We narrowed to 604 results for: abo.2
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TypeBlog Post...satisfactorily accepts DNA as its substrate (see figure 2). The artificially evolved adenosine deaminase...editing platforms for plant systems. Figure 2: Plant base editor platforms and their molecular components...available for plant systems. Target-AID based (CBE-2)- and rAPOBEC based (CBE-1)- CBEs are successful...based CBEs are known to deaminate cytosine placed in 2-6 bp and 4-8 bp, respectively, of the protospacer....PMID: 27096365. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4873371. 2. Nishida, Keiji, et al. "Targeted nucleotide editing...gene, Xw, except for a single base. If you heard about CRISPR, one question probably comes to mind: can...compatibility All of the base editors mentioned above are SpCas9 nickase-based and depend on the presence...
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Plasmids 101: Restriction Cloning
TypeBlog Post...equivalent to backbone + insert, unsuccessful 2 and 3 above), you can try ligating the recipient plasmid... used. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions. 2. Isolate Your Insert and Vector by Gel Purification...DNA concentration alone. One method is to conduct 2 ligations for each plasmid you are trying to create...containing the ligation mixture with backbone alone; 2. Transformation containing ligation mixture with insert...colonies than the vector + insert plate (unsuccessful 2), or roughly equivalent numbers of colonies on each... (post or pre run in the table above, respectively). Some of the above stains require you to visualize...get experimenting! Additional Resources: Read about Gel Stains on the BitesizeBio Blog Additional ... -
Viral Vectors 101: What is a Virus (and a Viral Vector)?
TypeBlog Post...developed around how they replicate (Figure 2). Figure 2: Baltimore replication classes. Image credit...safer viral vectors that can be used in BSL-1 or BSL-2 labs. Viral vectors are viruses that have been genetically... using biorender.com If you’re new to talking about viruses, here’s a quick tip on terminology. “Virus...have a growing number of Viral Vectors 101 posts about each type, so be sure to check our blog, or our ... -
15 Hot Plasmids from 2017
TypeBlog Post...NGG) Editing window ~2 nt 85175 pBK-EE-BE3 SpCas9 (NGG) Editing window ~2 nt 85176 pBK-YE2-...(see figure above). 3 Reasons The PSU Ladders Are Awesome Tools: They are comprised of 2 plasmids, pPSU1...quantum yield of 0.54) and mScarlet-H with M164H (2-fold improvement in photostability compared to mScarlet...SpCas9 base editors with editing windows as small as 1-2 nucleotides! To reduce off-target effects associated...pBK-YE2-BE3 SpCas9 (NGG) Editing window ~2 nt 85177 pBK-YEE-BE3 SpCas9 (NGG) Lower on-target activity...activity than BE3; editing window ~1-2 nt 87438 pET42b-HF-BE3 HF-Cas9 (NGG) Very low off-target activity...libraries The Gross Lab at UCSF recently deposited 2 Bacillus subtilis libraries with Addgene – the B. ... -
Viral Vectors 101: AAV Variables That Matter
TypeBlog Post...testing your AAV. Figure 2: Comparison of AAV serotypes 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, and 9 in two different .... Factors to think about are (1) your experimental conditions and measurements; (2) the cells you’re targeting... Tropism and Axonal Transport of AAV Serotypes 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9 in the Mouse Brain. PLOS ONE, 8(9),... Comparison of four promoters. Gene Therapy, 28(1–2), 56–74. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41434-020-0169-1...analyses of adeno-associated viral vector serotypes 1, 2, 5, 8 and 9 in marmoset, mouse and macaque cerebral... -
Hot Plasmids and Viral Preps - January 2021
TypeBlog Post... Opto-Cre-Vvd is fast and can cut in as little as 2 hours. Sheets, MB, et al., ACS Synth Biol. 2020....they investigated three Casɸ orthologs, Casɸ-1, Casɸ-2, and Casɸ-3. This system is notable for several reasons...a minimal PAM requirement. For instance, for Casɸ-2 the PAM sequence is 5’-TBN-3’ (where B is G, T, or...deposited by Leopold Parts. This library delivers 2 randomly paired guides per construct and allows a ... plasmids you need. If you'd ever like to write about a recent plasmid deposit please sign up here. Here's... -
