...principles of fluorescent dyes/ligands Figure 1: Example structures of fluorophores, fluorescent dyes... dopamine D2/D3 receptors. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78827-9 Breen... Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes (Vol. 1838, Issue 1 PARTA, pp. 15–33). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem...emission wavelengths, which are pivotal in their application in biotechnology (Grimm & Lavis, 2022). These... substrates/peptides and antibodies. Example applications of this include coupling to an antibody, whereby...whereby excitation of blue light will indicate where FITC is bound through green light emission. Key considerations...typically bind to. Stability of fluorescence: For applications that involve ranges of pH, and significant lengths...

...found climbing mountains or playing with his two cats. Keira Havens grew up in Hawaii where she was fascinated...challenges involved in plant synthetic biology. Challenge #1: Public perception of synthetic biology One of the...biotechnologists face is public perception of genetic modification (GM) and synthetic biology. The mistrust and...cannot build what we do not understand, and the complicated and unique metabolic processes of plants are ...

...editors (ABE) mediate A•T-to-G•C base changes (Figure 1), but it can be challenging to make these base changes...dCas to the genomic DNA of interest  Figure 1. When ABEs are in action they bind DNA so that the... from E.coli, named TadA7.10 in ABE7.10)  a catalytically impaired Cas protein (dCas or Cas nickase)  ...accidental insertions and deletions (indel) by the catalytically impaired D10A nickase from ABE7.10 can be a ...the authors created ABE8 constructs using a catalytically “dead” S. pyogenes Cas9 (dC9-ABE8.x-m/d). The...these variants, ABE8 could target many additional locations in the genome. Compared to ABE7.10, NG-ABE8.xm... reduced off-target editing frequencies. For applications that require high DNA editing specificity, for...

...fluorophores are constantly being engineered. Table 1 lists a few common fluorescent proteins and their ...definitions found in Table 2 may not apply. Table 1: The specific mutations comprising common fluorophores...transgenic mice. Purification: GFP can be used as a general epitope tag for protein purification and a number...their experimental needs, and some of the common applications in the lab. Why Green Fluorescent Protein?...to maintain fluorescent activity; very little truncation is tolerated, however, point mutations are acceptable...Re-engineering GFP to increase its range of color and application Almost as soon as its sequence was elucidated...others) Neutral mutations    A multitude of applications Due to its size and ease of use, GFP and other...

...cleavage (Harrington et al., 2017). Figure 1: Anti-CRISPR proteins (Acr's) can block CRISPR activity... ways to anti-CRISPR proteins in your experiments 1. Reduce off-target effects Prolonged Cas activity ..., 2018). For example, AcrIIA4 mentioned above indicates that it’s the fourth Acr protein discovered that...viral particles that have the gene deletion could replicate when challenged with the S. islandicus CRISPR-...B, Bondy-Denomy J (2020) Anti-CRISPR protein applications: natural brakes for CRISPR-Cas technologies....light-inducible Cas9 activity? Check out these these plasmids Catch Up on Your CRISPR Background with Our Guide Pages...

...crevices proteins on the cell surface. Figure 1: Comparison of common antibody, HCab, and nanobody...Humana Press, pp 133–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-293-3_10 Walter J et al. (2020) Synthetic nanobodies...Starting with libraries and a biotinylated (for purification purposes) protein target of interest, the protocol...-30) of sybody candidates are sequenced for identification. All unique sybodies can be subcloned into ...2020) Generation of synthetic nanobodies against delicate proteins. Nature Protocols 15:1707–1741. https...Light to Manipulate Cell Signaling and Protein Purification RANbodies: Reporter Nanobody Fusions Plasmids...

...used in way more applications.   Fig. 1 Making a Protein Tag (Abridged) (1) Locate a promising monoclonal... by its antibody without additional chemical modification steps and when the epitope was within the tagged...

...Updated Jun 1, 2021 by Meghan Rego. Reproducible data are key to science, so scientists are used to repeating...the DNA packaged inside the viral particles (Figure 1). Briefly, packaged DNA is extracted from purified...These impurities cannot be removed during the purification step because they are inside the virus itself...very low concentration. So how do we make sure to catch all of these potential mishaps before distributing...Guerin et al., 2020).  In addition to genome identification, we developed custom open-access Python scripts...

...Podcast breakdown Intro Chapter 1: Who is Crystal Shih? Crystal's educational background and position at Novartis...Chapter 7: How Crystal developed her science communication skills and how they've helped her at Novartis...

...for example, split cells on a Monday diluting them 1:10, you should be able to split on the following Thursday...Immunology. You can find Sana on LinkedIn.   References 1. Yin, R., et al. "Gene expression profiling analysis...results. Most cell culture media contain the pH indicator phenol red (pH range 6.0 (yellow) - 8.0 (red))...Anything between orange and light orange usually indicates that the cells have grown enough, are making their...

