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We narrowed to 974 results for: lat

Showing: 441 - 480 of 974 results

  1. Improving Transduction Efficiency with Exosome AAVs

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...vector production, assembled AAV vector particles accumulate inside the producer cells and purification protocols...gradients. The current purification protocols for isolating exo-AAVs rely on differential centrifugation steps...Figure 2). Since the development of the exo-AAV isolation protocol by Maguire and colleagues, other researchers...et al., 2017), and exo-AAV8 expressing human coagulation factor IX in liver in a mouse model of Haemophilia...et al. 2018). The structure of exosome AAVs is related to the use of microvesicles as a vehicle for drug...

  2. Plasmids 101: NGS Quality Control for Pooled Libraries

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...1, to create a “cumulative wealth distribution” curve, or Lorenz curve. By calculating the area under ...can be counteracted by growing the cells on solid plates, where each transformant forms its own colony, ...less of a concern, but Addgene still recommends plating the transformation mixture on solid media. The ...The colonies are then scraped off the plates and pelleted for DNA extraction. Prepare library product for...

  3. Viral Vectors 101: Types of viruses

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...gamma-retrovirus is Murine Leukemia virus (MLV). Naturally isolated gamma-retroviruses have been associated with cancer...lentivirus and gamma-retrovirus are so closely related, their required components are very similar. While...heterologous envelope or a post-transcriptional regulatory element can be used for either type of retrovirus...infect humans, many mammals, and even the avian population. Some adenoviruses are known to cause respiratory...induce a lower inflammatory response within hosts. Relative to the other viruses discussed in this article...

  4. Viral Vectors 101: The AAV Retrograde Serotype

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...mouse lines, you can access and manipulate an even further defined population of neurons. For example, say... workhorse adeno associated virus (AAV) shows relatively low retrograde transport efficiency in most serotypes...expression, detecting neuronal signaling, or manipulating any other genetically controlled function. By...Fig 3B). These specific neurons could then be manipulated (e.g., activated or inhibited) by any genetic...

  5. A Practical Approach to Choosing the B(right)est Fluorescent Protein

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... on the properties found in the literature or tabulated data that summarizes properties of fluorescent...) respectively. The theoretical brightness is calculated by multiplying EC by QY (EC*QY, sometimes normalized...several important experimental conditions that are related to the imaging strategy and the sample. Practical...developed in our lab uses a reference protein that is translated from the same open-reading frame and separated...the assay is depicted in figure 1. The strict correlation between the fluorescent protein of interest and...

  6. Screening for Successful Genome Editing with Digital PCR

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...splitting up a sample into thousands of physically isolated partitions (such as droplets or wells on a chip...edit. Since exploitation of NHEJ to generate translational reading frame-altering indels for “functional...wild type target in each sample can be quickly calculated (details in [2]) and can be used to quantify ...few thousand cells from single wells of a 96-well plate without prior quantification. Comparatively, mismatch...AnotherLabRat.     References 1. Miyaoka, Y. et al. Isolation of single-base genome-edited human iPS cells without...

  7. Antibodies 101: Monoclonal Antibodies

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...Antibodies, 1999). This creates an immortal cell population that will continue to produce the specific antibody...or, are injected with the whole protein. After isolating the B cells from an immunized animal, those B ...step. Then, a limiting dilution is performed to isolate individual hybridomas and ELISA is used to identify...the selected hybridoma is expanded as a clonal population (Holzlöhner et al., 2017). Why choose monoclonal... Addgene’s antibody plasmid collection Read the latest on Addgene's new antibody project ...

  8. Early Career Researcher Toolbox: Social Media for Scientists

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...engineers regularly use the platform, why scientists are using the platform, and tips for getting the most...from Nature Jobs Blog While Twitter is a popular platform for scientists, it’s not the only tool in a scientist... Facebook. For each of the three social media platforms, there’s some statistics on what percent of scientists...given you tips for using various social media platforms, and 3) helped you fit social media into your ...

