We narrowed to 903 results for: nes

...Research the brightness of your fluorophores before buying and try to inversely pair brightness with abundance...sensitive moment.   Fig 1: Blugene fading into darkness because they accidentally left their antibodies...Type Westerns and ELISAs mostly use HRP, a chemiluminescent conjugate that can be activated to emit light...we'll keep it simple. If you follow the two basic guidelines below, you’ll likely be able to create a small...small, usable panel.  First, fluorophores vary in brightness. You don’t want a super-bright fluorophore, like...good match for your experiments, and avoid the awkwardness of getting the right antibody with the wrong ... Boston University Flow Core. Fluorochromes Brightness Chart. Boston University Flow Core. Retrieved...

...achieve success in this business. A good presentation can help win a business plan competition and advance...LabSpaces Blog Find a Buisness Plan Competition Good Relations - PR for the Biotech Business - Posted on Nature.com... Dr. Mike Koeris, co-founder and current VP of Business Development & Operations of Sample6, for advice...2009 and tested in the “market” by competing in business plan competitions. After much learning, the focus... investors to the next stage of diligence." In business competitions everything is conceptual, and the...focusing on concept development and participating in business competitions. When the team was unable to secure...became first COO, then moved on to become VP of Business Development & Operations. Starting a biotech...

... and release IL-36 cytokines. Keratinocytes are the main source of IL-36 cytokines in the skin making ...surrounding IL-36 biology. “Little is known how IL-36 cytokines actually get out of keratinocytes and induce their...researcher at University Hospital Zurich. IL-36 cytokines are a potent inducer of an autoinflammatory loop...Congratulations Mark Mellett! Siddharth Prakash: X chromosome genes involved in Turner syndrome Turner syndrome (TS)...can lead to cardiac developmental defects. Eight genes from the X chromosome are expressed at significantly...from Addgene, the lab will express these candidate genes in TS iPSCs to identify whether any rescue cell ...CRISPR plasmids to generate deletions of candidate genes in euploid iPSCs. “The BeHEARD Addgene reagents ...

...variety of genes with GFP. These plasmids are available through Addgene, and the stem cell lines we’ve made...is still inefficient, particularly in human cell lines. Furthermore, the quality control necessary to ensure...information and images generated from these cell lines can be found in the Cell Catalog on our data portal...different human cell types, and while most of the genes we’ve tagged are widely recognized markers of cellular...initial set of 10 plasmids representing 10 human genes and will add more to the collection later this year...everywhere To find out more about gene edited hiPS cell lines generated using the Allen Institute for Cell Science...collection includes systems for tagging mammalian cell lines, Drosophila cells, and C. elegans. In addition to...

...fluorescent proteins, and luminescent proteins. While fluorescent proteins and luminescence have been widely used...maturation times, and fitness cost of expression. They found that the cellular fitness cost varied greatly...plasmid that combines the most desirable features: intense color, fast maturation, and low fitness cost yet...striking visuals from fluorescent jellyfish, bioluminescent phytoplankton, and colorful corals, to name...instrument-free detection. Unlike fluorescence or luminescence, which require UV lamps, fluorometers, or luminometers...3: pTOX plasmids expressing amilCP and tsPurple genes. Image: Lazarus et al., 2019. One such lab is...

...inhibit, activate, or knockout many genes at a time to identify ‘hits’ - genes that affect disease progression...progression or onset. These hits can reveal individual genes or sometimes even genetic pathways that are worth...exist a drug which targets some of the candidate genes! Disease model generation CRISPR has made the generation...both individual and combinatorial drugs on for effectiveness prior to patient treatment. Target validation... revolutionized the generation of knockout cell lines which has made this control step extremely accessible...your drug(s). If a drug is equally toxic to both lines, it probably has either high toxicity or high off...and Resources References Fellmann, C., et al., Cornerstones of CRISPR-Cas in drug development and therapy...

...the plant hormones strigolactones By Fabienne Furt Current methods used to detect strigolactones (SLs) are...editing in organoid Biosensors for detecting strigolactones The CRISPR Corner New ready-to-use viral preps...et al. 2021. The Organoid EasyTag workflow combines thoughtfully designed plasmid components with ...investigating genetic mechanisms related to morphogenesis, cell fate specification, and human disease....library from Alec Kimmelman targets mouse metabolic genes with ~6 gRNAs per gene.  CRISPR-Act3.0, developed...from Xiaole Shirley Liu's lab targets all mouse genes with 10 gRNAs per gene. The guides are optimized...

