We narrowed to 563 results for: cat.3
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TypeBlog Post...-TTN, differing from that of Cas9 (3’-NGG) in both genomic location and GC-content. After sequencing and...PMID: 27918548. Find plasmids from this publication at Addgene. 3. Kim, Daesik, et al. Genome-wide analysis...for a surprise! Whereas Cas9 generates blunt ends 3 nt upstream of the PAM site, Cpf1 cleaves in a staggered... AT-rich regions or AT-rich genomes that lack the 3’-NGG PAM sites favored by SpCas9. Since Cpf1 doesn...Cpf1 activity, except when they were present in the 3’ end of the target sequence (bases 19-23). Cpf1 is...gRNA positions 1, 8, 9, and 19-23. Accordingly, the 3’ end of the gRNA target sequence does not have an ...decrease in Cpf1 activity with 4-6 base deletions at the 3’ end of the target sequence. Figure 2: Effects...
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Tips for a 1st Time CRISPR User (by a 1st Time CRISPR User)
TypeBlog Post...thing ask incredulously, “You seriously didn’t add 3 microliters of 5 mM star anise?” This is something...expression was across the different cells (Figure 3). Figure 2: Cas9 expression in monoclonal...stable cell pool were then expanded for an additional 3 weeks under blasticidin selection. Anti-Cas9 Western... control (WT). Vinculin is a loading control. 3. In terms of making the monoclonal line: I had never...with many additional tips can be found here. Figure 3: A surprise for the author. Checking Cas9 expression...would still be able to identify the cleavage product. 3. The Surveyor kit had a lot of good tips for first...from control (GFP gRNA-targeted) BRAF sites (lanes 3, 4) were used as controls. Duplexes were generated... -
Technique: Probe Phage Genomes for Host Binding Proteins
TypeBlog Post...spending time with her horse, and wondering what her cat is thinking. Find her on Twitter @JessicaSacher. ... step involves digesting phage genomic DNA into 1-3 kb (approximately gene-sized) fragments so that these...bulk of resultant fragments falling between 1 and 3 kb results in optimal likelihood of capturing a whole...filter paper and saturate each with lysis solution (~3 ml each), pouring off any excess. When your protein...Expression Vectors in the FX Cloning System Kit Step 3: Probe random phage DNA fragments with live host cells...PMID: 27536293. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4971087. 3. Simpson, David J., Jessica C. Sacher, and Christine..." Chemical Reviews (2016). PubMed PMID: 27319741. 3. Simpson, David J., Jessica C. Sacher, and Christine... -
Visualizing Translation at the Single Molecule Level
TypeBlog Post...TRICK system, the 3’ UTR of the reporter mRNA is labeled by PCP-mCherry (Figure 2). The 3’ UTR also contains...protein (NLS-PCP-GFP) an RFP protein that binds to the 3’ UTR of the reporter mRNA via an MS2 coat protein ...multiple hairpin sequences into the coding sequence and 3’ UTR. Before beginning experiments, it’s important...PMC4451088 Find plasmids from this paper at Addgene. 3. Yan, Xiaowei, et al. “Dynamics of Translation of ... While ribosome profiling co-opts the physical location of the ribosome, TRICK (Translating RNA Imaging...development, the osk-TRICK reporter was double labeled, indicating translational repression. During later stages...ribosomes after initiation, to calculate a ribosome translocation rate of ~3.5 codons/second. They also explored... -
Harnessing TnpB for Genome Editing: A Compact and Versatile Tool for Your Research
TypeBlog Post...TTGAT-3′, while TnpB from Deinococcus geothermalis (Dge10TnpB) targets a different TAM (5′-TTAT-3′). The...Cas12a PAM sites. For Cas9, the PAM is located just downstream (3′ end) of the target sequence, while for...: Colony Screening Use Primer 92F (5′-cattacgcaattggacgacaac-3′) and Oligo 2 (specific to your target...-nt Guide Sequence Identify a TAM site (5′-TTGAT-3′) in your target gene. Choose a 20-nt sequence immediately...and pKb-TnpB2, and guide design rules. Step 3: Vector Digestion Digest either pK-TnpB1 or pK-TnpB2...successful insertion. Step 6: Confirmation Pick 2–3 positive colonies, grow them, and extract plasmids...-strand breaks like those created by Cas12a. Applications of TnpB One of the major challenges in genome... -
