... the end of this post! Figure 1: Base transitions are edits between the purine bases (adenine, ...newly-deaminated inosines. Pro tip! The nucleoside inosine consists of the nucleobase hypoxanthine + a ribose sugar...transversion editor AYBEv3. This tool still retained considerable A → G editing activity at most sites, in addition... editor (gGBE) (Tong, Liu, et al., 2023). gGBE consists only of engineered MPG fused to nCas9. First, ...efficiency, purity, and indel rate of each tool vary considerably. And there’s so much more exciting protein engineering...is which. Acronym Full name Notes   Base transition Base change between purines (A ↔ G) or between... glycosylase to a CBE; the first type of base transition editor invented.   Abasic site A DNA site with...

...can be a time-intensive endeavor. That is why we also included an analogous set of transient constitutively-expressed...on the other hand, is a widely available and inexpensive imaging modality with good tissue penetration... be easily expressed heterologously by bacteria inside the body. So we screened gas vesicles gene clusters...bARGSer-expressing E. coli. The GV-specific ultrasound signal inside the tumors was overlaid with the anatomical B-mode...Emerald GFP. These plasmids can be used directly in transient transfection in rtTA+ cell lines (such as HEK293... using the most reliable method, which is the transient cotransfection of the mARG plamsids into HEK293T...

...” in quotations here because I would not have considered myself neutral in any of their disagreements....Skills series, this post is not meant to be a comprehensive guide to Conflict Resolution. There are countless..... Ownership: Misunderstandings about who is responsible for what tasks or projects is a common source...customer support element amongst their other responsibilities. Knowing which aspects of customer support... require a manager to explicitly assign the responsibility in question to a specific person or team. ... more of a winner and loser–one party will be considered in the right, and one in the wrong. If you arbitrate...also aggravate long-term personal conflicts.  Transitioning a conflict into a collaboration may not be the...

...primary antibodies is a time consuming and expensive process. Consider the vast number of possible primary antibodies...we’ll go through some of the most important considerations to make when planning and performing an IF ...indirect immunofluorescence procedure with key considerations about each step. Image created with BioRender.com...’ll start there. Some of the most important considerations are to make sure your secondary 1) will recognize...remember that antibodies recognize very specific 3-dimensional epitopes. Different sample processing steps can...protocols available for each antibody that you consider in order to determine how reliable the antibody...

... imaging NIR FPs, consider using light sources that produce enough light intensities in NIR. Usually, ...supplied (Baloban et al., 2017).  It is important to consider effective brightness of NIR FPs in cells, in addition...Shemetov et al., 2021). In addition to FRET, intensiometric calcium indicators NIR-GECOs were developed...dDetermined as effective NIR fluorescence in transiently transfected live HeLa cells with no supply of...Designing brighter near-infrared fluorescent proteins: insights from structural and biochemical studies. Chem ... (2015). Piatkevich, K.D. et al. A robotic multidimensional directed evolution approach applied to fluorescent...

...results of cloning or knockout experiments to forensics and clinical diagnostics. One example of southern... a sample. Whereas Southern blotting is labor intensive and requires a large amount of high-quality DNA...lacking the 3’ hydroxyl group required for the extension of a DNA strand (8). Adding a small amount of ...of DNA strands of all possible lengths because extension is terminated upon the incorporation of a ddNTP...speed ultimately leading to what are generally considered first generation DNA sequencing machines (9).... drive for faster, higher throughput and less expensive sequencing fuels a sequencing revolution that ...1195397. 2. Chang, Judy C., and Yuet Wai Kan. "A sensitive new prenatal test for sickle-cell anemia." New...

..., for some applications, integration might be considered a double-edged sword with unintended consequences...AKA transduction in the viral vector world). Once inside the host cell, the viral payload is integrated ...lentiviruses lack a functioning integrase, the enzyme responsible for inserting viral DNA into the host genome....genomes are transcriptionally active, leading to transient expression of gene products (Wu et al., 2004)....insertional mutagenesis (Howe et al., 2008). 2. Transient expression of transgenes/shRNAs If you want your...expressed (Fu et al., 2013). Using IDLVs ensures transient expression without the risks associated with prolonged...of clinical or basic research applications. Considerations for IDLV use If you’re reading this and thinking...

...include a Packaged on Request option. Through this expansion, scientists will be able to request an AAV composed... vector prep.    Excited? So are we! This expansion will give researchers increased flexibility when...overview in this blog post.     When will the expansion happen?  You will be able to request Packaged ... Plasmids available for Packaged on Request consideration will have a banner on their material page. Interested... in-stock preps. If a request has technical considerations that may affect expected titers, a customer...resources.  We hope you’re as excited about this expansion as we are! Happy packaging! ...

....” Subscribers to Scientific America would be considered the interested public and it would be safe to...scientific or science communication. A Tweet is still considered scientific communication if the language is aimed...  For example, while “PCR test” has recently transitioned from jargon to non-jargon in the context of ...of disease testing, it can still be considered jargon in most other uses. Many laypeople would use “PCR...Instead, it targets a specific audience - giving consistency, purpose, structure, and intent to the messaging...your audience, and their expectations of you, consistent and clear.   And now that we’re all on the same...