...neurotransmission. But with approximately 950 different human genes encoding GPCRs (Takeda S et al., 2002) and many ...can be measured using a technique known as Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET). BRET is similar...BRET is that the energy transfer is between a luminescent donor and a fluorescent acceptor. TRUPATH uses...measures heterotrimeric G protein dissociation by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer 2, or BRET2. With... constructs. Cells are then treated with the luminescent enzyme substrate coelenterazine, followed by ...endogenous ligand or drug. In the inactive state, the luminescent chimeric protein Gα-Rluc8 and Gγ-GFP2 will be...transducerome on a single GPCR, showing the effectiveness of using TRUPATH as a screening technique. Lastly...

...during and after embryogenesis. Addgene has over 600 plasmids that contain Xenopus genes and a tool-kit ... concluded that nearly all disease-linked human genes have counterparts in the rat (Gibbs, et al., 2004...collection of plasmids containing Rattus norvegicus genes! Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) Ambystoma...entire axolotl genome, revealing an abundance of genes related to limb regeneration (Vieira et al., 2019...for use in CRISPR and Tol2 transposase induced transgenesis.  Xenopus Xenopus, or frogs, are one of the ... for scientists to study human disease-relevant genes in such a controlled environment displays how essential...molecular tools, such as gene manipulation and mutagenesis techniques, are available to the scientific community...

...to investigate the roles of specific genes or to knock down genes with potentially harmful mutations in...retroviral backbones. On some occasions, shRNAs are transiently expressed using either AAV backbones or species-specific...is to generate stable knockout or knockdown cell lines. In fact, it was the go-to choice for many years...are a quick way to create stable knockdown cells lines, and you can usually find validated shRNA sequences... S., Baek, S. H., & Kim, V. N. (2004). MicroRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. The EMBO Journal..., Y., & Peng, C. (2018). Overview of MicroRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of actions, and circulation. Frontiers...Ørom, U. a. V. (2023). Recent progress in miRNA biogenesis and decay. RNA Biology, 21(1), 36–43. https:/...

...deletion of one or several of these genes permits the expression of genes farther downstream in the construct...Brainbow uses a Cre/lox system to label neurons. Genes encoding the fluorescent proteins are organized ...developed, which differ in the number, stability, and brightness of the fluorescent proteins used in the system... which uses Cre to trigger the inversion of two genes aligned head-to-head. Another variation, Brainbow... to trigger the inversion of two tandem sets of genes aligned head-to-head and the deletion of one of ...located directly upstream of the fluorescent protein genes, Cre recombination is required before fluorescence...brainbow,” is a collection of transgenic zebrafish lines that allow for multicolor labeling of an entire ...

...the location of genes. With this knowledge, researchers were able to target specific genes for deletion ... at Harvard University. Just as computers, cell phones, and cars become more technologically advanced ...fluorescently labeled probes. Colorimetric and luminescence based detection methods are also commonly used...ddNTP, and then run these reactions out in separate lanes of a gel. Since the sequencing gel will separate...nucleotides were replaced with fluorescently labeled ones allowing for fluorometric-based detection. This ...generally considered first generation DNA sequencing machines (9). Today, similar technologies, sometimes referred...make techniques used to generate transgenic mouse lines, such as BAC transgenic or traditional knockins/...

... our purposes? In search of simple biological machines R bodies can repeatedly extend and contract...using R bodies: simple, force-generating protein machines that can extend and retract over many microns ...with proteins and remain functional, 2) break membranes outside of their natural context or 3) be modified...demonstrates that R bodies can function to break membranes of different organisms. And finally, we demonstrated...demonstrated that R bodies can be “tuned” with mutagenesis to extend at different pH values. Using a screen...in a particular region of the R-body. Further mutatgenesis of this region produced R-bodies that could ...could use them to lyse cells (and surrounding membranes) in keeping with their natural function (see below...

