We narrowed to 591 results for: cel.2;
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TypeBlog Post...still depolarize neurons at lower MOIs. Figure 2: ChRgers are delivered by intravenous injection into... channels in living cells. Multiple properties of a channelrhodopsin, such as cell localization, kinetics...
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Getting Started with Behavioral Neuroscience: Standardizing Experiments and Using Viral Vectors
TypeBlog Post...main decisions to make: 1. Which modification? and 2. Which viral vector should be used? Modifying gene...Different AAV serotypes have preferences for specific cell types. For example, AAV1 and AAV9 serotypes have...most cases with VSV-G that generally mediates broad cell tropism and has a high percentage of neuronal targeting... -
Adapting Toehold Switches to Detect Zika Virus
TypeBlog Post...Components." Cell (2016). PubMed PMID: 27160350. Find Plasmids from the publication at Addgene 2. Green, ...circuits to be deployed out of the laboratory in a cell-free and biosafe format that was stable for up to...possible and submitted our manuscript to the journal Cell just six weeks later. The Zika publication timeline...of Toronto. His research is focused on developing cell-free synthetic biology applications for human health...de-novo-designed regulators of gene expression." Cell 159.4 (2014): 925-939. PubMed PMID: 25417166. PubMed...Keith, et al. "Paper-based synthetic gene networks." Cell 159.4 (2014): 940-954. PubMed PMID: 25417167. PubMed... -
Western Blot
TypeProtocol...protein from cells or tissue samples. Equipment Microcentrifuge 0.5–10 µL single channel pipette 2–20 µL single...transfer, block, incubate with primary antibody Day 2: Incubate with secondary antibody Video Watch this...Heat block Mini gel tank chamber Power supply iBlot 2 Gel Transfer Device Roller Spatula Platform shaker...running buffer Prestained protein ladder Ethanol iBlot 2 PVDF Mini Stack, Thermo Fisher IB24002 20X TBS Tween...immediately or store at -80 °C until ready to use. Section 2: Determine the total protein concentration and prepare...in deionized water. To prepare 20% ethanol, dilute 2 mL of ethanol into 8 mL of deionized water and mix...the transfer sandwich as follows: Unseal the iBlot 2 PVDF Mini transfer stack. Set the Top Stack to one... -
Reaching out to China: Canton Nucleic Acids Forum (CNAF) 2015
TypeBlog Post...systems to defend against both DNA and RNA viruses - 2 cas systems regulate at the DNA level and 1 at the...origin of cellular life. His lab has long hypothesized that life started with RNA and a simple cell membrane... circular RNA they have identified resulted in a cell migration defect. They have created a circRNA website... -
Open Resources and Plasmid Tools For Studying C. elegans
TypeBlog Post...unc- 119 + selection." MicroPublication 1 (2018): 2–3. Wang, Han, et al. "cGAL, a temperature-robust GAL4...currently doing this using two approaches: single-cell RNA-sequencing to identify neuronal class and deep...WDDD aims to acquire quantitative data on all the cell divisions of the C. elegans embryo when all essential...Wang et al., 2018).” With the split system, only cells that have both halves of cGAL can drive expression... -
Addgene's Cancer Collection Pages Connect the Research Community
TypeBlog Post...: PMC4353587. 2. Stephen, Andrew G., et al. "Dragging ras back in the ring." Cancer cell 25.3 (2014): ...molecular level, at the cellular level there is a universal theme - uncontrolled cellular proliferation. We ...cancerous cells Luckily, there are several safety mechanisms in place to protect us from rogue cells when ...process of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is one such mechanism. When a cell or its genetic material... directly inhibit the ability of a cell to undergo programmed cell death while simultaneously stimulating...eliminate every cancerous cell. Even so, to pose the greatest threat, cancerous cells still need to successfully...universally-dividing behavior of cancer cells, attacking the cellular machinery necessary for division. This... -
Rabies and Neuronal Tracing
