...high-intensity light for activation which requires implantation of fiber-optic cables into the brain. ...were functional and their measured photocurrent amplitude, wavelength sensitivity, and off-kinetics correlated...fiber-optic cannulas were still stereotaxically implanted into the mice’s brains so that light could reach... brain may still require fiber-optic cannula implantation, but altering ChRgers so they can be activated...

...indicate the ITR and serotype, respectively. For example, AAV2/8 has a type 2 ITR and a type 8 serotype....conventional single-stranded AAV (ssAAV) and a self-complementary AAV (scAAV) vector. Full-length ssAAV vector...2.5Kb) and you need expression in a hurry, self-complementary AAV (scAAV) may be an option (McCarty et al.... E. Monahan, and Richard J. Samulski. "Self-complementary recombinant adeno-associated virus (scAAV) vectors...

...silencing complexes (RISCs), which detect dsRNA in the cytoplasm and use it as a guide to complementary RNA ...During transcription, RNA is synthesized from a DNA template, inherently generating RNA:DNA intermediates in...and will dissociate when gene transcription is complete. However, transcription of thousands of genes ...

...is guided by an RNA molecule, the gRNA, to a complementary site in the genome where it will proceed to ...self-process pre-crRNA into crRNA). The size and simplicity of Cas12a makes it easier to package for therapeutic...that Cas14 also indiscriminately cleaves non-complementary ssDNA when engaged by its target sequence. Why... the other Cas family members make for useful implements in the scientist toolbox. If your genome engineering...

...only viable option for compliance. However, 10 days prior to the implementation date, our data indicated... had been collecting data and documenting the compliance of universities with the FLSA in our online resource...conditions for junior scientists but are not implementing consensus recommendations, even when a federal...

...s Health Initiative Hormone Therapy Trial, for example, found that the study saved lives. Reduced use ...analysis and 2) provides case studies with concrete examples of how gender analysis leads to discovery and ...experiments—which can lead to failed research. For example, an international research team from Norway and...studies that draw from a body of research that is incomplete (because sex was not analyzed) may harm humans...

... utilize an array of tools that rely on DNA amplification and manipulation to produce and edit plasmids... to stop functioning properly or be something completely different than what was originally intended. ...places where DNA is being created, such as PCR amplification or bacterial growth. Created with BioRender....Addgene receives deposited plasmids, they undergo complete plasmid sequencing using an in-house Illumina ...

... components. Using the handy website, users can simply select the components they want for each module...(GG) cloning approach. Individual modules and a sample ligation are depicted. (Bottom) Schematic depicting...license.   Once you have the components you want, simply assemble them into a destination vector via Golden...summary on the Fragmid website.   Step 3 is simply a review of the assembled plasmid. It shows you...

...your institute opens its doors to the public, for example at an anniversary or for Girls’ Day, offer guided...Trust blog or the John Innes Student Voice are two examples. Many blogs like Plant Science today, Soapbox ...them to be the “be-all-and-end-all”. You can, for example, get an MSc Science Communication or MSc Science...requires lots of data. Get your community involved in sampling or bioinformatics analysis or upload your data...

... as well as the personal, social and ethical implications of genetics. In these conversations, pgEd strives...of science, even while I was a bench scientist completing my graduate studies in molecular biology and ...concerns them the most about research is its implications for their lives, their health, their jobs and...arguably have a duty to engage the public on the implications of their work. Johnny Kung is the Director...

...expanding our ability to study and understand the complex interworking of the 86 billion neurons in the human...requires the much less efficient double stranded templates, rather than the more efficient single-stranded...cellular protein. They used CRISPR with a ssODN template to introduce the small wrmScarlet11 which is less...speed across these different cell types. In one example, H2B-FT was expressed in murine B cells (BaF3),...

...EnvA receptor (TVA) in user-defined cells. For example, a researcher can deliver Cre-dependent TVA to ...optogenetic or chemogenetic receptors) enables complex control of specifically defined neuronal populations...how newly generated neurons integrate into the complex pre-existing circuit of the brain. Another study...circuitry, and continue to contribute answers to the complex questions of how the brain operates. References...

... parents. Here’s how to cross mice, using a simple example with the goal is to generate mice that have...expressing strains Cre-lox strains are a common example of mice that are derived from crosses. In Part ...With this two-part guide to mouse modeling now complete, you should be prepared to plan an experimental...

... resources and tools. That message was fully exemplified in Cori Bargmann’s keynote speech and in the ...vectors that each contains a guide RNA and repair template of your choosing (Schwartz and Jorgensen, 2016...Schwartz and Jorgensen, 2018).  These are just some examples of worm resources and tools openly shared by the...Hammarlund, Marc, et al. "The CeNGEN Project: The Complete Gene Expression Map of an Entire Nervous System...

...titers measure the amount of viral particles in a sample and are usually based on the presence of a viral...however, is that a p24 ELISA measures all p24 in the sample regardless of whether or not it is incorporated...quantify the amount of PCR product that comes from amplification of the original plasmid which can over-inflate...measures infectious viral particles. One of the si mplest methods of measuring functional titer uses FACS...

...modification is chromatin remodeling. Chromatin is a complex of DNA and histone proteins that compacts cellular...different disease phenotypes, are two fascinating examples of epigenetics in the form of imprinting. In imprinting...hypomethylation, on the other hand, has also been implicated in the development and progression of cancer ...have huge impacts in the way we study and treat complex or multifactorial diseases, enabling faster diagnosis...

...fluorescence when a small magnet was passed over the sample (Frank Hayward et al., 2024). The fluorescence ...intensity decreased whenever the magnet approached the sample (by less than 1%) and recovered after the magnet...expressing MagLOV while a magnet is waved under the sample. The imaged area measures approximately 82 mm across...Timmel, C. R., & Hore, P. J. (2016). Chemical amplification of magnetic field effects relevant to avian ...

... helper viruses like adenovirus (Ad) or herpes simplex virus to facilitate efficient replication. The ...purify your rAAV from your supernatant, you can simply use polyethylene glycol (PEG). We add 25 mL of ...known titer on every qPCR run. Note that the rAAV sample has to be digested with DNase before undergoing...Absolute determination of single-stranded and self-complementary adeno-associated viral vector genome titers ...

...signals are integral to many facets of biology. For example, many heart issues stem from the heart beating ...detailed below. Voltage Sensitive Domain (VSD) GEVIs Simply put, VSD-based sensors consist of a VSD fused to...naturally occurring voltage indicator. To give an example, a genetically encoded phosphatase (voltage sensing...then localize and emit signal from. This specific example is attractive due to the large number of sheer ...

...difficulty answering questions. Or perhaps you’re simply attending, but uncertain how to capitalize on your...criticism, and ask thought-provoking questions. For example, if you’re a virologist presenting at the American...like to say to help build your presentation. For example, when thinking about discussing a figure, jot down...guilty of this, and have many times answered a completely different question than the intended one. Take...