... to develop a spatiotemporal view of an immune response, but the study of these dynamics was still laborious...measurements of cellular motility, interactions, and response dynamics. In the past 15 years efforts have been...understand T cell initiation in the adaptive immune response. It was known that T cells were able to extravasate... monocytes patrol blood vessels during immune responses (Auffray et al. 2007, Finsterbusch et al. 2016...specificities have to be taken into consideration especially in the use of fluorescent proteins to track cellular...their degradation within labelled cells limits the timespan available for tracking certain cell types. Another...dendritic cells within the skin and lymph node respectively. The permanent labelling of cells using cre-...

...acute immune responses that eliminate early stage cancer cells, chronic inflammatory responses can augment...naturally interacts with tumors and cancer. The immune response to the development of tumors is a complicated ...and dynamic phenomenon that is interestingly responsible for tumor reduction as well as progression. Dunn...augment tumor growth. Indeed, lasting responses to viral infections have resulted in the onset of cancer. ...chemical activity, and consists of other cell types, especially immune cells and cells of epithelial origin. ...the reasons antibodies may result in a lack of response. Antibodies targeting the tumor-augmenting cytokines...placed upon it by its environment and the body’s response to it. Within the tumor, this results in frequent...

..., giving rise to the same cellular responses. The cellular response set off by a DREADD depends on what...noninvasive method for manipulating cell activity, especially neuronal firing. What is chemogenetics? Chemogenetics... cell signaling pathways and can lead to such responses as decreased heart rate (Redfern et al., 1999)...cells. Targeted and specific delivery becomes especially important for studies in neuroscience where specific...you choose is largely dependent on what cellular response you aim to manipulate. It is important to consider...consider that the same receptor can elicit different responses depending on what cell type it is expressed in...receptors (GPCRs), that have been reprogrammed to respond only to inert, nonnative ligands. However, they...

...They will respect you if you show respect for your own career and it will teach them to respect their own...own responsibilities. Another tip: don’t miss your grandfather’s 100th birthday, as your mom will never... the evening, or in a few years) when life responsibilities are less You can work at home sometimes, but... the burden alone You, alone, are not solely responsible for care and attention to your home and family...doctor without your help. Your partner is equally responsible and capable. The only exception is that men cannot...that extra two miles which is way more fun. And despite those who may wish to tell you so – towel corners...

...and is better localized for synaptic glutamate response. They generated variants optimized for different...two-photon microscopy. The resulting JEDI-2P has faster response kinetics and increased brightness, sensitivity...high-throughput screen, selected for increased voltage response, brightness, and photostability. It enables sustained...Matlashov et al. 2022). iGECInano displays better response kinetics and photochemical characteristics than...samples. Higher affinity isn’t always better, especially if it means operating at the outer edge of the...and KRaION2 have Kd around 70 mM and 100 mM, respectively. Introducing mutations and using potassium-binding...metabolism under various conditions. LiLac has improved response size and reduced sensitivity to pH and calcium...

...To respond to environmental conditions, cells must be able to detect extracellular stimuli. One way they...signaling cascades, inducing different cellular responses. One of the biggest advantages of such a tool ...specific transducer complexes that are activated in response to a ligand binding a GPCR of interest. How does...localization of the Rluc8 insertion within the Gα. Despite exhaustive refinement, it was not possible to generate...level of GFP2 emission. Following activation in response to the ligand, the complex will disassociate, ...for both well-studied and understudied GPCRs in response to different agonists. These studies showed the...more complete understanding of a GPCR mediated response.  Acknowledgements Special thanks to Jeff DiBerto...

...ultimately responsible for outcomes. Be ready to support your team and take responsibility if things go...series on Management for scientists. Once you are responsible for managing others you will only be successful...you become a master at delegating tasks and responsibilities. The manager is not expected to DO all the...experience? Do you think you are giving this responsibility to someone who can do the job. It is good to...sure it goes well? As with most managerial responsibilities, good communication is at the heart of delegating...boundaries. Where are the lines of authority, responsibility and accountability? What types of issues do...

...address as soon as possible!” and I always begin my responses asking for more specifics. We can help you faster...email you’re writing is probably not directly responsible for the problem. We’re here to help. You've ... back at 1PM asking why you haven’t received a response, just keep in mind that our customer support scientists...do go longer than a few days without getting a response, however, consider following up. Ask for a timeline...timeline if you are not given one. Though an initial response should be fairly fast, getting the full answer... are unsatisfied with the nature or speed of a response, let your customer service agent know (nicely,...contact customer service deserve prompt, courteous responses. No one is likely to look forward to contacting...

... tags for single-molecule biophysics Fast and responsive voltage indicator ONE-GO biosensors kit Antibodies....org/10.1101/2024.12.20.629623.  A fast and responsive voltage indicator with enhanced sensitivity for...collaborators recently created ASAP5, a faster and more responsive genetically-encoded voltage indicator (GEVI) ...ASAP5 selected for its improved kinetics and responsivity in screening ASAP3 variants. B) Electrical and...regimes with fast activation kinetics and high responsivity near the resting membrane potential, ASAP5 is...., Zhang, G., … Lin, M. Z. (2024). A fast and responsive voltage indicator with enhanced sensitivity for...varying conditions, revealing context-dependent responses and molecular patterns of selectivity. With 10...

