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  1. Viral Vectors 101: Voltage Indicators

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    Blog Post
    ...Voltage indicators are voltmeters for cells! In this blog we will review how these indicators work, their...fluorescence or voltage indicators.   Viral Vectors and Voltage Indicators As previously mentioned...their use as biological tools. Why Use Voltage Indicators? Electrical signals are integral to many facets...within a cell are genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) and chemigenetic sensors. These tools...describe in more detail below. Types of Voltage Indicators GEVIs can be divided up structurally into 2 main...structurally separates the two components of the indicator, which can make the kinetics of voltage sensing...Factors like photobleaching, lack of red-shifted indicators, and brightness of fluorescence all have room...
  2. New Norepinephrine Indicators: nLightG and nLightR

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...Neuromodulators like dopamine and norepinephrine have important functions in the brain but have been ...developing and depositing two new norepinephrine indicators: nLightG and nLightR (Kagiampaki et al., 2023...White insets indicate surface expression of the indicators over white dashed lines. Scale bars, 10 μm (HEK293T...trialed in two-photon in vivo experiments. nLight indicators are more sensitive to and selective for norepinephrine...They can, however, be studied with the nLight indicators. Speed One of the major advantages of this next...… Patriarchi, T. (2023). Sensitive multicolor indicators for monitoring norepinephrine in vivo. Nature...
  3. Plasmids 101: Terminators and PolyA signals

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    Blog Post
    ...plasmids use Rho-independent terminators, which include naturally occurring terminators, such as T7 and rrnB,...engineered terminators come close (>95%). For most purposes, however, any common terminator will suffice...double terminators to reduce unwanted translation of downstream elements. A high affinity terminator may ...of yeast terminators of varying strength. A discussion of the effects of various terminators in the context...termination and polyadenylation? The role of the terminator, a sequence-based element, is to define the end...synthesized RNA from the transcription machinery. Terminators are found downstream of the gene to be transcribed...transcribed, and typically occur directly after any 3’ regulatory elements, such as the polyadenylation or poly...
  4. PEI Calculator for Planning AAV Packaging Transfections

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    Blog Post
    ... download the PEI calculator for AAV packaging Use the PEI transfection calculator for AAV packaging ...corresponding column in the calculator spreadsheet: We hope that this calculator will make it easier to plan...for AAV packaging, considering using this PEI Calculator. AAV packaging typically requires transfecting...right, you need to do a few calculations. This calculator can do the math for you and it’s simple to make...whole experiment And here’s the equation the calculator uses to give you the μl needed of each plasmid...experiments. Let us know what you think about the calculator in the comments section below. References 1.... transfection calculator...
  5. OCaMP: A New Calcium Indicator for Neural Imaging

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...past few decades, genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) have become a vital tool in neuroscience...toolbox, our team recently developed a new calcium indicator, OCaMP. The challenge: Expanding the fluorescent... signals in the brain. For this to work, each indicator needs to emit a different color of light and be...FPbase.org. Scientists have developed calcium indicators spanning nearly the entire visible spectrum (...gold standard for green fluorescence, while red indicators jRGECO1a and jRCaMP1a are widely used as well...tools, we recently developed a new orange calcium indicator, OCaMP (Aggarwal et al., 2025), based on the fluorescent... regions or cell types at once using existing indicators. For example, you might want to use OCaMP to ...
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