... with PEI and allow for the addition of other components, such as sorbitol and sodium bicarbonate, sorbitol...

...is mediated via individual neurons. Neurons are composed of a cell body, with dendrites receiving incoming...tracing experiments, brain tissue is injected with compounds that intracellularly spread away from the site...including dendritic and axonal extensions and, most importantly, any connections the neurons make to other distant...distant brain areas. It is desirable for tracing compounds to outline neurons in the direction of information...proteins facilitate transport of neuronal tracing compounds and this is an area that requires further study... neuronal tracing methods Traditional tracing compounds either produce a colorimetric product or are fluorescent...health. Another limitation of traditional tracing compounds is that their diffusion across the synaptic cleft...

...   The Cascade complex Cascade is an important component of the CRISPR Cas3 system. Most Cascade complexes...from different species and will have different compositions of Cascade. Although seemingly ubiquitous in...Type I has subtypes A through G, with different compositions of the Cascade complex. Created with BioRender.com...difficult to ensure comparable expression of all components of Cascade for maximum efficiency of the process...is pulled through the Cas3. This mechanism is important for Cas3’s biggest trick. Cas3 likes to bluff,... mentioned issues with expressing all Cascade components can make Cas9 easier to work with than Cas3. ...

...what comes next. To that end, one of the most important things that you can do now is diversify. Read ... position! Conferences One of the single most important things you can do to plan for your career is to... Speaking of jobs, it seems like an obviously important experience, but far too many students and young...opportunity to make a personal connection; the importance of which will be elaborated on later. As for ...can search for jobs, post your CV, and, most importantly, manage your professional network. This is probably...box (most likely your lab, in this case). It is important to realize that you have to take responsibility...LinkedIn and other popular job site webpages. Importantly, find a good mentor that can share relevant experience...

...tool like an ELN. It is nevertheless critically important to be able to conveniently reference specific ...research is incomplete, making it difficult or impossible to reproduce. As the graphic depicts, RSpace ... reproducibility. For example, it’s possible to import Word documents into RSpace, maintaining the original...also possible to capture Slack conversations and import them into RSpace. The kind of informal conversations...protocols.io, and then link to a selected protocol and/or import and convert it into RSpace. The reverse flow is...ELN from which the data came.  The ability to re-import data from repositories back into ELNs would also...electronic lab notebook Watch a livestream of the Minisymposium on Reproducibility Read all blog posts about...

...nervous system. The fly has also emerged as an important human disease model with potential for therapeutic... scientists to easily control the level and spatiotemporal expression of a gene of interest. This type...due to their simplicity, yeast have become an important experimental model in the study of neurological...be used to easily screen multiple therapeutic compounds in one experiment. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Since... 1960s, the zebrafish has gradually become an important model organism. They share about 70% of their ...method that uses heat induction to control the temporal expression of different transgenes, the Stainer... "From Saccharomyces cerevisiae to human: The important gene co‑expression modules." Biomedical Reports...

...mammals (2). How can we begin to understand the importance of any of these phosphorylation events on the...5). Optimization of this system defined three components required for translation (Figure 1): A tRNA ...the pSer-incorporated polypeptide. These three components were shown to effectively incorporate phosphoserine... the phosphoserine OTS, Sep-OTS, contains the components required for the translation of pSer-incorporated...host strain for pSer-incorporation The second component necessary for phosphoserine incorporation is a.... Beyond these standard considerations, it is important to determine how much phosphorserine has actually...same expression plasmid. This is a particularly important control when creating a phosphoserine-incorporation...

...are ways you can hone important skills for the profession. One of the most important skill sets for a science... of the who, what, where, when, why and most importantly, how, of a science policy career.  Who does science... place to start. What is science policy? THE IMPOSSIBLE QUESTION. Science policy is the work you do to...science policy? I would argue that this is the most important question that you can explore. The answer will...advice for you and your next steps. This advice is important, but must be taken through your own personal lens... science policy fellowship program which is a temporary position- anywhere from a few months to a few ...

...around in the lab.  Let’s take a look at the key components of transposons, how they are classified, and ... in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes.  Components of a transposon system Transposon: The transposon...2021). Target site preference and host range are important to consider when selecting a transposon for a ...CRISPR-Cas system. This system has four major components: 1) a CRISPR RNA (crRNA), 2) four proteins (TniQ...transposon insertion in bacterial genomes. A) Components of the INTEGRATE system. B) Mechanisms of RNA-guided...prokaryotic genomes. They require just two key components, the transposon’s DNA sequence and its transposition...Sandoval-Villegas N, Nurieva W, Amberger M, Ivics Z (2021) Contemporary Transposon Tools: A Review and Guide through...