  9. Back to Bacteria: CRISPR gRNA Multiplexing Using tRNAs

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... promoter, gRNA and pol III terminator. These relatively large cassettes (considering the gRNA itself ... vector. In addition, the pol III promoter is relatively weak, and low expression of gRNAs from these ...deletions of other regions, such as noncoding RNAs or regulatory elements, to examine their function. Bacteria... of polycistronic gene organization, and its translation to CRISPR/Cas9 shows great potential for multiplexed...gRNA Multiplexing Multiplexed and programmable regulation of gene networks with an integrated RNA and CRISPR...

  10. CRISPR 101: Non-Homologous End Joining

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...aren’t, so repeated cycles will favor accumulation of the latter products. As noted above, a single cycle...repair, as there is no requirement for a repair template (sister chromatid or homologue) or extensive DNA... repair should take less than an hour, thus a population of cells constitutively expressing a targeted...NHEJ-dependent repair (“pop-in” insertion) provided a template containing compatible overhangs is available. ...

  11. Will You Be My Mentor? Finding and Asking for Mentoring Support

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...watch my webinar, “Not Networking 101-Building Relationships for Success”. Choose 1-2 tactics to try. One...be a bit random because you never know which relationships will take off, or who your new contact will ...current organization but also important to build relationships outside your organization. The mentor in your... doing it again next month?” Some mentoring relationships grow naturally out of friendships or work interactions...other ways they can help you grow. Mentoring relationships can last for an hour or for a year. Some click...

  12. Antibodies 101: Conjugation

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...low abundance targets. Check out our post on Biotinylation to learn more about biotin and its use in molecular...groups from cysteines, or carbohydrates from glycosylation (Dennler, et al., 2015). However, there are ...Endogenous carbohydrates added to antibodies post-translationally. 4) Modifications made to antibodies, such ...2015) Antibody Conjugates: From Heterogeneous Populations to Defined Reagents. Antibodies 4:197–224. https...The Basics of Western BlottingPlasmids 101: Biotinylation Resources on Addgene.org Unconjugated antibodies...

  13. Rosella: A Fluorescent pH-Biosensor for Studying Autophagy

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...non-selective macroautophagy of the cytosol leads to accumulation of Pho8Δ60 in the vacuole, where it is cleaved...structures based on morphology. Autophagosomes are relatively easy to identify: double-membraned structures... GFP allows for tracking the localization or accumulation of pre-autophagosomal structures, autophagosomes...comprised of two tandem fluorescent proteins: a relatively pH-insensitive RFP variant, DsRed.T3 and a pH-sensitive...induce autophagy, red but not green fluorescence accumulates in the vacuole. See Figure 2 for an example of...

  14. Uncertainty about Labor Law Brings More Uncertainty to Postdoc Wages

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...better salary increases that those in less densely populated areas. This assumption does not appear to hold...not getting a raise. Meanwhile, in less densely populated places like the University of Kansas and the University...say, salaries are showing surprisingly little correlation with cost of living at the location of the institution...important step forward in helping the postdoctoral population continue to pursue academic work, and to enhance...scientific enterprise by reducing the postdoctoral population which keeps growing despite a lack of available...

  15. Plasmids 101: The Wide World of Natural Plasmids

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...can spread between hosts through horizontal (or “lateral”) gene transfer. Horizontal gene transfer can occur...specialized degradative capabilities are often tightly regulated to be active only in the presence of the target...rapid spreading of genetic material through a population of cells. Cryptic plasmids: microbial mysteries...organization doesn’t necessarily reflect genetic relationships or plasmid incompatibility. Plasmids may also...2004). Cloning Vectors Based on Cryptic Plasmids Isolated from Lactic Acid Bacteria:Their Characteristics...

  16. Engaging with science and society at pgEd

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...following the latest developments in genetics research, their applications and regulatory policies; keeping...traditional and social); and synthesizing and translating all these into social media and blog posts, lesson...symposia, or courses in social, health or policy-related topics, as time permits. Also seek out opportunities...scientific research does not happen in a vacuum that is isolated from the rest of society or devoid of social context...

