...JAT, Callaway EM (2007) Monosynaptic Restriction of Transsynaptic Tracing from Single, Genetically Targeted...Why pseudotype? Lentiviruses and retroviruses typically target immune cells with their wild-type envelopes...out this review article published in Reviews in Medical Virology (Li et a., 2018).   Figure 2:...6178.1997 Wickersham IR, Finke S, Conzelmann K-K, Callaway EM (2006) Retrograde neuronal tracing with a deletion-mutant...

...studying biochemistry at the University of Southern California. He is also an intern at the Yang Lab of the ...transposon-encoded CRISPR/Cas systems in bacteria, specifically on optimizing strains with low efficiency.   ...of Sciences. He joined Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences in 2000 and became a professor in Synthetic...reprogramming of cells to understand the genetic and biochemical mechanisms behind their distinct phenotypes and...generation of engineered cells for green chemistry and biomedical applications.   Yiwen Zhang entered the Sheng...

...expression limiting regulatory elements or use a non-canonical code (Gustafsson et al., 2004), such as Hoogsten...recognize multiple synonymous codons) may actually be critical for determining the rate of translation. The ribosome...10.1101/gr.139758.112 Mauro VP, Chappell SA (2014) A critical analysis of codon optimization in human therapeutics... GluCl ion channel genes for mammalian cells dramatically improves expression levels. Journal of Neuroscience...synthetic? How Addgene;s dataset reveals trends in biological innovation Resources on Addgene.org Check out...

...regions and allocate specific functions to them. Electrical recordings and lesioning studies have been essential...within the LC of mice. When those neurons are chemogenetically activated, norepinephrine release causes a...an enhanced propensity for movement and activity called locomotor sensitization. This enhanced movement...responsible for the antidepressant effect. To specifically activate the Drd1 neurons, they injected AAV2... "Hypothalamic CNTF volume transmission shapes cortical noradrenergic excitability upon acute stress."...

...FRET during a journal club, my guitarist brain automatically thought about the raised element found on the...interactions in living cells using a microscope. Historically, molecular interactions were detected by indirect...know or interact with each other. FRET reduced the scale of our perception about molecular interactions. ...Periasamy defined FRET as "a distance-dependent physical process by which energy is transferred non-radiatively...FRET) microscopy imaging of live cell protein localizations. J Cell Biol. 2003 Mar 3;160(5):629-33. ...

... RT-qPCR tests to diagnose COVID-19 and some serological tests to determine past exposure. However, the...rapid detection.  Highlights: Cas13a is not catalytically active in the presence of two or more mismatches... copies RNA targets in a 40 min incubation. A scalable, easy-to-deploy, protocol for Cas13-based detection...available and less expensive. Instead of using the typical PCR machines, the authors use affordable, field-ready..., Acosta-Alvear, D., & Wilson, M. Z. (2020). A Scalable, Easy-to-Deploy, Protocol for Cas13-Based Detection...

...set of transferable skills, coupled with your technical skills, can open new career opportunities for ...conflict can also be good. In science, a reviewer’s critical comments on your manuscript is a form of (hopefully...scientist. And some amount of conflict is actually critical in the business world. Companies and organizations...aspects of customer support each team “owns” is critical for day-to-day operations and keeping our customers...especially people with whom you strongly disagree, is a critical component of conflict resolution. Having empathy...

...insights into the complicated physical organization of the brain and other biological systems. Interested in ...deletions are defined using 2 loxP variants (only identical loxP sites can mediate recombination.) The deletions... preventing further recombination. Brainbow-1.1 scales up the system to four fluorescent proteins, with...homeostasis results from neutral competition between symmetrically dividing Lgr5 stem cells. Snippert HJ, van der...

...target specific tissues, even when administered systemically, without causing disease? Recombinant adeno-...genomic structure of AAV2, so they are formally called rAAV2/1, rAAV2/2, and so on, although we often ...in-stock viral prep service.  AAV5 AAV5 is the most genetically distinct AAV. Though AAV5 is one of many serotypes...on the AAV capsid. Molecular Therapy. Methods & Clinical Development, 26, 331–342. https://doi.org/10.1016...is required for gene transfer. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276(23), 20610–20616. https://doi....