TypeBlog Post... 2008 Dec; 18(6): 617–623. Pubmed PMID 19349161. 2. Deshpande A, Bergami M, Ghanem A, Conzelmann KK, ...it first infects one cell (the “starter cell”). It then replicates within that cell, and nascent RABV cross...connections to the starter cell, RABV was modified to only infect user-defined starter cell types, as well as ...dictate infection of target cells through their interactions with target cell surface receptors (Callaway...Callaway 2008). Based on this, cell type specificity of the starter cell can be achieved by using EnvA-pseudotyped...studied biological processes, like how our stem cells are housed in specific locations and give rise to...Tracers Due to their ability to efficiently enter cells and deliver a variety of cargoes, genetically engineered... -
Your Lentiviral Plasmid FAQs Answered
TypeBlog Post... replication competent virus [usually HIV-1]; and 2) the potential for oncogenesis through insertional...of interest into cells. Unlike gamma-retroviruses that can only infect dividing cells, lentiviruses can...dividing and non-diving cells while retroviruses can only infect dividing cells. When choosing the appropriate...to ensure that the proper cell line is used; several common laboratory cell lines including 293 were immortalized...can infect dividing and non-dividing cells. Addgene has an extensive collection of lentiviral plasmids...transfecting four different plasmids into the producer cells (two packaging plasmids, an envelope plasmid, and...appropriate gene delivery system, the specific target cell or tissue needs to be considered. Q2: Can I use... -
Hot Plasmids February 2024
TypeBlog Post...Figure 2: Inner mitochondrial membranes imaged with structured illumination microscopy in HeLa cells expressing...yielded editing of 80–90% in human cell lines and primary cells. Although cell entry of a Cas9 ribonucleoprotein...post: Peptide-assisted genome editing for primary cells Monomeric StayGold variants AAV.CAP-Mac for systemic...antibodies Peptide-assisted genome editing for primary cells By Susanna Stroik Even with the advances in CRISPR...CRISPR technology over the past decade, primary cells remain difficult to genetically edit due to toxicity...toxicity from electroporation or poor cellular entry with other transfection methods. The Junwei Shi Lab addressed...Genome Editing (PAGE). They fused the Cas enzyme to cell-penetrating peptides and co-incubate it with an ... -
CRISPR 101: Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) Delivery
TypeBlog Post...PMID: 27151215. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4938170. 2. Zuris, John A., et al. "Cationic lipid-mediated delivery...can often be used in cells that are difficult to transfect, such as primary cells. Using RNPs can also...interest. This is commonly performed by transfecting cells with a plasmid, such as PX459, which encodes Cas9...must be considered when using this method: Cells must be amenable to transfection or viral transduction...protein in complex with a targeting gRNA, to your cells of interest. Cas9 RNPs are capable of cleaving genomic...single or multi-gene knockouts in a wide variety of cell types, gene editing using homology directed repair...difficulties with protein expression that occur in cells where common eukaryotic promoters (such as CMV or... -
Viral Vectors 101: Chemogenetics
TypeBlog Post...Reports 9: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41088-2 Magnus C, Lee P, Bonaventura J, Zemla R, Gomez J, ...neuroscience where specific tissues, cell types, or even subcellular regions of a neuron need to be targeted...pathways, giving rise to the same cellular responses. The cellular response set off by a DREADD depends ...disease, neuroscientists need to be able to probe cells and circuits without disrupting normal brain function...it provides a noninvasive method for manipulating cell activity, especially neuronal firing. What is chemogenetics...drugs. Once activated, chemogenetic receptors hijack cell signaling pathways and can lead to such responses...requires successfully introducing receptors to target cells. Targeted and specific delivery becomes especially... -
Uncovering Ancestral Bias in CRISPR Research
TypeBlog Post... that bind to a cell’s DNA, telling the Cas machinery where to cut. Fig. 2: Heatmap indicating...ancestry and germline sequence variation in cancer cell lines took them down unexpected paths. Though this...researchers do large-scale CRISPR screens in cancer cell lines, looking to uncover genetic dependencies of...to see if they could identify the ancestry of the cell lines (European, East Asian, Indigenous American...or South Asian) used in the screens based on the cells’ germline genetic variations. They then wanted to...with each ancestry group. Since about 90% of the cell lines used in DepMap CRISPR screens are of either...groups for 994 of the Cancer Dependency Map cancer cell lines (left). Heatmap indicating the breakdown of... -