...as a striking example of the applicability and importance of research in basic biology, medicine, epidemiology...of what you’re getting yourself into is really important.  As you’re talking to people, though, try to ...fundamental understanding of what you’re working on is important! Better than leaving yourself in the dark, but... Erika Moore in Science Careers discusses the importance of building a network of mentors. Explore available...their abilities and qualifications. Studies on imposter syndrome have also found that it is more common..., Kroeper KM, Murphy MC (2019) Feeling Like an Imposter: The Effect of Perceived Classroom Competition...1948550619882032 Chrousos GP, Mentis A-FA (2020) Imposter syndrome threatens diversity. Science 367:749.2...

...AAV plasmids contain several important elements, but among the most important are the inverted terminal ...Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are an important biological tool that allow scientists to express a gene...modifications and types  Since ITRs are one of the most important elements of AAV and rAAV vectors, modifications...site reduce Rep nicking. Since Rep proteins are important for viral genome replication, these mutations ...is still limited, but this area of research is important for downstream AAV applications.  Tips & FAQs ...

...controlling cell signaling. Key components of OptoNBs OptoNBs have two key components: an AsLOV2 domain and a ...activity in cells.  Let’s shed some light on the key components of OptoNBs, how they are generated, and their...variable heavy chain antibody domain.  How do these components interact? When fused together to form an OptoNB...binding ability of its nanobody partner, so it’s important to insert AsLOV2 at a spot in the nanobody that...light to control signaling provides greater spatiotemporal resolution than pharmacological or genetic ...

...for science, and numerous other reasons. It is important to remember that we, scientists and non-scientists...and calling for billions of dollars in cuts to important research funding.  So when I saw that there was...scientist.  I care about my work because it's important to our health.  Most people won't argue with that...with friends, family, and the public about its importance.  I think many of us grew to assume that the ...find it difficult to convey the excitement and importance of our research to family and friends outside...community members. The March for Science was an important first step towards starting these conversations...opportunity to cement in my children's heads the importance of science and positively reinforce their scientific...

...of an important surface protein (e.g. PD-L1 on a cancer cell). In this screen, known components of the...number of cells needed is lower, and perhaps most important, targeting all genes doesn’t necessarily add value...used these knockout mice to show exactly which components of the known pathway that were essential for ...response to a particular ligand (such as when a component of a microbe or a cytokine is added to a cell)... rapidly performed by targeting all potential components of a signaling pathway. For example, one could...are migratory, and their exact localization is important for their function. Their migration is induced...

...Tumors are composed of a wide variety of cell types. This cell heterogeneity is an important element of...still many important questions in this exciting field of research. One of the most important: How will ...commute to and invade multiple organs, and most importantly escape the immune mechanisms of the host. The...therapies themselves can be made more effective. Some important factors researchers are beginning to focus on ...successful tumor progression. A tumor’s genetic composition is constantly in flux and is dependent on the...

...Consider the classic IgG antibody (Figure 1): it is composed of four peptide chains (two identical heavy chains...   Figure 1: IgG antibody structure with important features labeled. V = Variable domain. L = Light...portion. For example, Fab fragments are molecules composed of just the Fab portion of the antibody. Fab fragments...fragments. Size: ~50 kDa. Fv - These fragments are composed of just the variable domains of the heavy and ...fragments.  Think of antibody fragments as new components in your antibody tool box. As you consider which... and how the protein will interact with other components of your experiment. These considerations will...

...want to turn things on or off, permanently or temporarily, we’ve got you covered. Defining your control...requirements To pick the best tool for the job, it’s important to know what the job requirements are. Here are...inducible? How long do you need control? Will temporary control (a few days) be enough, or do you want...than making a knockout and is a great way to temporarily reduce expression of essential proteins (when...expression (more on this below) will both achieve temporary repression of protein expression. Addgene has ...via a custom gRNA, to your gene of interest to temporarily increase expression. There are several flavors...

... to the inherent possibility of altering the composition of the library. Bottlenecks, fitness differences...

...samples prepare enough master mix for 9 samples. Component Volume 9X Volume Final Concentrations 2X ddPCR...

...materials needed for optogenetics. There are several important considerations with fabrication of the fiber optics...your stimulation. The scatter effect is also an important consideration when preparing the implant itself...inactivation inconsistent, and behavioral results impossible to interpret. Polishing the fiber optics with...will run you about $2-3,000/laser. However, an important caveat is that one laser can stimulate only a ... on optogenetics we’ll delve into some of the important considerations when performing optogenetics behavioral...writing. Derek is also a pianist and an aspiring composer. View his blog drsimonsaysscience.org or follow...