We narrowed to 492 results for: ara-2
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TypeBlog Post...type. Find some transduction characteristics of select AAV serotypes in Table 2 from the paper. Delivery ...routes for neuroscience see Table 1 from the paper. 2. Manipulate your cell of interest: Cell-type specific...
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Antibodies 101: Single Chain Fragment Variables (scFvs)
TypeBlog Post...additional rounds of panning and scFv characterization. Figure 2: Phage display starts with a pooled...the short epitope GCN4, also called a scaffold; and 2) a GCN4 binding scFv that’s fused to GFP. When the...Fv (Variable Domain) (scFv) Fragments. Antibodies 2:193–208 . https://doi.org/10.3390/antib2020193 Khantasup...another decade when in 1988 they were cloned by two separate labs (Bird et al., 1988; Huston et al., 1988)....., 2012, Bates and Power., 2019): rapid blood clearance, which is useful for imaging applications; better...small size (Bates and Power., 2019). Their rapid clearance from blood can be a drawback for therapeutic applications...Khantasup K, Chantima W, Sangma C, Poomputsa K, Dharakul T (2015) Design and Generation of Humanized Single-chain... -
Antibodies 101: Flow Compensation
TypeBlog Post.... Let's look at an experimental example in Figure 2. Figure 2A shows the sample prior to compensation.... line with the other populations. Figure 2: Compensation example based on experimental sample..., you will see the populations move, as in Figure 2, following compensation. Figure 3: Flow plot...can correct for this spillover and more easily separate out your target population. How do I know if ... -
Fluorescent Tagging of Endogenous Genes with SapTrap
TypeBlog Post...digestion of the destination vector with SapI yields 2 sites- the first site accepts the sgRNA target sequence...marker, and connector to be released (Fig. 1, Step 2-3). Since donor plasmids of the same type will produce... a gRNA vector that targets the gene of interest, 2) a plasmid to specify the reading frame of the insertion...can be modified to assay additional protein characteristics. For example, Masato Kanemaki's lab has developed... -
Technologies Enabled by NanoLuc® Luciferase
TypeBlog Post...the system outlined in Schmid-Burgk, J.L., et al (2). In this post, I’ll cover two great applications ...molecularly evolved from mNeptune2 through 33 mutations and 2 deletions. CyOFP1 has a higher quantum yield, brightness...luciferin 24 hours later demonstrated a more than 2-fold brighter signal from Antares as compared to Fluc...PMID: 22894855. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3501149. 2. Schmid, J.L., et al. (2016) CRISPaint allows modular...create a calcium sensor with the following characteristics: No photoexcitation High Ion specificity High... -
Mapping the 4D nucleome with CRISPR/Cas9
TypeBlog Post...resolved loci with physical map distances of 75 and 2 Mbp, with the calculated fluorescent distances correlating...established physical map. In comparing pairs of targets ~2 Mbp apart, they noticed that they could evaluate the...intrachromosomal loci, a major benchmark in characterizing the 4D nucleome. Future modifications and applications... -
Evolution of Lab Techniques
TypeBlog Post... is the genetic test used for sickle cell anemia (2). Southern blotting, in conjunction with restriction...program) can then reproduce the DNA sequence (Figure 2). Accuracy and accessibility led to the widespread...biology98.3 (1975): 503-517. PubMed PMID: 1195397. 2. Chang, Judy C., and Yuet Wai Kan. "A sensitive new...these reactions out in separate lanes of a gel. Since the sequencing gel will separate the DNA based on size...instead use methods like pyrosequencing that are parallelized to sequence thousands of reads at the same time...Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis." Journal of molecular ... -
Antibodies 101: Introduction to Immunofluorescence
TypeBlog Post...into the several steps outlined below and in Figure 2. For a deeper dive into the steps and techniques, ...mounting sample on slides, and confocal Figure 2: High-level overview of an indirect immunofluorescence...recognize the species of your primary antibody and 2) is conjugated to a fluorophore that suits your experiment...depend on the target and sample type. Sample Preparation This step can involve multiple smaller steps...Preservation and Imaging Similar to Sample Preparation, this step can involve multiple smaller steps... -
History of CRISPR Cas - A tale of survival and evolution
TypeBlog Post...phages but to also destroy the phage upon re-exposure (2, 3). More specifically, specialized Cas proteins snip..., accessed 25 November 2013. Author: James Atmos (2). Many CRISPR/Cas moieties carry out these functions...length and paste them into the CRISPR sequence. Separate Cas proteins then express and process the CRISPR...of more than 40 cas gene families have been characterized. To date, 83% of archaeal and 45% of bacterial... -
Even more elegant: Single injection CRISPR/Cas9 in C. elegans
TypeBlog Post...one injection step! The entire protocol takes about 2-3 weeks but requires less than eight hours worth of...for C. elegans genome modification. Figure 2: Schematic from Dickinson et al. (2015) illustrating... is inserted at the 5’ end of a gene, the SEC separates the targeted gene from its promoter, creating ...Dickinson et al. tested this system across 7 genes in parallel; when they injected 60-80 animals per gene, they... -
FlipGFP, a novel fluorescence protease reporter to study apoptosis
