risk is that...with one unifying interest (the advancement and inclusion of science) they come from many different places...see and understand data themselves can come to conclusions themselves instead of depending on scientists...that ‘facts’ are subjective or alternative. Inclusion of data informing policy specifically related ...the most profound impact (15). Diversity and inclusion in science, technology, engineering and mathematics...

...you have many career options available to you including careers in academia, industry, non-profit, and... to maintaining a status in the United States including green cards that are well-tailored to meet the...specialized knowledge in a field of human endeavor including but not limited to biotechnology, chemistry, architecture...publications, and plan for future activities; including the interest of the greater scientific field, ...entities or individuals. A successful NIW case should include evidence such as proof of US government grants ...fact is best proved through objective criteria including awards, media attention, citations to your work... discuss your work. Participating as a judge (including as a peer reviewer for journals, acting as a journal...

... an array of post-translational modifications including protein folding, formation of disulfide bridges...for protein production and purification. These include mammalian, insect, bacterial, plant, yeast and ...summarize some of the more common expression systems including their advantages and caveats to keep in mind before...Some drawbacks of insect cell expression systems include that virus production can be quite time consuming...produced by bacteria become insoluble, forming inclusion bodies that are difficult to extract without harsh...requirements as mammalian cell expression systems, including the majority of complex post-translational modifications...been used to express a wide range of proteins including antibodies and pharmaceuticals, specifically interleukins...

...2022 AAV.MaCPNS2 PNS, including ENS (mice) PNS (rats) CNS; PNS, including ENS (adult marmosets, infant...vector, which determine the vector’s tropism, including its ability to cross barriers like the BBB.)  ...application is dependent on a number of factors, including species, strain, age, sex, area of interest, and... with unique tropisms are now available. These include variants with broad CNS or PNS transduction, cell...expression control. (c) Viral delivery methods include focused ultrasound (FUS), intracorporeal (IC), ...expression or activity can be achieved using switches, including riboswitches and optogenetic and chemogenetic ...more effective than AAV9 in many other strains, including FVB/NCrl, 129S1/SvImJ, DBA/2J, and C57BL/6J, the...

...adding a triple nuclear localization signal or including fusions with Histone 2A or 2B can result in bright...however the nanobody proteins tend to get stuck in inclusion bodies. Takayuki Iwaki, Kimiko Hara, and Kazuo...described a simple method which alleviates the inclusion body problem and makes nanobody production in ...inducible promoter. The gRNA piggyBac plasmids include a mRFP reporter. With this system, they could quantify...Addgene The MoClo CRISPR/Cas Toolkit for plants includes 95 plasmids consisting of CRISPR/Cas nucleases... uses CRISPRi to control gene expression. This includes a CRISPRi-based synthetic oscillator, bistable...of norepinephrine. These norepinephrine sensors include GRAB_NE1h (high affinity) and GRAB_NE1m (medium...

... the Chi-Bin Chien lab (Kwan et al., 2007) and includes four promoters, six fluorophores with nonoverlapping...promoters for cell types directly linked to disease, including motor neurons (-3mnx1/Hb9), pan neuronal (elavl3...CyOFP1), some of the exciting properties of mCyRFP1 include a redshifted-emission spectrum compared to that...The set of CyRFP constructs available at Addgene includes bacterial and mammalian mCyRFP1 or CyRFP1 expression... was initially limited by off-target effects, including the conversion of other cytosines near the target... cassette via Cre recombination. Each knockout includes unique barcodes and universal priming sites to...essential in B. subtilis 168. Each individual strain includes a xylose-inducible dCas9 paired with a single,...

...reasons that research can be difficult to replicate. Unclear methods Until someone attempts to replicate the...Cancer Biology, where reported methods may not include how many tests were conducted on how the results...important.  If we eliminate the problems above: unclear methods, QRPs, and small samples, then when replications... do we make research more reproducible? Combat unclear methods with open data, materials, and code Only...reporting guidelines can also help remind us to include all of the essential details. These items rarely...right before data collection starts, and should include a specific plan for how data will be collected,...that may be the result of noise, p-hacking, or unclear methods. Many thanks to our guest blogger David...

.... Conclusion: Always, always, write a brief conclusion of your analysis, even if your conclusion is ...is “this approach is not ideal because…” Including a conclusion for each analysis or task will keep you... approaches to analyze large data sets (myself included) and we are faced with finding the best system...begin, briefly state the goal of the analysis, including background on other analyses that have inspired...where you also record your goal, approach, and conclusions (see above). Keep original files in a separate...

...The CRISPaint toolkit includes several donor plasmids for protein tagging, including luciferase (NanoLuc...regulatory sequences, including protein enhancers and repressors, can be included in the repair template...have been able to study many cellular processes, including mitosis, mitochondrial fission/fusion, nuclear...accepts the homology arm repair template. SapTrap includes a prebuilt donor plasmid library containing several... tagging genomic loci in other model systems, including mammalian cells. CRISPaint (CRISPR-assisted ..., thanks to the modular arrangement of vectors included in tagging systems like SapTrap, scientists will...