Plasmids 101: Terminators and PolyA signals
TypeBlog Post...transcribed, and typically occur directly after any 3’ regulatory elements, such as the polyadenylation ...is non-specific and can be added to any accessible 3' end. The presence of the poly(A) tail targets the...to the presence of additional helper sequences (2-3). As alluded to above, termination and polyadenylation...releases the mRNA from the polymerase and creates a free 3' end which is now available for polyadenylation. The...Landick R. Bacterial Transcription Terminators: The RNA 3′-End Chronicles. Journal of molecular biology. 2011...are required for efficient rabbit beta-globin mRNA 3' end formation. Cell. 1987. PMID: 3568131. Hager ...type are generally broken down into two broad categories, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, based on the functional... -
Adenoviral Vector Production and Troubleshooting
TypeBlog Post...Gutless AdV can be found in reference 3. Production, amplification, and quality control of 2nd generation...size, and consists of an icosahedral capsid made of 3 types of proteins: fiber, penton and hexon proteins...sequenced to confirm its integrity. Initial production (2-3 weeks) - Here you’ll produce the primary recombinant... will turn yellow. Do NOT change the media (add 2-3 mL of fresh media once a week), and do NOT harvest...infected cells will become round and clump together ~3 days post infection. The amplified virus can be harvested...al. A practical guide for using the AdEasy System. 3. Jager, Lorenz, et al. "A rapid protocol for construction...Each round of amplification should result in a 10-100-fold increase in virus. Purification (2 days) - Purification... -
CRISPR Protocol for Genomic Deletions in Mammalian Cell Lines [Video]
TypeBlog Post...between deletion size and frequency [3]. There are several applications in which the production of deletions...to deletions following paired DSBs is inversions [3]. These rearranged segments may also be informative...is likely to bear an indel or inversion mutation [3]. In the CRISPR era, the genomic landscape may be ...level. Science 2013 Oct 11;342(6155):253-257. PubMed. 3. Canver MC, Bauer DE, Dass A, Yien YY, Chung J, Masuda... of Visualized Experiments (JOVE). The video publication by Stuart Orkin and Daniel Bauer's labs details...useful to study haploinsufficiency. Subsequent modifications at the remaining allele within the deletion ... -
CRISPR 101: Targeting RNA with Cas13a (C2c2)
TypeBlog Post... 53 potential candidate genes that fell into 3 categories based on the architecture of the CRISPR protein...analogous to the PAM sequence for Cas9, is located at the 3’ end of the spacer sequence and consists of...C2c2 and C2c3 (short for Class 2, candidate 1, 2, or 3). C2c1 and C2c3 are related to Cpf1, but they require...with 5' overhangs Cas13a (C2c2) 2x HEPN crRNA RNA 3' A, U, or C (not required by all orthologs) Specific...27669025. Find plasmids from this paper at Addgene. 3. Gootenberg, Jonathan S., et al. "Nucleic acid detection...Orthogonal Type VI-A CRISPR-Cas Enzymes. " Mol Cell. 66(3) (2017):373-83. PubMed PMID: 28475872. Find plasmids...use, functional in most species, and has many applications. That said, SpCas9 is not the only game in town... -
Sleeping Beauty Awakens for Genome Engineering
TypeBlog Post... Genet. 2009 Jun;41(6):753-61. Epub 2009 May 3. PubMed. 3. Singh H, et al. A new approach to gene therapy...an endonuclease reaction occurs which cuts the DNA.3.) The released transposon can now bind a strand of... overhangs depending upon whether they are on the 3’ or 5’ end of the gene of interest allowing for insertion... Specifically, viruses are able to infect and replicate in host cells, but they are susceptible to cells... though not all, of these defenses. For some applications of genome engineering - such as certain forms...to integrate. Additionally, the TA sequence is duplicated near the gene of interest insertion site. The...1) an SB transposase, the enzyme required for catalysis of transposition; and 2) a transposon containing... -