  17. Overcoming the Challenges of Lentiviral Production

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...precipitation. All of these methods ultimately isolate the viral particles allowing you to concentrate...be optimized prior to starting. We recommend calculating the ratio of the surface area of the larger vessel...example, while the PEG precipitation method is relatively inexpensive and does not require an ultracentrifuge...titering. Typically researchers will choose a relatively permissive cell line for titering in order to...information provides a great starting point, it may not translate to the target cell line. To overcome this issue...

  18. Popular Retroviral Vectors and Their Uses in Scientific Research

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...diseases. Additionally, retroviral vectors can regulate gene expression by delivering shRNA or miRNA. ...vector systems Gamma-retroviral vectors have a relatively high transduction efficiency, but in contrast...and lentiviral vectors that are used for gene regulation, gene of interest expression, knockout, and screening...Consortium, also known as the Genetic Perturbation Platform, to produce their shRNA library to support functional...genetic power and allows high throughput genetic modulation studies in mammalian cells and tissues. This ...

  19. Viral Vectors 101: Calcium Sensors

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...crosslinking agent, a signaling ion, and an allosteric modulator. Because of its importance, scientists have developed...understand how this metal ion is trafficked and regulated. In this blog we will explore some of the most...and organs noninvasively and target a defined population of cells (e.g., a neuron subtype) and specific... calcium. It has been applied to mark active populations of neurons in vivo to study circuit activity.... allows scientists to focus on specific cell populations of interest. Many of the calcium sensors described...

  20. Mouse Modeling, Part 1: Genetically Engineered Mice

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...understanding a specific effect related to an experimental manipulation. Common inbred strains include ...in the population, meaning they more closely mimic the genetic diversity of the human population. Outbred...controlled through a drug or small molecule that regulates Cre expression. The most common drug used to induce...

  21. Hot Plasmids and Viral Preps - March 2021

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...assembly By Eric Perkins Though it’s easy enough to contemplate DNA in terms of its sequencing, in vivo studies...targeting a specific chromatin feature (e.g. a methylated histone such as H3K27me3), a linker between these... are sensor-actuators, either transcriptional regulators or chromatin-modifying enzymes. The speed and...used to bring cargo, such as protein or DNA, to manipulate function in receiver cells. There are over 40... G-baToN provides versibility in tracking and modulating the interactions between cells.      Tang et...

  22. CRISPR Activators: A Comparison Between dCas9-VP64, SAM, SunTag, VPR, and More!

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... to specific sequences, causing targeted gene regulation. This can be used to activate transcription during...generation” CRISPR activator. While it requires a relatively simple construct, it exhibits modest levels of...activation experiments. In cases of multiplex gene regulation (activating multiple genes at once), however,...construction: it relies on antibody chains, which are relatively large and are not expressed consistently throughout... WA (2013) Repurposing CRISPR as an RNA-Guided Platform for Sequence-Specific Control of Gene Expression...

  23. Experimenting in an Open Source lab: from CRISPR to Cats

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...OpenWorm project. The main goal of OpenWorm is to simulate C. elegans as a computer model. When I first heard...biology of the worm into a computer model that recapitulates how molecular biology impacts worm locomotion...neuron knockouts so that we can perturb factors related to worm motion. Working on the Cat Microbiome Project... have members looking at how to re-use it as a platform for monitoring homemade microfluidic chips using...using the fantastic optics and fluidics platform it contains. Biotech equipment becomes obsolete amazingly...

  24. Plasmids 101: 5 factors to help you choose the right cloning method

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... vector and your insert, DpnI digest away the templates, and transform the PCR products into E. coli. ...will require a PCR reaction or two to generate templates for the cloning process. Time spent actually doing...restriction enzyme and ligase based cloning is a relatively inexpensive way to get the job done, provided...because the T4 polymerase needed for this method is relatively inexpensive and can be obtained for about $70... or purify DNA fragments from gels. If you’re relatively new to the cloning game, however, or simply looking...