...(Figure 4), our catalog includes vectors in a variety of serotypes, including the retrograde AAVrg and...and resources. As editor of Addgene’s eBooks — including the recently released Viral Vectors 101 2nd edition...system can be affected by any number of factors, including the age of the model organism, injection site,...resources for producing vectors from plasmids — including the protocols we use in our lab — being able to...engineered ligands (Figure 2). Biosensors, which include calcium and voltage sensors, are the broadest category... for vectors in the “controls” category, which includes things like viral vectors that deliver GFP. ...community. Thoughtfully prioritizing which preps to include in our service allows us to make ready-to-use viral...

...choose, it is essential to include proper controls. As a positive control, include a sample that is known ...working and should always be included.  For a negative control, include a sample that does not contain... the target!) and use them in numerous fields including research and development, diagnostics, drug discovery...background staining. Antigen-containing samples often include undesirable molecules that may bind non-specifically...specific than other methods. In addition, the assay includes both primary and secondary incubation steps, increasing... protein, especially one with tags, be sure to include a sample that expresses the endogenous protein,...

...Whenever possible, include positive and negative controls. Positive controls typically include cell lines or...several variations of the protein transfer step including wet, semi-dry, and dry but all follow the same... Figure 2: The western blot dry apparatus includes a stack of filter paper, a copper anode/iblot ...data sheet thoroughly. Vendors will frequently include suggestions for working concentrations, blocking...blocking buffers, and incubation times. If the vendor includes publications that cited the antibody, consider...It is important to note, however, that you must include a loading control when assessing protein abundance...western blot. When planning a western, take care to include the proper positive and negative controls, choose...

... allows it to be used in more E. coli strains including the popular BL21(DE3) (Li et al., 2021). This ...original pCas/pTargetF but has many other advantages including shorter plasmid curing time. pCRISPomyces for ...Streptomyces (Cobb et al., 2015). pCRISPomyces-1 includes Cas9, a tracrRNA, and a CRISPR array, while pCRISPomyces.... INTEGRATE consists of four major components including (1) a CRISPR RNA, (2) four proteins forming the...essential genes in a wide variety of bacteria including in pooled, genome-wide, formats. Interested in...proteins involved in the activation of transcription including transcription factors, phage proteins, and RNAP...Adding complexity, they found that they could also include a CRISPRi system for multiplexed modulation. CRISPRa...

...collection of plasmids for coronavirus research, including a handful of plasmids that have been in the repository... plasmids used for this study at Addgene which include a C-terminal deletion in the spike protein to improve...Plasmids deposited from Alejandro Balazs’s lab includes those for generating pseudovirus and those encoding...the widely used qPCR and antigen tests.  Labs including Jennifer Doudna’s lab and Feng Zheng’s lab had...for detection have been made openly available including those from Andrea Pauli and Julius Brennecke. ...19 diagnostic enzymes. Plasmids in this toolkit include ones for expressing MMLV reverse transcriptase ...untagged and tagged versions of SARS-CoV-2 ORFs and include plasmids that are codon optimized. Browse the collection...

...results, conclusions, and acknowledgements sections. Some other additions you might wish to include are a...navigable and efficient; your questions, data, and conclusions should be clearly identified and interpreted ...smaller than in other poster sections, so you can include a lot more. Font size: Making your poster readable...equally-sized columns, where the introduction, methods, conclusions, and acknowledgements sections are inserted. ...the central region, and a scannable barcode is included that links readers to more information if they...background but want to add a bit more “flash,” you can include a subtle gradient (as is shown in all of our illustrations...

...data, you can even include your own data in a ReFigure. For example, you might include a confirmatory image...cofounder of ReFigure. Reading and exploration including replications and experiments resulting in “negative...also eLife, PLOS and Figshare). Some use cases include: Cataloging a reagent’s performance as in this...remain hidden from research papers as they are not included in traditional publications. By submitting your... currently supported by ReFigure beta) you can include it in a ReFigure. ReFigures are good for you and...

...Addgene is building our antibody resource, which includes recombinant antibodies, educational materials,...California Davis School of Medicine. This deposit includes frequently cited antibodies for use in brain imaging...disciplines, over time. The resource may also expand to include other affinity reagents, such as nanobodies and...antigen, and performance in various applications are included in the full webpage. Educational Resources...discussed on Addgene’s blog and Antibody Guide, which include information about immunofluorescence, conjugates...over time. Through our incredible community, including your support, we have enabled scientists to easily...

...many roles that actively require these skills, including: Science Reporter Scientific Sales Epidemiologist...Careers where you’ll actively use these skills include: Science Reporter Scientific Illustrator Research...outdoor skills are needed in a variety of roles, including: Livestock Breeder Scientific Illustrator Plant...etc) are highly desirable in a range of roles, including: Science Reporter Technical Writer Statistician...position. Questions you’ll want to find answers to include: Will you be sitting at a desk all day or be on...to the content in your Resume and Cover Letter. Include any relevant job specific ‘buzz words’ to ensure...