We narrowed to 1,017 results for: CAL

...reverse-transcribed piece of DNA called a “provirus.” This DNA is synthesized inside of what is called the “target cell...The Retroviridae (commonly called retrovirus) family — of which HIV is a member — may seem like an unlikely...retroviral vectors and 2.) a subclass of retroviruses called the lentiviruses (like HIV-1) — that have been ...(Prussin et al., 2015), only a small fraction typically cause disease. The gamma-retroviruses have their...transduction by vectors (which we sometimes still call “infection” as a shorthand, although it is not quite... proteins encoded by complex retroviruses. Microbiological Reviews, 56(3), 375–394. https://doi.org/10.1128...

...purification (TAP) once referred specifically to a combo tag comprised of a calmodulin binding peptide (CBP), a...to) purification, detection, solubilization, localization, or protease protection. Thus far Plasmids 101...overexpress and purify proteins can face any number of technical challenges depending on their protein of interest...consider junk protein. Though there are a number of chemical and peptide-based proteosome inhibitors, glutathione... relatively small sequence of amino acids, is basically a molecular leash for your protein. If you’re ...want to combine a fluorophore with a tag that localizes your protein to the nucleus? Or you want multiple...

...results (i.e. mistakenly calling a gene a hit when really it’s not). In practical terms, this means that... approach for identifying genes involved in a biological process. These screens provide an alternative...cutting than full-length guides (19-20bp)?  Small-scale studies (Tsai et al., Fu et al.) suggest 17-19 bp...non-targeting guides on screen analysis and hit calling. 5,644 non-targeting guides and 6,750 safe-targeting...ricin screen. When safe-targeting guides are used to call hits from the growth screen, p-values were less ...References 1. Morgens, David W., et al. "Genome-scale measurement of off-target activity using Cas9 toxicity...

...Emily Bentley Building on their CROPseq method for optical pooled CRISPR screening, Paul Blainey’s lab has...multiplexing approach to Cas9-based pooled CRISPR screens called CROPseq-multi (Walton et al. 2024). This platform...compatible with enrichment, single-cell sequencing, and optical pooled screens in human cells. Addgene offers vectors...one of the virus’s most abundant proteins and a critical component for viral genome packaging. Addgene ...Genetic modification of microglial immune cells is critical for central nervous system research; however, ...cells.      Figure 5: A) Representative confocal images showing GFP expression from ssAAV5s with...gene of interest, reducing the immunogenicity typically associated with viral vector-based therapies. ...

... prep library. Addgene’s pooled libraries are typically DNA preps, but we do distribute several of our...larger lentiviral preps can be used for screening-scale transduction of cells, resulting in cell population...The size and composition of your library can drastically impact what conditions it needs to properly amplify...can transduce your cells.  While Addgene uses a physical titer (via ddPCR) to quality control our viral...include a 1.3 mL aliquot with mostlibrary requests specifically to allow scientists to perform functional titering... D., Sanjana, N. E., & Zhang, F. (2017). Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and transcriptional activation...Waxmonsky, N. C., Swanson, L. E., & Fan, M. (2016). Practical Considerations for Using Pooled Lentiviral CRISPR...

...Harvard Medical School, and is currently a fellow in clinical genetics at the University of California, Los...Vincent and Niroshi Senaratne, from the Biological and Biomedical Sciences program at Harvard University...the Program in Genetics and Genomics at Harvard Medical School. He studies developmental gene regulation...

...Harvard Medical School, and is currently a fellow in clinical genetics at the University of California, Los...Niroshi Senaratne and Ben Vincent from the Biological and Biomedical Sciences program at Harvard University...the Program in Genetics and Genomics at Harvard Medical School. He studies developmental gene regulation...

...able to bind to a small molecule derivative of GFP called 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone...intracellular locations using Cas9 and track the localization of the complex. Broccoli, the other green fluorescent...Broccoli, and useful for quantitative studies. Specifically, Corn was developed to quantify RNA transcription...high-affinity complex for RNA labeling and tracking." ACS chemical biology 9.10 (2014): 2412-2420. PubMed PMID: 25101481...and directed evolution." Journal of the American Chemical Society 136.46 (2014): 16299-16308. PubMed PMID...di-GMP and cyclic AMP-GMP." Journal of the American Chemical Society 135.13 (2013): 4906-4909. PubMed PMID:...a photostable RNA–fluorophore complex." Nature chemical biology 13.11 (2017): 1187. PubMed PMID: 28945233...

...structures that are processed by a ribonuclease called Dicer. In a great simplification of the process...pri-miRNA, which is then processed by a complex called Drosha to pre-miRNA. miRNA plasmids are engineered...backbone Choosing the promoter Mature siRNAs typically range from 19–22 nucleotides and are 100% complementary...’t just use the mature sequence in a plasmid and call it a day. You need to include both sides of the ...for quick in vitro experiments. shRNA plasmids typically use RNA polymerase III promoters, which transcribe... versatile gene-silencing machine. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284(27), 17897–17901. https://doi.... DICER: structure, function, and regulation. Biophysical Reviews, 13(6), 1081–1090. https://doi.org/10.1007...

... why you might want to be careful relying on so called “housekeeping proteins.” Fully quantifying a western... later steps in this chain (blue) to infer or calculate things about earlier ones. In practice, multiple...popular choices for loading controls. These are often called “housekeeping proteins” and are detected with an... will almost certainly be overloaded. One paper called this problem “the most common error associated ...Data is presented as mean ± SEM. Adapted from Analytical Biochemistry, vol 440, Gilda, J. E., & Gomes,...loading control to β-actin for Western blots. Analytical Biochemistry, 440(2), 186–188. https://doi.org...Antibodies 101: The Basics of Western Blotting Technical Design of a Western Blot Troubleshooting and Optimizing...