Rosella: A Fluorescent pH-Biosensor for Studying Autophagy
TypeBlog Post...Monitoring Autophagy from Yeast to Human. Autophagy,3(3), 181-206. doi:10.4161/auto.3678. PubMed PMID:17224625...PMID: 26215030. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4517063. 3. Mizushima, N., Yoshimori, T., & Levine, B. (2010)...Methods in Mammalian Autophagy Research. Cell,140(3), 313-326. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.028. PubMed ...17224625. 5. Noda, T., & Klionsky, D. J. (2008). Chapter 3 The Quantitative Pho8Δ60 Assay of Nonspecific Autophagy...radioactivity in the culture supernatant (this is indicative of protein degradation). To control for protein...studying autophagy. This method relies on the identification of autophagic structures based on morphology... -
Communicating Your Science With Help From ComSciCon
TypeBlog Post... or not you’ve succeeded in communicating the information you intended. 3. Join the scicomm community ... who are passionate about communicating science. ComSciCon's events have 3 main goals: To help graduate... the Communicating Science Conference series for graduate students. I believe that communication is the...skill in science communication over time. Like most skills, great science communication comes with practice...able to communicate with their colleagues and peers. Scientists also need to be able to communicate to expert...need to communicate with non-scientists, to establish broader impacts for their work in education and policy...with opportunities to practice communicating. Some fantastic K12 education initiatives like BiteScis (https... -
pCXLE toolkit: Efficient episomal plasmid-based method to reprogram peripheral blood cells to iPSCs
TypeBlog Post...are closer to hiPSCs than age-matched fibroblasts [3]. These advantages make PBMCs the ideal source of...yielded hiPSCs at a low efficiency (0.001-0.03%) [3, 9]. In 2011, Chou et al. generated a mixture of two...PMID: 27579041. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4989082. 3. Chou, B.K., et al., Efficient human iPS cell derivation...and gene expression signatures. Cell Res, 2011. 21(3): p. 518-29. PubMed PMID: 21243013. PubMed Central... and peripheral blood cells. Stem Cells, 2013. 31(3): p. 458-66. PubMed PMID: 23193063. 8. Ehrhardt, A...vectors for gene therapy. Curr Gene Ther, 2008. 8(3): p. 147-61. PubMed PMID: 18537590. 9. Mack, A.A.,... OriP and induces amplification of the episomes concurrently with DNA amplification in the host cell. ... -
A Needle in a Base-Stack: Cas9 Structural Biology
TypeBlog Post...., 2022), indicating that there is more to learn about this process! Figure 3: Crystal structure...so crystal structures like those in Figures 2 and 3 don’t show these regions, even if they are present...other into the “closed” conformation shown in Figure 3. Though Cas9 is not a static molecule in any binding... RNA in this structure does not include stem loop 3, and guide RNA nucleotides 11-20 are not resolved ...required for Cas9 nuclease function. Stem loops 2 and 3 are not strictly necessary for in vitro cleavage, ...-20 are disordered and don’t appear in the Figure 3 crystal structure, reflecting the less stringent recognition...mismatches in this region. The crystal structure in Figure 3 shows the guide RNA stabilizing the DNA-binding protein... -
The Addgene Antibody Data Hub
TypeBlog Post...included in a publication, you'll find that information in the report as well. Figure 3: An antibody...methods section for the data report shown in Figure 3. At the end of the report, you’ll find a results...Figure 5: Results for the data report shown in Figure 3. The antibody is rated "Pass". Curating the data ...very little data on which might work in your application. It can be quite difficult to decide on which...be searched and sorted by gene/target, name, application, pass/fail rating, sample species, antibody species... how the antibody performed in the submitted application, along with a brief description of the experiment... section will vary slightly depending on the application — flow cytometry, western blot, immunohistochemistry... -