  25. xCas9: Engineering a CRISPR Variant with PAM Flexibility

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... After 24 days of phage propagation, Hu et al. isolated xCas9 1.0-1.4 and subjected them to another 72...-targets. Employing xCas9 for transcriptional regulation and base editing Hu et al. also engineered transcriptional... editing efficiencies (edit frequency in cell population measured with NGS) are shown as percentages, ...about xCas9. “I’m not 100% sure xCas9 is going to be flat out better than SpCas9. I want everyone to test ...hoping that these answers come sooner rather than later. Once you’ve tried it, let us know how xCas9 is ...

  26. Fluorescent Proteins 101: Fluorescent Protein Timers

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...them under a microscope, fractionate samples to isolate particular organelles and their contents, or perform...to the immature color (green or blue) within a population of timer indicates the age of the pool: the higher...of protein concentration. Calibration curves correlating this ratio to the total expression time can therefore... situation where one wants to understand the relationship between the age of a cell, protein, or cellular...nascent tissues and the formation of limbs are correlated with changes in gene expression. In a developing...

  27. The Scientific Conference Poster Session: Tips for Success

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...attending the session, and what is their background relative to your research? Tailor your language to your... you may receive. People often ask about the relationship of your work to recently published papers or...audience just that. Explain what you do know about a related topic, and let them know while you appreciate the...collaborate with a group who presented on a topic related to your research? Find a way to get in contact ...affiliation from the poster heading to get in touch at a later time. With these tips in mind, you’ll be geared ...

  28. Adenoviral Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Aims to Expand Genome Editing to Primary Cells

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...(Lukashev et al., 2016). The protein capsid encapsulating the genome is majorly composed of three proteins...genes. For this you would need to provide a DNA template to repair the double strand break via homology...Cas9/sgRNA and one vector for your specific DNA template. Using this two vectors system, Manuel Gonçalves...This technology therefore represents a potential platform that could be realized via simple switching of...tools can also be used to deliver Cas9 and DNA templates in somatic cells of adult animals in order to ...

  29. Transferable Skills: Negotiation

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...I would mainly do over the price of a used car. Later, as I applied for jobs, I knew I should negotiate... the ultimate resolution can involve ideas not related to the actual data collection task but still be...negotiation skills will help you strengthen relationships with your colleagues and supervisors and lead...negotiation skills are key to maintaining and growing relationships with your colleagues within and outside of your... what you want and can also strengthen your relationships with others who know that working with you will...

  30. Academic vs. Industry Postdocs

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...immersed in that environment sooner rather than later can be helpful. Publishing: As a postdoc at AstraZeneca...you might find yourself feeling scientifically isolated if no other postdocs are in your department, and...surrounded by lab members who are all working on related topics, scientific discussion is often part of ...then let them decide what they’d like to work on later. For instance, AstraZeneca posts most of its positions...resources on the Addgene blog Check out all careers related blog posts here Find 9 tips for a successful postdoctoral...

  31. Tips for a 1st time AAV user (by a Rookie AAV user)

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...bacterial pellet for the remainder of the cultures and later maxiprep only the cultures with intact ITRs. I use...solution. PEG takes several hours on a heated stir plate to dissolve and requires monitoring so that the ...qPCR Protocol for more details. Pro Tips When calculating the titer for your AAV, remember to account for...plasmid, not that I would know about this… A no template control (NTC) should always be included. While...tool for gene expression in mammals Use the PEI calculator for planning AAV packaging transfections Find...

  32. Plasmids 101: Optimizing Plasmid Yields

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...often doubles the volume of culture used for inoculation if we get inadequate plasmid DNA yields. Why ...growth conditions, and the material used for inoculation. To further complicate matters, plasmid copy ...may lead to loss of the plasmid, and using older plates could increase plasmid loss or mutation. Let it...these factors are generally, but not perfectly, correlated. Typical growth times for high copy plasmids...smaller cultures, especially those in deep-well plates, require a faster shaking speed for proper aeration...