...DYKDDDDK or DYKDDDK 1 Affinity and Purification Good for antibody-based purification; has inherent enterokinase...does not greatly alter the size of the tag.   Table 1: Common protein tags Tag Epitope Mass (kDa) Function...site GST Large Protein 26 Purification and Stability Good for purification with glutathione; protects...used for purification as elution requires low pH poly His HHHHHH  0.8 Affinity and Purification Very small...GKPIPNPLLGLDST   1.4 Affinity and Purification Good for antibody-based purification Combo and cleavage tags...multitude of uses including (but not limited to) purification, detection, solubilization, localization, or...fusion proteins to aid in the expression and purification of recombinant proteins. Tags for stability...

...and placed in a buffer. Antibody Structure Figure 1: Structure of an antibody A standard antibody is made... together to form a “Y” shape, as shown in Figure 1. The two arms of the Y structure are responsible for...Handling Visualization Signal Amplification Application Overview Quantification Methods Capture Methods Visualization...Antibody Applications Antibody-based applications can be generally classed into four categories: Quantification... Read on to learn more about the applications common to each category, including an outline of the basic...these applications, visit the Antibody section of the Addgene Protocols page. Antibody Applications - Quantification...concentrates in the sample. Controls for quantification methods Quantification methods should be run with: a positive...

... edit.   Figure 1: Choosing the best PE6 variant for your application. Image reused form Doman...delivery by modular envelope design. Nature Communications, 14(1), 5141. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023... CreVLPs, and eVLPs for in vivo and in vitro applications.   Figure 2: Modular features of DIRECTED...approach for experimental therapies and medical applications.  Find DIRECTED plasmids here! Strebinger, D...interactions or map a local proteome, but some applications have been challenging or inaccessible. The Ting... (which had therefore been trafficked between locations). Figure 3: A) LOV-Turbo becomes active...active when illuminated with blue light, catalyzing the biotinylation of nearby proteins. B) TransitID uses...

...membrane targetin sequence derived either from p63(1-29) and Lck. Image from Chertkova et al., 2020. ...Reports. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57500-1 The CRISPR corner By Jennifer Tsang Here are a few...Fluorescent tools for mammalian cells Nanobody purification CRISPRi and CRISPRa system for hPSCs The CRISPR...CRISPR corner New from the viral service Faster catalysis after yeast-based protein evolution By Joanne ...concept, Sanchez and Ting sought to improve the catalytic efficiency of tobacco etch virus protease (TEV...activity with a fluorescent protein--no affinity purification required! The team used other molecular techniques...evolution platform to generate TEV protease variants. Catalysis by TEV protease allows a transcription factor ...

...Aptamers and Their Biological Applications.” Sensors (Basel). 2012; 12(1): 612–631. PubMed PMID: 22368488...be selected for these small ligands. References 1. Ma, Hanhui, et al. “Multicolor CRISPR labeling of... Aptamer biosensors are used in a variety of applications, including detection of environmental pollutants... opens aptamers for use in many entirely new applications including aptamer based fluorescent biosensors... render this approach less sensitive in most applications. Learn About Fluorescent Biosensors Light-up..., MG proved to be too toxic for many in vivo applications, but this work proved the concept that RNA could...and biochips. Ultimately, there are just some applications that lend themselves to aptamer-based instead...

...about health equity, science communication, and public health.     References 1. O'Neill, J. "Tackling drug-resistant... to the development of resistance include (Figure 1): Over-prescription of antibiotics (for example, ...Microbes (bacteria included) are very skilled at the delicate art of survival. Existing virtually ubiquitously...of intentions. The take-home? Always take your medication as prescribed. How do we know which bacteria ...

...regulated in the medicinal plant, the Catharanthus roseus (Figure 1). The ultimate goal of our research ...activities in seed plants." Plant cell reports 9.1 (1990): 1-5. PubMed PMID: 24226366. Lee, Min Woo, and Yinong...and a vacuum is applied with a vacuum bell or desiccator. Successful infiltration can often be seen by...expression method for analyzing gene function in Catharanthus roseus seedlings." Frontiers in plant science...

... cerevisiae (Tuller et. al., 2010). Figure 1: An overview of peptide synthesis. A ribosome interacts...McClain WH (2000) The G·U wobble base pair. EMBO Rep 1:18–23 . https://doi.org/10.1093/embo-reports/kvd001...folding and stability, change post-translational modification sites and even affect protein function (Mauro... AP, Bilen B, Zavolan M (2013) Analysis of CDS-located miRNA target sites suggests that they can effectively...synonymous codon usage bias, and its potential applications. Nucl Acids Res 15:1281–1295 . https://doi.org...

...Spaghetti Monster probes at Addgene Uses of smFPs 1. Multi-channel connectomic tracers Fluorescent proteins... expanded use of smFPs in the future. References 1. Viswanathan, Sarada, et al. "High-performance probes...controlled by collections of neurons that are intricately wired into circuits through synaptic connections...photostable than GFP. In addition, antibody-based amplification of their signals is weak and increases background...more HA tags. 4. High-resolutions microscopy As indicated above, smFPs can be used with conventional microscopes...

... present in the sample (APC in the case of Figure 1). In Figure 1A, the population needs to be shifted... decrease the compensation value.   Figure 1: Compensation example with single color control. Flow...diagonal population, this is a sign of spillover and indicates that it is necessary to apply a compensation value...