... to RCaMP3 and jRGECO1a, PinkyCaMP had better brightness, signal-to-noise ratio, photostability, and signal...blue-light photoswitching issue). Although similar in brightness to jRGECO1a and FRCaMP, FRCaMPi had better dynamic...mScarlet-based calcium sensor with exceptional brightness, photostability, and multiplexing capabilities...cellular functions. Along with collaborators, the Denes Hnisz Lab previously discovered that disruption ...CRISPRa components to adipose cells to activate genes involved in converting white adipose tissue (WAT... metabolizing glucose to dissipate heat. Of the genes they tested, activating UCP1 had the most potent...increasing oxygen consumption and upregulating other genes normally expressed in BAT. When donor-derived CRISPRa-AAV-treated...

... disease, cholesterol gallstone disease, senescent illnesses, and the metabolic syndrome. Coregulators...functional groups of genes involved in the execution of a specific regulatory regime (such as genes involved in...ligand-dependent sensors for a diverse set of fat-soluble hormones, vitamins, and dietary lipids. Included in this...remain unknown. Together, NRs govern expression of genes involved in a broad range of reproductive, developmental...For example, the phosphorylation status of SRC-3 defines its association with other members of the complex...as in important physiological states such as adipogenesis and macrophage activation. Our mass spectrometry-affinity...

...2014). Microbial rhodopsins are encoded by opsin genes, and include bacteriorhodopsins, halorhodopsins,...control the flow of electric charges across cell membranes and maintain membrane potential in response to...light-sensitive, so the selective expression of opsin genes in targeted cells makes it possible to control neuronal..., 2014). This could be overcome by fusing opsin genes to cell-type specific promoters; however, those ...those usually drive weak expression of downstream genes. Strong cell-specific promoters, on the other side... circuitry behind the mechanisms of sleep and anesthesia. In Cre transgenic mice, they targeted the dopamine... previously subjected to steady-state general anesthesia (Taylor et al., 2016). These very same neurons...

.... These could be genes, specific polymorphisms, including antibiotic resistance genes. This approach successfully...Genome editing tools for bacteria CRMAGE system combines CRISPR and recombineering-based MAGE The Nielsen...CRMAGE system is a fast, multiplexable method that combines CRISPR and recombineering-based MAGE (Multiplex...Yang’s lab describes a two-plasmid system that combines recombineering with CRISPR to create a system ...effectively silenced transcription of one or more genes in E. coli. and in a mammalian cell line (Qi et ... repressed or activated transcription of select genes in E. coli. Furthermore, to demonstrate wider applicability... the Husson lab used CRISPRi to study essential genes in M. tuberculosis. dCas9 and a gRNA are expressed...

... AdVs are stripped of regulatory genes E1 and E3. Without these genes, AdVs cannot replicate on their ...produced at high titers, can accommodate large transgenes, transduce quiescent and dividing cells, and ..., or high-capacity (HC-Ad__ are devoid of viral genes and therefore can accommodate up to 36 kb. Gutless...can be produced in E1-containing mammalian cell lines such as HEK293 cells. 1st generation AdV cloning...immunogenicity. In addition to E1/E3, non-structural genes E2 and E4 are deleted in 2nd generation AdVs, thereby...cloned) and pAdEasy™ which contains the adenoviral genes necessary for virus production. For detailed instructions...therapies in the new era of personalized medicine." Genes & diseases 4.2 (2017): 43-63. PubMed PMID: 28944281...

... and bleed dates and even clonal hybridoma cell lines can produce more than one mAb (Bradbury et al., ...Hybridomas can lose gene expression of the mAb-encoding genes or fail to revive after cryopreservation (Bradbury...antibodies that are generated in vitro using synthetic genes that are typically expressed from a plasmid or from... integrated sequence in a stable cell line. The genes encode the heavy chain and light chain for the antibody...Figure 2: (Left) The light chain and heavy chain genes of the antibody are encoded in a plasmid. (Right...better and better at identifying and cloning the genes for antibody expression. If starting from a protein...sequences of the antibodies and then synthesize the genes that encode those amino acids (Tran et al., 2016...

...Specially constructed plasmids can be used to replace genes in yeast, mice, or Drosophila through homologous...techniques and the plasmids used to inactivate specific genes in mammalian cells. Despite the popularity of CRISPR-based... Neomycin, puromycin, and hygromycin resistance genes are commonly used for positive selection. While ...methods have been used to create many knockout cell lines and animal models, their efficiency is very low,...easier to use and are more efficient at inactivating genes. CRISPR can target a genomic sequence and create...perfected, the production of cells and mouse knockout lines should increase. New genome engineering tools also...have tools for creating knockout animals or cell lines, please consider sharing them by depositing with...