Using AAV for Neuronal Tracing
TypeBlog Post...for retrograde transport has been found for AAV1, -2, -5, -7, -8 (Taymans et al., 2007), AAV1 (Hollis et... tropism and axonal transport of AAV serotypes 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9 in the mouse brain. PLoS One 8:e76310...reveal novel hippocampal CA2 circuits. Nat Neurosci 17(2), 269–279. PubMed PMID: 24336151. PubMed Central PMCID... Mechanisms of Motility and Regulation. Neuron 84(2), 292–309. PubMed PMID: 25374356. PubMed Central PMCID...transduction efficiency of recombinant AAV serotypes 1, 2, 5 and 8 in the rat nigrostriatal system. J Neurochem...analysis of adeno-associated viral vector serotypes 1, 2, 5, 7 and 8 in mouse brain. Hum Gene Ther 18, 195–...retrograde access to projection neurons. Neuron 92(2), 372–382. PubMed PMID: 27720486. PubMed Central PMCID... -
Truncated gRNAs for Regulating Gene Expression
TypeBlog Post...the absence of genome editing (Fig. 2 and 3) (5, 3). Figure 2: Gene activation with nuclease-competent...shown to exhibit more limited activity than SpCas9 (2). In many cases this is due both to lower relative...PMID: 24076762. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3844869. 2. Chari, Raj, et al. "Unraveling CRISPR-Cas9 genome...of the Addgene Scientific Advisory Board. His laboratory at Columbia University is focused advancing scientific... Listen to Our Interview with Alex Chavez Learn about Sequencing Options for CRISPR Genotyping Cas9 Activators... -
Year of the Camelid: Antibody Style
TypeBlog Post...and a source of sdAbs (Figure 2) (Xu, et al., 2021). Figure 2: Genetically modified mice offer... from camelid mice and llamas neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nature 595:278–282. https://doi.org/10.1038...the commercial "Nanobody" name. We’ve talked about sdAbs a number of times on this blog over the years... -
Antibodies 101: Chimeric Antibodies
TypeBlog Post...use 2 different secondaries for your antibody pair and visualize both targets in parallel (Fig. 2). For...successfully visualize both proteins. Figure 2: Two primary antibodies with the same isotype can ...flexibility needed for multiplexing. In the case above, you can’t costain with your desired antibodies ...multiplexing with chimeric antibodies. In the case above you should use an anti-rat IgG1 secondary antibody...this blog post has answered all of your questions about the utility of isotype conversions and chimeric ..., Bright, S. M., Robinson, M. K., Graham, E. T., Sabo, J. P., Owens, R., King, D. J., Norris, S. H., &... -
Empty Backbones - Choosing Your Perfect Plasmid Backbone
TypeCollection...backbone with MS2 loops at tetraloop and stemloop 2 and EF1a-zeo resistance marker pLenti CMV/TO GFP-Zeo... your gene and of the fusion protein. Read more about epitope tags and protein tags . Tag or Fusion ...functions such as protein purification mentioned above, empty backbones can also be used for for viral ...our dedicated Cre-lox Plasmids page pBF3060 - Metabolic engineering in S. cerevisiae TALENs Gene targeting... -
Tetbow: Bright Multicolor Labeling for Neuronal Tracing
TypeBlog Post...possible when each of the XFP genes is introduced at ~2 copies per cell per color, following a Poisson distribution...(prepared with Addgene #104110 - #104112) (Figure 2). We’ve also created constructs with containing chemical...AAV titer - The XFP genes have to be introduced at ~2 copies per cell per color to achieve the highest color...Additional resources on the Addgene blog Read about Brainbow Learn about using AAVs for neuronal tracing Visit...page Additional resources on Addgene.org Learn about Addgene's viral service See our fluorescent protein... -
Simplify Cloning with in vivo Assembly