  33. Anatomy of a Plasmid Page at Addgene

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...in mind! This section of our plasmid pages is relatively new, so some of our older plasmids may not have...publication. Addgene makes this easy by providing a template citation for you to use in your Materials and ... Use the Addgene catalog number to easily find template citations for Addgene plasmids you have used in...on the N or C terminus of the transcribed and translated insert. If it is an empty vector with a tag, ...here. Articles Citing this Plasmid: This is a relatively new feature of our plasmid pages, and provides...

  34. Which Fluorescent Protein Should I Use?

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...not narrow enough to distinguish between closely related colors. Furthermore, most FPs  have a broad range...oxygen deprived environment. Recently, a new GFP isolated from the Unagi eel was shown to mature independently...chromophore. This can be from a few minutes after it is translated to a few hours. For example, superfolder GFP ... of how bright is the emission. Brightness is calculated as the product of extinction coefficient and ...College of Medicine. He is interested in everything related to gene expression, particularly at the RNA level...

  35. SciComm: Taking Science to Elementary and Middle Schools

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...rather “let’s see how we can make this fun activity relate to STEM.” Figure 1 shows the activities we had ...initial guidelines I received from the teachers, I formulated the presentation as follows (which could be adapted...molecular mechanism, I was careful to keep it relatively simple. I honed the complexity of the talk by...moving along much faster than it can be officially regulated. I did not try to sugarcoat the potential dangers... on a kid’s face when you’ve shown them how to isolate DNA from a strawberry, or demonstrated that they...

  36. Don’t FRET: Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation Makes Visualizing Protein-Protein Interactions Easy

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...visualize PPIs that regulate numerous cellular functions, including ubiquitinoylation, kinase signaling,...generate negative control constructs — more on this later. For more on constructing fusion proteins, check...necessary because split FPs can associate, albeit at relatively low frequencies, without being brought into close...visualized makes it amenable to studying PPIs under relatively physiological conditions when compared to FRET...

  37. Capturing a Moment with Marc Zimmer’s “The State of Science”

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... thing if CRISPR hadn’t made manipulating the genome cheap and relatively easy? Have all of these things...unlikely to be surprised by many of Zimmer’s revelations. The issues he discusses have been making the...before then. Other areas are newer, such as the relatively recent resurgence of “Do-It-Yourself Science”...its own Franklin in Doug Prasher, who originally isolated the GFP gene but was not included amongst the ...

  38. MXS Chaining

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...fluorescent proteins, promoters, enhancers, polyadenylation signals, inducible gene-expression sequences...generate the four initial unique constructs and later combine all four constructs into one 15 kb insert...polycistronic containing multiple identical polyadenylation signals or promoters Gibson et al., 2009 ...”) can be readily reused in the assembly of any later construct (i.e.,functional cassettes are recyclable...Neveu PA. MXS-Chaining: A Highly Efficient Cloning Platform for Imaging and Flow Cytometry Approaches in Mammalian...

  39. Cpf1: A New Tool for CRISPR Genome Editing

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...future edits. In contrast, since Cpf1 cleaves relatively far away from the PAM, NHEJ might retain the ...confirmed. To prevent new editing post-HDR, repair templates should remove the PAM sequence. Comparing Cpf1...throughout the 23-base sequence. Double mismatches ablated Cpf1 activity, except when they were present in...exciting both in terms of basic science and translational applications. This discovery of this type V ...we had a lot more to learn about CRISPR biology. Later work, like the adaptation of Cas13 to RNA targeting...

  40. Plasmids 101: Protein tags

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...usually smallish peptides incorporated into a translated protein. As depicted in the accompanying cartoon... Thus far Plasmids 101 has covered GFP and its related fluorescent proteins, which are sometimes used ...crystallizing it or testing its function. Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) can help with folding and stabilization...and purification An affinity tag, generally a relatively small sequence of amino acids, is basically a...Combo Consists of a bacterially derived in-vivo biotinylation signaling peptide (Bio), flanked by hexahistidine...
Showing: 441 - 480 of 974 results