... Cells Transformed cell lines Transformed cell lines Transformed cell lines Cargo Nucleic acids or ...cells or a selection marker to generate stable cell lines. Transient or stable expression of Cas9 and/or gRNA...contains a selection marker to generate stable cell lines. Packaging and Envelope plasmids provide the necessary...and/or gRNA in a wide variety of mammalian cell lines. Useful for difficult to transfect cell types and... cell.   Delivery methods for mammalian cell lines As mentioned above, the expression system you choose...Delivery of these components into mammalian cell lines is quite broad and includes several different methods...

...also vary in their brightness, depending on the respective fluorochrome. Brightness is impacted by both...self-labeling protein fusions as well as empty backbones to clone your own protein of interest. Fluorescence...the background. Dyes that can pass through cell membranes can prove useful for live-cell imaging. Experimental...maintained through mechanisms like fission, fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy, can be tracked using dyes like...for super-resolution usages, such as superior brightness, photostability, and most importantly, a photoswitching...combination is Alexa594, and Alexa647 due to their brightness and high degree of overlap. Dyes for DNA/RNA ...The field of fluorescent ligands and dyes has witnessed remarkable advancements, driven by the need for...

...PA-FPs by performing several rounds of random mutagenesis screening for enhanced RFP variants. PA-mCherry... Color Contrast (Fold Change in Fluorescence) Brightness Excitation/ Emission (nm) PA-GFP Monomer UV-Violet...negative” photoswitching. In 2008, scientists used mutagenesis screens to find a version of Dronpa that doesn't...background fluorescence, but their single molecule brightness and ability to switch from a dark state to a ... Color Contrast (Fold Change in Fluorescence) Brightness Excitation/ Emission (nm) Dronpa Monomer UV-Violet...there are several parameters to consider, such as brightness, photostability, pH stability, chromophore maturation... is the contrast ratio- a comparison of PA-FP brightness before and after photoactivation. A high contrast...

...substantially enhance the brightness and photostability of the classic rhodamines and their analogs without... a greater burden on the photon budget, which determines how long and precise we can track individual ...selectivity of the fluorophore attachment, the brightness of the resulting conjugate, and the complexity... classic small molecule fluorophores, such as rhodamines (Figure 2a), were discovered in the 19th century...due to its established chemistry, small size, brightness, and cell permeability. In past decades, further... the Alexa Fluor and ATTO dyes, with improved brightness, photostability, and spectral range. Nevertheless...PMCID: PMC4344395. 3. Lavis, Luke D., and Ronald T. Raines. "Bright ideas for chemical biology."ACS chemical...

...binding. Formaldehyde cross-links the protein (red lines), which maintains structural epitopes (orange region...proteins that need a little help crossing cell membranes as they are not able to diffuse across natively...Permeabilization essentially punches holes in the cell membranes of your sample to allow antibodies better access...example, saponin interacts with cholesterol in cell membranes and leaves many membrane-associated proteins in...detergents that interact with lipids and proteins in membranes and permeabilize non-selectively. This non-selectivity...helpful when trying to pass tough-to-permeabilize membranes and these detergents avoid some of the negative...but it is better at permeabilizing organellar membranes. Created with BioRender.   How do I choose...

...varies across targets, they tested two genes in mice. For both genes, they saw indel formation and phenotypic...certain tissues. However, packaging Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) and a gRNA together (~4.2 kb) into an...al. successfully used CjCas9 with AAV to target genes in mouse muscle and eye tissue. Neisseria meningitidis...prime editors. While using AAV to deliver large transgenes might seem daunting, it’s actually a challenge...Trans-spliced Cas9 allows cleavage of HBB and CCR5 genes in human cells using compact expression cassettes...ncomms14500  Levy JM, Yeh W-H, Pendse N, Davis JR, Hennessey E, Butcher R, Koblan LW, Comander J, Liu Q, Liu...https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.201400046  Strecker J, Jones S, Koopal B, Schmid-Burgk J, Zetsche B, Gao L, Makarova...