...populations; for example, CD8+ T (“T killer”) cells. Typically, you would label the CD8 co-receptor protein on...of interest via FACS using negative selection is called dump gating. Let’s say we want to sort out all ...cell membrane but inside the cell. Due to their chemical nature, antibodies cannot penetrate the cell membrane...intracellular labeling with antibodies requires chemically pre-treating the cells to allow for entry of ...esterified dyes that can enter cells freely are typically used. Inside the cell, the ester group is cleaved...intracellular labeling protocol is necessary, requiring chemical treatment of the cells after surface labeling....Associate in the lab of Arlene Sharpe at Harvard Medical School. His projects include investigating negative...

...colleges, private universities, and medical schools. I will emphatically deny that I have a magic formula..." manual on applying for faculty positions in biomedical science. My motivation was to share my experiences...told all of the nuances of the research in as technical of language as possible. Seriously. My suggested... trying to say X." She would then look at me quizzically and ask why I didn't just say that? Bottom line...especially helpful. I set out to make something practical and accessible. If there's something you come ...the Janelia Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. His interests include the quality control...

...where you can start to identify which items aren’t critical to your research success. If you can get away ...resources to keep, and which ones to abandon. It’s critical to make these decisions in the following order... budget can help you compare the monetary and empirical value that helps you determine whether or not ...know how to decide which components are the most critical to your research, negotiations can be much easier...negotiating finances, instead of solely discussing numerical values, try to keep conversations focused on research...saving the institute time and energy that would typically be wasted going through some of the questions ...is your goal, then understanding your needs is critical to a successful negotiation and collaboration....

...temporal and spatial control. Optogenetics uses genetically encoded tools, such as microbial opsins, to control...light-inducible heterodimerizing cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) and calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 (CIB1) proteins....this approach. This study generated the first optically active saCas9 protein. Stop light! Photoactive...different approach. These researchers used a genetically encoded photocaging technique to insert a light-removable...light-removable protecting group, specifically a nitrobenzyl photocaged lysine (PCK), on the Cas9 protein...Hemphill et al. presented data showing that this genetically encoded, photocaged Cas9 system could silence...editing and transcription. Label genomic loci Photochemical Control Hemphill et al., 2015   Nitrobenzyl-caged...

...it's usually more efficient than plasmid donor. Typical design is to have 50–80 bp of homology arms on ...changes (>100 bp insertions or deletions), we typically use plasmid donor, with two homology arms on each...transfection in cells like HEK, we use around 400 ng of a typical size (~5 kb) donor plasmid with Cas9/sgRNAs vector...plasmids. For ssDNA oligo design, the Zhang lab typically uses around 100–150 bp total homology. The mutation... giving 50–75 bp homology arms. The Zhang lab typically use PAGE purified long oligos. For large changes...100 bp insertions or deletions), the Zhang lab typically uses a plasmid donor, with two homology arms on...like HEK, the Zhang lab uses around 400 ng of a typical size (~5 kb) donor plasmid with Cas9/sgRNAs vector...

...deaminase (TadA) to a catalytically impaired Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9. They called this editor Target-...-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editor called REPAIR by fusing catalytically inactivated RNA-targeting Cas13 ...plasmids available at Addgene. We will still periodically focus on specific CRISPR plasmid tools more ...editor still retains A-to-I editing. This system is called RNA Editing for Specific C-to-U Exchange, or RESCUE...

...you’ve saved. Repurposing regulated medical waste Regulated medical waste (RMV), which we collect in those...scores products by their environmental impact on a scale of 1-10: the lower the score, the lower the environmental...companies to obtain these labels! Reusing plastic Historically, scientists washed and reused materials such...flow cytometers. These fluidic machines handle biological samples and are cleaned between each use. You...those red biohazard bags, typically is destined for a landfill. However, Triumvirate Environmental developed...

...Regulatory DNA function is typically inferred based on correlative biochemical characteristics and ectopic...Canver of Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Addgene is proud to present a video reprint...for deletion screening by conventional PCR. Biallelically disrupted cells can be easily identified. Even...investigator at Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. His lab studies the molecular genetics ...Matthew Canver is an MD/PhD student at Harvard Medical School in the laboratories of Stuart Orkin and ...

...Kristin Krukenberg and Jessica Polka from Harvard Medical School and a long list of supporters from all of...peer review and grant awards systems need to be radically overhauled.  Finally, the science publishing system...excellence to begin effecting change.  Panelists call for action Each of the speakers in the panel had...Director of the Office of Postdoctoral Affairs at UNC, called her presentation “Disequilibrium, Disillusion and...Associate Professor of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School, titled her presentation “How to Train Your...and take action. More Reading: “Rescuing US biomedical research from its systemic flaws” by Bruce Alberts...

...target specific tissues, even when administered systemically, without causing disease? Recombinant adeno-...receptor (AAVR)2 Carboxypeptidase D (CPD), also called AAVR25   AAV9 Terminal N-linked galactose3...integrin3 AAV11 Carboxypeptidase D (CPD), also called AAVR25   1Wu, Miller, et al., 20062Pillay...genomic structure of AAV2, so they are formally called rAAV2/1, rAAV2/2, and so on, although we often ...receptors and tissue tropism. AAV5 AAV5 is the most genetically distinct AAV. Though AAV5 is one of many serotypes...Efficiency of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes After Local Injection in Mouse and Human Skeletal Muscle. Human...is required for gene transfer. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276(23), 20610–20616. https://doi....