...without their problems, but much genetic and physiological data have been accumulated over the years using...check out our Mouse Modeling blog posts: Part 1: Genetically Engineered Mice and Part 2: Breeding and Crossing...into the oviduct of pregnant females, a technique called Genome editing via Oviductal Nucleic Acids Delivery...small mutations with HDR, when it comes to larger scale genome editing, such as replacement of a mouse gene...nice to your microinjectionist, who has the strategically important job of delivering the payload! Last...

...lab, or tissue culture as it is commonly called, is a critical tool for many scientists. Mammalian cells...AAV preparation. For detailed instructions and calculations on how to prepare a plasmid stock used to generate...cells provide scientists with the means to study biological processes on the cellular level instead of having...

...completing her PhD in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering with Harry Gray at Caltech, Crystal moved on to a Postdoc...Investigator III at Novartis, a multinational pharmaceutical company based in Switzerland. After completing...scientific teams at the Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research to develop novel biologics for the treatment...

...Addgene podcast, we sit down with Alex Chavez, a Clinical Fellow in Pathology at Masachusetts General Hospital...Church and Collins labs at the Wyss institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering. Alex is the first MD PhD...and explains why he loved the first 2 years of medical school. 7:05 - 10:55 : Alex's focus during graduate...postdoc 12:01 - 13:21 : The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and why Alex decided to...

...use as a genetic engineering tool is frequently called recombineering - short for homologous recombination-mediated...insert site (Figure 2, top).  These primers are typically ~70 nucleotides long (20 nucleotides that anneal...fragments, such as gene replacements and tags.  The typical frequency of recombinants is 1 positive clone out...efficiency than the other and you’ll find out empirically which is the lagging strand. ssDNA substrate ...below).  Controlling expression of Red proteins is critical for minimizing the toxic effects of Gam expression...

...networks in biological systems. NGS will also play significantly into the realm of clinical therapeutic...validation process, also known as CRISPR genotyping, is critical to demonstrating causal relationships between ... forms of off-target analysis in order to meet clinical approval. It is key to maintain a consistent set...the detection of KRAS mutations: diagnostic and clinical implications." The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics...

... is necessary for bacterial transformation of chemically and electrocompetent cells is minimal (picogram...nucleic acids (genomic DNA and RNA), proteins and chemical contaminants that have been used during the purification... preparations for this technique must be larger scale, to allow the extraction of enough plasmid to last...addition to being free of any nucleic acid and chemical contaminants, these DNA samples must also be entirely...

...in Plasmids 101, tags can help you determine localization of a protein of interest, purify it, or determine...major caveat - a tag may interfere with protein localization and/or function, so each tagged protein must...proteins found that 20% of tagged proteins did not localize similarly to their untagged counterparts. These...fluorescent-protein tagging show high correlation for protein localization in mammalian cells." Nature methods 10.4 (2013...

...metabolites that are dynamically secreted by muscle during exercise to meet the brain’s physiological demands,” ...protects the brain from depression. Mice that are genetically modified to produce extra PGC-1a1 only in their..., the brain is protected from stress-induced biochemical changes that could otherwise lead to depression...

...Emeritus at UCSF. Dr. Bourne has some radical (and some not so radical) suggestions for defining the problem... training too many scientists and some propose radical changes to the way we view the graduate school ...University founded a successful consulting company called The Balsa Group. University of Pennsylvania has...

...paper-based, affordable, and portable microscope called the ‘foldscope’ (Dr. Prakash, Stanford University...as conventional microscopes and give a similar optical quality (magnification of 140X and 2 micron resolution...I have worked many hours in a dark room with a confocal microscope, yet I was once again fascinated by...them. Addgene depositor Dr. Mikhail Shapiro from Caltech presented an exciting way of listening to microbes...