...sequences While PAM sequences for the commonly used S. pyogenes Cas9 (3'-NGG) are abundant throughout the human...circumvent this limitation: 1) the use of novel S. pyogenes Cas9 variants with varying PAM sequences, 2) the...Cas9 homologs derived from species other than S. pyogenes, and 3) the use of non-Cas9 enzymes. (For more...check out this video from IGI!) Synthetic S. pyogenes Cas9s with novel PAM recognition In 2015, Keith... screens in bacteria to identify mutants of S. pyogenes Cas9 that were able to cleave target DNA sequences...variant is far more selective for the canonical S. pyogenes PAM sequence NGG compared to wild-type SpCas9,...Cas9 species PAM sequence ’) Streptococcus pyogenes (Sp) 3' NGG Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) ...

...Toth) These wasps are like the ones that nest on your house. Their nests are open so you can see them and... human interaction for all of us studying human genes in test tubes and gels). As a freshman in college... I studied development and evolution of histone genes in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, the spiny purple...silencing in the wild. They also return to their nests so can be studied over time. They recognize individual... but the Gorbsky Lab is using Xenopus frog cell lines to develop robust methods for frog gene editing.... DNA at all (maybe because they have only 1,700 genes total). Hydra (Celina Juliano) This is a known stem...

...cancer drug targets by finding genes that cause cell death in cancer cell lines upon activation (Gilbert et...for specific gene targets CRISPR activation for genes with known functions has the potential to be used...et al., 2015) into neuronal cells by activating genes that cause differentiation and to reverse HIV viral...., 2015)) are good choices across multiple cell lines (HEK293T, MCF7, U2-OS, Hela, N2A, 3T3) and organisms...E, Lin S, Kiani S, Guzman CD, Wiegand DJ, Ter-Ovanesyan D, Braff JL, Davidsohn N, Housden BE, Perrimon...Tuttle M, Pruitt BW, Ewen-Campen B, Chari R, Ter-Ovanesyan D, Haque SJ, Cecchi RJ, Kowal EJK, Buchthal J,...Structure, Function, and Membership Using Genome-Scale Fitness Screens. Cell Systems 6:555-568.e7 . https://doi.org...

...PHP.B.  A Ly6a variant is linked to PHP.B CNS permissiveness Both the Deverman and Wilson labs determined...as non-permissive to PHP.B CNS transduction. Two genes were associated with the PHP.B permissive phenotype... suggesting it was a likely player in PHP.B permissiveness. The Wilson Lab also looked for the gene variant...mice to map the inheritance pattern of PHP.B permissiveness. The first generation of outbred mice (F1) ...~4.5 Mbp region of the mouse chromosome. Of the genes located in this stretch of DNA, Ly6a seemed the ...cells: galactose and the AAV receptor (AAVR). Cell lines lacking galactose were still transduced by PHP.B...to the CNS. The bottom line of viral vector permissiveness While PHP.B has impressive CNS transduction...

...al. "Epitope tagging of endogenous genes in diverse human cell lines." Nucleic acids research 36.19 (2008...endogenous alleles of the p53 and PTEN tumor suppressor genes in human cells (Kim et al 2008). They have also ...cells. After G418 selection, individual gene edited clones are identified by PCR. Then, if necessary for subsequent...knockin efficiencies of 1-40% with G418-selected clones. However, there are important disadvantages to ... of a gene, or which require modifying multiple genes simultaneously in the same cell, are more appropriate...AAV-based approach requires G418 selection of infected clones, making it unsuitable for most in vivo applications...using adeno-associated virus (AAV)." Chromosomal Mutagenesis. Humana Press, New York, NY, 2015. 75-103. PubMed...

...mixture of XFP genes. Stochastic multicolor labeling is possible when each of the XFP genes is introduced...express one of the three fluorescent protein (XFP) genes in a transgene. When multiple copies of the transgene...result in a combinatorial expression of these three genes with different copy numbers, producing dozens of...et al., 2007; Cai et al., 2013). However, the brightness of Brainbow was inherently low. This is because... Plasmid concentrations and AAV titer - The XFP genes have to be introduced at ~2 copies per cell per ....7166 (2007): 56. PubMed PMID: 17972876. Kohl, Johannes, et al. "Ultrafast tissue staining with chemical...

...field in which covalent modifications to DNA or histones, the proteins that help package DNA, were associated...active or silent, they could identify the target genes of previously uncharacterized enhancers. The popular... Figure 1: dCas9-p300 adds H3K27ac marks to histones in promoter and enhancer regions. These marks ...lentivirus. Figure 2: dCas9-Tet1 demethylates cytosines at promoters and enhancers. This targeted demethylation...lentivirus. Figure 3: dCas9-DNMT3A methylates cytosines at promoters and enhancers. This targeted methylation...a CRISPR-Cas9-based acetyltransferase activates genes from promoters and enhancers. Nature Biotechnology... DNA demethylation and activation of endogenous genes using programmable TALE-TET1 fusion proteins. Nature...