Transfection for Recombinant Antibodies
TypeProtocol...Workflow Timeline Day 1: Seed cells Day 2: Transfect cells Day 3-6: Feed cells Day 7: Harvest antibody Equipment...Pro-Tip Do not use cells that are over 30 passages. Section 2: Transfection Check the cell density and viability... (EBNA). Safety Warnings HEK293 cells are considered biosafety level 2. Please ensure that you are in ...compatible with 50 mL conical tubes Automated cell counter 37 °C, 5% CO 2 incubator with shaking platform set to...density of 0.9 x 10 6 cells/mL in a 500 mL vented flask.Incubate in a 37 °C, 5% CO 2 incubator on a shaking ...Pro-Tip Culture should be between 1.5–2 x 10 6 cells/mL with >95% viability to proceed with transfection...250 mg Benzamidine 25 mL Aprotinin saline solution (2 mg/mL) Mix well and sterilize through a 0.2 µm PES... -
To Each HIS Own
TypeBlog Post...take care when using this method. Fig 2: A, The polyhistidine tag is a string of histidine...This can be pretty complicated given that a single cell has tens of thousands of proteins functioning in... -
Antibodies 101: ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay)
TypeBlog Post... adapted to a competitive format. Figure 2: Overview of using Competitive ELISA to quantitatively...immunoassays in DNA damage and instability detection. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 76, 4689–4704 (2019). https://doi.org... -
Of Myc and Men
TypeBlog Post...promising monoclonal antibody with high specificity. (2) Narrow down the specific epitope that your antibody...For about as long as the disciplines have existed, cell and molecular biologists have been continuously ... peer into the mysterious, microscopic world of cells. The development of antibodies as tools allowed ...monoclonals would help the field explore Myc’s role in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Using two different...specific for human c-myc proto-oncogene product. Mol Cell Biol 5:3610–3616. https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.12.3610... and immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein. Cell 46:291–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(86...signal prevents secretion of luminal ER proteins. Cell 48:899–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(87... -
Which Fluorescent Protein Should I Use?
TypeBlog Post...system (by measuring the fluorescence intensity); and 2) to visualize the localization of the FP (fused to... localization of that biomolecule inside living cells. FPs classified by the emission color (emission .... Therefore, these can be used as “timers” for cellular processes following their activation. The four...Biosensors: Throwing color lights on molecular and cellular processes” Curr. Protein. Pept. Sci. 9(4):338....proteins and their applications in imaging living cells and tissues” Physiol. Rev. 90:1103. Wu et. al. ... nuclear localization, and dynamics” Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 23:310. ... -
Coomassie Purity Stain of Recombinant Antibodies
TypeProtocol...follows: Figure 2 Using the box tool, draw a box around the entire first gel lane (as in Figure 2). Select Analyze... Example for AR0018 (lane 2 in Figure 1): Sample Peak 1 (contaminant) Peak 2 (contaminant) Peak 3 (HC)...choose Use Equation . Select the Show R 2 checkbox. Pro-Tip The R 2 of the trendline should be between 0.95...Equipment Heat block 1–10 µL single channel pipette 2–20 µL single channel pipette 20–200 µL single channel... Add 5 µL of 4X sample buffer to each sample. Add 2 µL 10X reducing agent to each sample. Spin the sample...bottom part of the gel where dye is visible. Section 2: Staining the Gel Place the gel in a plastic tray .... Figure 1 Recombinant antibody preps should have 2 clear bands at ~50 kDa and ~25 kDa corresponding to... -
xCas9: Engineering a CRISPR Variant with PAM Flexibility
TypeBlog Post...) 12 (>100) xCas9(3.7)-ABE 69 (1.4) 43 (2) 21 (3) Not examined 16 (>100) Average percent... in mammalian cells Hu et al. compared xCas9 activity with wt SpCas9 in mammalian cells, finding xCas9...NG and GAT PAMs. xCas9 3.7 Activity in Mammalian Cells Construct NGG PAM NGA PAM NGC PAM NGT... percent editing efficiencies (edit frequency in cell population measured with NGS) are shown as percentages...