...aborted fetus. HEKs have an unusual ploidy and are considered hypotriploid: most chromosomes are represented...though derivatives have been adapted for growth in suspension. Of the many derivatives of HEK-293, the most...many immature neuron-like qualities, which is inconsistent with kidney cells (Shaw et al.). Since then,...systems, such as yeast. HEKs can also grow in suspension, which allows for large scalability, and can ...cells may be particularly useful due to their intrinsic properties. HEK-293 cells are tumorigenic, ...widely available, which can make for a seamless transition of biological tools to other researchers using...

...describe the discovery of a light-sensitive opsin from algae that is sensitive to red light instead of blue...The problem is that all of these molecules are sensitive to blue light. Many have tried to make green molecules...blue light molecule much, much, much more light-sensitive. Then you can use dim blue light and red light... tools in a deep part of the brain, making it sensitive to light. When they illuminated this region, the...for the first time? Boyden: There are always considerations for each species. This could be a three or ...

...Transferred DNA once inside the infected bacterium can either exist as transient extrachromosomal DNA,...inject their genetic material into the cell. Once inside, phages can follow one of two different life cycles...Lentiviral and AAV can be used to create both transient cell lines, where a gene of interest is expressed...Bacterial conjugation Conjugation was the first extensively studied method of gene transfer and was discovered...the other hand uses electrical pulses to create transient pores in the cell membrane that genetic material...

...molecular switches in signal transduction pathways and consist of a trimer of three subunits: alpha (Gα), beta...function as one unit: Gβγ. In general, GPCRs show a propensity to associate with certain subtypes, although ...ligand-bound GPCRs of interest. The TRUPATH plasmid kit consists of 20 plasmids encoding 14 alpha, 2 beta, and ... internalization of two different receptors- angiotensin II type 1 receptor and the β2 adrenoceptor. ...ideal for chemogenetics as they are relatively insensitive to their endogenous ligand, acetylcholine, and...Pascolutti R, Paulo JA, Gygi SP, Kruse AC (2017) Multidimensional Tracking of GPCR Signaling via Peroxidase-...

...order to gain a competitive advantage this cycle, consider the advice below:  1. Eligibility check Scrutinize...and grades that serve as automated filters of consideration. If you are worried about any eligibility provision...which is the perfect opportunity to paint a comprehensive picture of your academic interests, potential... day of the interview, dress the part, and be consistent with your personal statement, while you make ...your close peers to come along for the ride, and consider applying to several opportunities. In an age of...success. Every student should use these guidelines consistently across a number of years as you apply for internships...

...Brightness Brightness refers to the fluorescence intensity of a fluorescent molecule. A higher brightness...sample. Practical brightness A protein with a high intrinsic brightness that does not fold well or cannot be...brightness and is of no use. Therefore, it is more sensible to compare fluorescent proteins based on their...wavelength, available emission filters, and detector sensitivity) and the biological system (temperature, prokaryote...brightness When a dish of mammalian cells is transiently transfected with a plasmid containing a fluorescent... there is huge variation in the fluorescence intensities of individual mammalian cells within the dish...

...and tension all have specific sensors designed for them. For example, this class includes tension monitors..., which will turn on, change color, or change intensity of fluorescence in the presence of calcium. This...specific proteins of interest such as actinin. When tension is high vs. low in the cell the donor and acceptor...changes to the structure of actinin in low vs. high tension. These systems are powerful tools to measure real-time...reproducible when used as stable systems, rather than transiently overexpressing at the time of use. Another great...

...” has me considering the microbiome more often than not). If you’re someone who’s considering getting ...definitely enjoyed the lab!) and would therefore consider myself a neuroscience novice (newb). In this post...’ve developed in your current work to make new insights in neuroscience. Even if you're currently a synthetic...altered function or maybe your favorite FRET-based biosensing technique can be applied to an important neuronal...experiments and to find tools that will make your transition into the field much easier! If there’s a plasmid...

...approaches can be found. As an example, say you are considering either a cellular screen or a selection. A selection...specific to your scientific question. Things to consider when selecting an assay system include: How specific...specific is it? Is it high throughput? Will it be sensitive enough? No one wants to spend time screening hits...t yield any hits. Make sure you plan ahead and consider these questions to save yourself a headache later...scene, there are other options which are worth considering. RNAi screens are similar to CRISPR, but instead...method, popularized in yeast, are temperature sensitive screens. These involve raising or lowering the...

...with Addgene’s expansion into plant synthetic biology. There are already two comprehensive plant cloning... of the technology to the public in an open, responsible manner. At Revolution Bio, we are addressing ... circadian rhythm in petunias. Because of the extensive research that has come before us, it’s possible...change color. Without this basic research – this comprehensive understanding of the genetic pieces underpinning... intellectual property concerns – patents and licensing agreements. Developing a product without the use...

...school and turn it into a biotech company. Transitioning an idea from academia to a startup Mike Koeris... biotech startup, Mike explained, his career transitioned away from the bench and became all about finding...failure at all stages in the startup". To gain insight into "the random-walk" of a budding startup, I ...company won’t go anywhere. The team should initially consist of 2-3 individuals that are aligned in vision and...company may begin to prove the technology. This transition takes around 1 – 2 years. The product is the...into it.” Have any other helpful tips to help transition a project from academia to a biotech startup ...