TypeBlog Post...parts: (1) β-strands 1-9 (β1-9) and the one ɑ-helix, (2) β-strand 10 (β10), and (3) β-strand 11 (β11). Each...activating caspase-3, and detected fluorescence within 2 to 5 hours, a time consistent with previous methods...necessary for fluorescence. When these parts are separated from each other, the protein cannot fluoresce....fluoresce. When β10 and β11 are linked together, but separated from β1-9 they will rapidly recombine with β1-9...on protease activation. Normally, β10-11 are antiparallel. To prevent binding, the β strands in FlipGFP...FlipGFP were redesigned so that they are parallel to each other and thus can no longer fit with β1-9. They...dimerize together and force the strands into a parallel conformation. Between β11 and one of the linkers... -
Hot Plasmids - January 2023
TypeBlog Post...is always best to have options. Fig. 2: Addgene’s western blot for mEGFP-HRas (from Plasmid...the presence of oxidizing agents. Adapted from Fig. 2 Campbell et al, Nature Methods Find YFP plasmids...Susanna Stroik The Doudna lab’s recent work characterized a new tool for RNA targeting, with a leg up ... multiple antibodies allows you to use them in parallel to help amplify your signal - giving you the benefit...observed high fluorescence resilience to these preparations. After crystalizing the hfYFP structure, the... -
Plasmids 101: Protein tags
TypeBlog Post...(you generally don’t want more tag than protein), 2-3 tags is increasingly common. Tandem affinity purification...TEV cleavage site (more on that in a moment), and 2 ProtA IgG-binding domains. TAP has since come to encompass...found in this paper (available at Addgene). Table 2: Protease recognition sites commonly used with tags...for your protein. If you’re working with an uncharacterized protein, or a protein for which a good antibody... -
New Tool for Lineage Tracing: The ClonTracer Library
TypeBlog Post...preexisting resistant subpopulation 2. Resistant cells among the separate replicates would have different ...medicine 21.5 (2015): 440-448. Pubmed PMID: 25849130. 2. Hata, Aaron N., et al. "Tumor cells can follow distinct... population using the library, propagated it, separated it into roughly identical replicate groups, and...depiction below): 1. Resistant cells among the separate replicates would contain the same labels - i.e...approach is in contrast to the current treatment paradigm where resistant populations are treated as they... -
FastCloning: A Newer, Simpler Cloning Technique
TypeBlog Post...vector:insert ratio is used in the DpnI digestion and 2 µL of digest product are used in the transformation...Biology 38 (2016): 145-154. PubMed PMID: 27391134. 2. Li, Chaokun, et al. "FastCloning: a highly simplified...FastCloning, you PCR both the vector and the insert in separate reactions and then combine the products and digest... -
Antibodies 101: Avoiding the Mouse on Mouse Mess in IHC
TypeBlog Post...recognize Fab fragments from the same species and 2) these fragments will be more likely to bind (and ...epitopes recognized by the secondary. Figure 2: There are a few common solutions to avoid background...biorender.com. Proper tissue processing and sample preparation can also help reduce the levels of endogenous... -
Comparing Cas9 to NgAgo: Can the Argonautes Best CRISPR?
TypeBlog Post...Epub 2016 May 2. PubMed PMID: 27136078. Find plasmids from this publication at Addgene. 2. Swarts, Daan...against invading DNA. In 2014, Swarts et al. characterized Argonaute from Thermus thermophilus (TtAgo),... -
Top Requested Lentivirus and AAV of 2016
TypeBlog Post...PMCID: PMC3785459. 2. Krashes MJ, Koda S, Ye C, Rogan SC, Adams AC, Cusher DS, Maratos-Flier E, Roth BL,... tropism and axonal transport of AAV serotypes 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9 in the mouse brain. PLoS One. 2013 ...individual gene knockouts (using gRNA lentiviruses). Separating Cas9 and the gRNA into two constructs (i.e., ...between experiments and over time (as compared to separate transductions with a single-vector system). Tips... -
Plasmids 101: Repressible Promoters
TypeBlog Post... Genes Dev. 1988 Jun;2(6):718-29. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.6.718. PMID: 2843425.Takara Bio. Tet-On and Tet-Off...Targeted Gene Expression in Drosophila.” Genetics 186(2) (2010): 735-55. PubMed PMID: 20697123. PubMed Central... in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.” FEMS Yeast Res. 12(2) (2012): 197-214. PubMed PMID: 22129153. Additional... the system have been engineered and improved. Takara’s “2nd generation Tet-Off vectors (Tet-Advanced)...this way, you can interrogate the activity of uncharacterized promoters. Similarly, placing UAS upstream ...-Off systems: Second generation. https://www.takarabio.com/products/gene-function/tet-inducible-expression-systems... -
CRISPR Methods for Bacteria: Genome Engineering, CRISPRa, CRISPRi, Base Editing, and More
TypeBlog Post... pCRISPomyces-2 contains Cas9 and a gRNA cassette. The simpler system of pCRISPomyces-2 displays a higher...and a subsequent curing protocol that requires only 2-3 hours incubation. E. coli and T. citrea scarless...four major components including (1) a CRISPR RNA, (2) four proteins forming the QCascade DNA-targeting ...expresses lambda Red and Cas9, which are separately inducible by L-arabinose and anhydrotetracycline (aTet), respectively... template or non-template strand, among other parameters. . Stanley Qi lab's CRISPRi plasmids Stanley...across multiple gRNAs per gene (Singh et al. 2016). Sarah Fortune's lab M. tuberculosis CRISPRi plasmids Noting...proteotoxic when used in Mycobacterial species, Sarah Fortune’s lab screened 11 other Cas9 orthologs to...