...target gene, it therefore determines the timing of gene expression and largely defines the amount of recombinant... GAL4/UAS to examine the expression of reporter genes, or to combine reporter expression from one promoter...necessary or desirable to control or look at multiple genes at the same time.  The 3 binary systems listed above...Drosophila or for precise control over multiple genes in synthetic systems. Recent work has even used ... simplex virus immediate early gene expression. Genes Dev. 1988 Jun;2(6):718-29. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.6.718...and interconvertible Drosophila overexpression transgenes. Sci Rep 12, 3835 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038...Sneha Srikrishnan. “Introduction and expression of genes for metabolic engineering applications in Saccharomyces...

... and high binding capacity. In addition, PVDF membranes can be repeatedly stripped of an antibody and ...antibodies used for staining. To address this, the membranes are incubated before staining in a buffer containing...across tissues. Recently, knockdown or knockout lines have become the gold standard in antibody validation...(Pillai-Kastoori et al., 2019). Tissues or cell lines other than those used by the vendor for validation...controls. Positive controls typically include cell lines or tissues that are known to express the protein...specific substrate. The emitted light, or chemiluminescence, is detected on x-ray film or with specific...standards.  Protein abundance In addition, the thickness of the band provides information about the relative...

...research, including over 4,000 cell lines. Seventeen of these cell lines were used to investigate the susceptibility...repositories that distribute mouse strains, plasmids, cell lines, and much more have been critical for pandemic research...Reproducibility for Everyone. Case study 1: Cell lines Many of the reagents used to investigate SARS-CoV...research into this virus. One such example is cell lines. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) is ...additional cell line used in this study came from the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources Cell Bank,... pathogen. The sharing and distribution of cell lines from repositories on opposite sides of the world...

...vivo research and the CARE guidelines for case reports are two sets of guidelines frequently used by editors...journal, it is important to check the journal’s guidelines to authors and see whether your paper is in scope... scope for the journal’s coverage. These guidelines also provide information on a journal’s house style...use to the scientific communities. The ARRIVE guidelines for the reporting of laboratory animals during...interest of the journal. Be sure to check the Author Guidelines of the journal you are submitting to and make... your paper. Always check the journals Author Guidelines to make sure that your paper fits with the journal...

...interested in heftier genes, you can coinfect with multiple viruses to express genes or gene sets over 4.7...expressing multiple small genes, you can design single rAAV vectors with multiple genes packaged in them and...icosahedral capsid, that can be used to express genes of interest in cell and animal models. AAVs are ... their genomes “gutted”, meaning that all viral genes except ITRs (inverted terminal repeats – the sequences... 4.7 kb, meaning that your gene of interest (or genes) need to be 4.7 kb or less to fit in a single rAAV...

...of traditional cloning is the identification of clones that actually contain your insert of interest. ...of the gene and how molecular biologists have harnessed it to evolve cloning technology. CcdB: A potent..., leading to positive identification of desired clones.   ...Becomes a powerful cloning tool Molecular... 20 years ago and developed cloning vectors to harness it. These vectors, called pKIL18 and pKIL19, contained...This procedure dramatically reduces the number of clones that do not contain the recombinant plasmid and...investigator’s insert of interest. Hence correct clones are identified much more efficiently, as those ...propagate and prep your ccdB-containing empty backbones but should never be used when selecting for recombinant...

...Cre-DOG, respectively, repurpose popular GFP reporter lines for more sophisticated experimental manipulations...saving the time and money needed to develop new lines. Using nanobodies to create GFP scaffolds for transcriptional...but knew it would take years to develop the mouse lines required for this purpose. Tang wondered if he could... could use previously established mouse lines expressing GFP in specific cell types to do more than just...then tested T-DDOGs with two mouse GFP reporter lines; again, TdTomato was seen only in cells with GFP...optogenetics, opening up the possibility of adapting GFP lines for optogenetics experiments in specific cell populations... open up many new possibilities for GFP-labeled lines, and they each have their own advantages. T-DOGGs...