Three Tips for Preventing Viral Plasmid Recombination in Your Samples
TypeBlog Post...lentiviral vector plasmid in Escherichia coli Stbl3. 3 Biotech 3:61–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-012-0070...be >12 kb. However if it recombines at the 5’ and 3’ LTR regions, it splits into two smaller plasmids.... Figure 2: An uncut plasmid is expected to form 3 bands: nicked, linear, and supercoiled. Here we find... (AmpR) and origins of replication (ori and f1 ori) which allow it to replicate. How can I prevent...the bacterial selection marker and origin of replication. During bacterial culture, only the plasmid with...the antibiotic resistance gene and origin will replicate, and the transgene will be lost. Over time, bacteria...the recombined plasmid is still visible. This indicates that the DNA prep contains a mixture of the full... -
Plasmid Preps: Different Purity, Different Quantities, Different Uses
TypeBlog Post...premises we can classify a plasmid preparation in 3 different ways: Transformation grade DNA Cloning ...be extracted from small bacterial cultures (i.e. 2-3 ml) with or without commercially available kits and... backbone. Transfection grade DNA Figure 3: Need to introduce plasmids into mammalian cells? ...that have been used during the purification procedure. Good indicators of DNA purity are the absorbance...nm should fall ~1.8 - 2 and give scientists an indication of purity versus protein contaminants. The 260...nm ratios should fall ~2 - 2.2, and provide an indication of purity versus chaotropic agents as guanidine... -
Important Considerations When Using AAVs
TypeBlog Post...which cell type? Location (3): Traveling from the original location - Axonal Transport in the CNS What...regions where other serotypes may perform better (3). Brain Region Optimal Serotype Striatum AAV5...(5), AAV6 (6) and AAV5 at excitatory connections (3). These facts beg the question: is axonal transport...Once thawed, the AAV aliquot should be used quickly. 3. Patience Is Bitter, but Its Fruit Is Sweet Time If... be determined what gene expression looks like at 3 days vs 7 days vs 14 days etc. To decrease the time...type of research, as they are safe to use in vivo. 3) The use of AAVs in humans AAVs are already being ...Therapy 16.6 (2008): 1073-1080. PubMed PMID: 18414476. 3. Aschauer, Dominik F., Sebastian Kreuz, and Simon ... -
Plasmids 101: Dimers and Multimers
TypeBlog Post...bands at ~3.6 kb and ~1.1 kb (lane 3). Uncut DNA (lane 2) has a band at <3 kb, which corresponds to the supercoiled.... Mol Biotechnol. 2008 Nov;40(3):252-60. doi: 10.1007/s12033-008-9082-3. Epub 2008 Jul 8. PMID: 18607781...plasmid sample. Troubleshooting Tips Figure 3. Summary of plasmid multimerization troubleshooting...9(4 PT 2):707-16. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90134-3. PMID: 797459. Berg CM, Liu L, Coon M, Strausbaugh...Behavior of Plasmid DNA. Microbiol Spectr. 2015 Apr;3(2):10.1128/microbiolspec.PLAS-0036-2014. doi: 10.1128...additional origins of replication compared to monomers, they are also able to replicate at a higher frequency...expected fragments for that plasmid. This phenomenon indicates the presence of a multimer. Fig. 1:... -
Rett Syndrome
TypeCollection...: a review of the epidemiology. J Pediatric . 148(3):347-352. (Link opens in a new window) PMID: 16615965... disruptions, missense mutations located in the MBD, and truncations prior to the NID are more severe ...even within patients with the same mutation, the location and type of MECP2 mutation can be a strong predictor...Line Mutation (DNA) Background Strain Purpose Publication PI Mecp2 NLucTom Knock-in of NLuc-tdTomato at...DNA) Mutation (protein) Sex Source of Material Publication PI N126I A377T N126I M Fibroblasts & iPSC (Link...