...attaching only one member of the Zdk/LOV2 pair to the target protein, and the other to the membrane where the ...trafficking signals to localize opsins to the cell membrane. Microbial opsins, such as those described below...conductance at physiological pH and traffics well to the membrane. Excitatory (Depolarizing) ChR Variants The optogenetic...from Kir2.1 and ER export signal provide improved membrane targeting 589 Archaerhodopsins Arch Light-activated...experimental contexts, including protein activation, membrane localization, and transcriptional activation. ...reversibly sequestering targets into large, optically assembled protein architectures in living mammalian cells...light-inducible dimers; Bacterial SsrA peptide is embedded in the LOV2 domain (iLID plasmid), while its natural...