...perform in vivo CRISPR screens to assess T cell responses and clonal dynamics in lymph nodes (LN) and tumor...genes that regulate antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses to a murine tumor model in vivo. In this screen...out 30 genes putatively involved in CD8+ T cell responses to cancer. The screen recovered known regulators...identified putative novel regulators of CD8+ T cell responses in tumors, demonstrating that this system can ...Ovalbumin, into cell lines to study antigen-specific responses. Find FITS plasmids here! Marty LaFleur is a Postdoctoral...School and is interested in improving CD8+ T cell responses to cancer.   References and resources Milling...

...to insufficient and non-standard record keeping despite scientist’s best efforts. We all have software ...different ELN features, ranging from whether respondents saw them as not important to very important. ...limited budgets, “a large percentage of survey respondents indicated that cost was a significant barrier...system within their institution. In the study, respondents were also asked about how important ease of use...from paper to digital for example): “… 99% of respondents indicated that ease of use would influence their...trails. How does the ELN provider protect and respect your IP rights and data ownership? IP and data ...this interaction will give you an idea of how responsive and supportive the ELN team is. Once you’ve made...

...wasting leading to death at around 30 years of age. Despite the amount of research conducted on DMD, there ...proof of concept treatment, as the disease is especially well suited for genome editing. The homology-... used the shorter SaCas9 with AAV8 and AAV9, respectively. Although each study used slightly different...percentage of muscle cells throughout the body, especially stem cells 2. Remove any immunogenicity of the... last, and more importantly, if it does extend lifespan. This work should be done in mouse and large animal...long period of time. High fidelity Cas9s such as eSpCas9 and SpCas9-HF should be explored to reduce off-...editing. Short-term CRISPR expression would be especially desirable, as it would reduce the potential of...

...behavior is not done in response to any specific stimulus. While the escape response neural pathway is well...narrow down the possible specific neurons responsible for the response based on the overlap between groups....subsequent effects on behavior. The system is an especially powerful tool for in vivo behavioral studies ...photostimulation in order to drive the full symmetrical response.  The function of Kolmer-Agduhr cells had previously...

...low salary I might add). You have a right and responsibility to choose a lab where you can thrive and do...spend a day or two hanging out around the lab and especially try to attend a lab meeting. Observe how the ...the lab members treat one another (especially those low on the totem pole). Can you see yourself enjoying... hope to grow.  Find mentors who take their responsibility to train you seriously. Why work for someone...allocation of meaningless tasks, removal of responsibility, repeated reminders of blunders, setting target...signs while interviewing: Lab members speak disrespectfully of supervisors and/or each other. You are not...equipment quotes? Understand administrative responsibilities? Is the work (topic and/or technical aspects...

...antibody as well as the role it plays in an immune response. But what is an isotype? How many are there? Why...isotypes also appear at different stages of an immune response. There are three main pathogen clearing functions...This isotype is produced during a primary immune response because all B cells begin by expressing IgM. IgM... predominant isotype during a secondary immune response, which is when the immune system encounters  an...IgM and IgD antibodies, but later in an immune response, the variable region of an antibody is paired ...helps B cells adapt during the course of an immune response since it also changes the effector function of...

...CRISPR systems can be as confusing as reading Shakespeare for the first time. The discovery and application... systems now seem neatly organized into their respective categories, arriving at a consensus was not as...hierarchy: class to type to subtype to variant. Despite the seemingly complicated steps to arrive at this...largely underutilized compared to Class 2. Class 1 Despite their incredible abundance, Class 1 CRISPR systems...accessory Cas proteins in the Cascade complex. Despite a tenuous grasp on how type III systems function... III-E effector was developed, called Cas7-11. Despite being in Class 1, Cas7-11 is a single protein effector...Harrington, L. B., Burstein, D., Chen, J. S., Paez-Espino, D., Ma, E., Witte, I. P., Cofsky, J. C., Kyrpides...

... of known concentration and measure a specific response as a function of the concentration. You then plot... the concentration of the standards versus the response and use that information to extrapolate the concentration...create a standard curve, you graph the measured response of the serially diluted standard as a function...concentration of the unknown sample based on its measured response. An example of this is shown in Figure 2.   ...limits of the instrument being used to measure the response. The dynamic range needs to be wide enough to ...concentrations but suffers from decreased specificity, especially as it approaches the minimum and maximum thresholds...

...effects of ART. Why can’t the body mount an immune response to destroy these reservoirs? Essentially, the ...system doesn’t see any threat to which it should respond. Latently infected cells evade immune detection...die, either through cytotoxicity or the immune response. The second strategy is the simple removal of ... apoptosis, indicating a true “shock and kill” response. Cutting HIV-1 out of the genome with CRISPR/Cas9... all of the target cells. This goal may prove especially difficult given that the viral reservoir spans...strategy may be a better option than direct cleavage. Despite the potential difficulties in translating these...

...Boyden et al., 2005; Deisseroth et al., 2006). Despite its relatively recent development, the history ...cell membranes and maintain membrane potential in response to visible light (Zhang et al., 2011). What do...expression and low ability to induce innate immune responses (Fenno et al., 2011). However, rAAVs lack the ...defined recognition sites (i.e., loxP and FRT, respectively) (Abremski and Hoess, 1984; Van Duyne, 2001;... is inserted in the antisense orientation with respect to the promoter to prevent its expression, and ... "Diversity of dopaminergic neural circuits in response to drug exposure." Neuropsychopharmacology 41.10...

...of fluorescent responses. Studies on the kinetics of these sensors showed rapid response (60 or 130 ms ...submicromolar) DA affinity and high-magnitude responses (increases in fluorescence) at low concentrations... or 2.5 s off, for mouse or human receptors, respectively). Using GRABDA sensors in experiments The Li...neuron in vivo in Drosophila Detect DA dynamics in response to a threatening looming stimulus in vivo in transgenic...