TypeBlog Post...procedure to be performed using a simple two-step, 2 hr protocol prior to transformation (Figure 1). As...Primer design Using specific primer design (Figure 2), IVA cloning can be used to perform any plasmid modification... for each type of modification is shown in Figure 2, and is discussed in more detail below. The main requirement...Biotechniques 10.1 (1991): 62-66. PubMed PMID: 2003926. 2. Bubeck, Peter, Monica Winkler, and Wilfried Bautsch... Watson and Javier García-Nafría from the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Plasmid cloning is an essential...with successful recombination reported in all laboratory E. coli strains tested so far. The use of this...low cost and can be immediately adopted by any laboratory. All procedures are performed using the same... -
Fluorescent Proteins 101: Aptamer Fluorophores
TypeBlog Post...Fig.2). Spinach eventually evolved into Spinach2, a more stable and brighter version of the aptamer, but...PMID: 25713381. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4364232. 2. Baker, Monya. “RNA imaging in situ”. Nature Methods...emerging environmental pollutants.” Front Chem. 2014; 2: 41. PubMed PMID: 25019067. PubMed Central PMCID: ...biosensors.” TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 27(2):108-117 · February 2008. 11. Svensen, Nina and Jaffrey...target metabolite creates an aptamer that will only bind to DFHBI in the presence of that metabolite (Fig...approach less sensitive in most applications. Learn About Fluorescent Biosensors Light-up aptamers (or, fluorescing...fluorophore protein. Years later, Samie Jaffrey’s laboratory took advantage of their deep knowledge of the... -
Optogenetics + CRISPR, Using Light to Control Genome Editing
TypeBlog Post...the light-inducible heterodimerizing cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) and calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 ...inactive, dead Cas9 protein (dCas9) fused to CIB1; and 2) the activator - the CRY2 photolyase homology region... fused to both the N- and C-termini of dCas9; and 2) CRY2FL-VP64, a fusion of full-length CRY2 and the...researchers saw an 11-fold increase in mRNA levels after 2 hr and a 400-fold increase after 30 hr. The system...authors fragmented Cas9 into N-terminal (residues 2-713, N713) and C-terminal (residues 714-1368, C714...nMagC714 instead of nMagHigh1-C714, generating paCas9-2. This change did not significantly alter the system...prior work, the Sato lab also showed that the paCas9-2 system could be spatially controlled and reversibly... -
Delivery Methods for Generating iPSCs
TypeBlog Post...plasmid-based expression requires serial transfection of 1 or 2 plasmids that express the reprogramming factors of...for generating iPSCs by plasmid transfection where 2 of 11 clones tested had plasmid integration. Another...understanding the mechanisms of reprogramming, and 2) studies with clinical endpoints. In the first scenario...PubMed PMID: 27764162. PubMed Central PMCID: 5072705. 2. Sommer, Cesar A., and Gustavo Mostoslavsky. "The ...challenges." Journal of Cellular Physiology 228, no. 2 (2012): 267-75. PubMed PMID: 22767332. 3. Kim, Dohoon...PubMed PMID: 23546745. PubMed Central PMCID: 4176696. 2. Yusa, Kosuke, Roland Rad, Junji Takeda, and Allan...generation. Expert opinion on biological therapy, 10 2, 231-42. PubMed PMID: 20088717. PubMed Central PMCID... -
Addgene’s Newest Way to Speed Your Research: The Cloning Grade DNA Service
TypeBlog Post...plasmid tools. Details about the cloning grade DNA beta project We will ship you 2 µg of DNA in 20 µl of... be directly used in the research on the SARS-CoV-2. Nine of the overall plasmid selection will be open...Plasmids 101 blog series Learn about the different grades of DNA Read about the various ways to quantify...quantify DNA Resources on Addgene.org Learn about our other beta projects Read our Molecular Biology Reference... -
CRISPR 101: Making a Knock-In Cell Line
TypeBlog Post... However, if you have a larger knock-in (200 bp – 2 kb), a dsDNA donor will need to be used due to synthesis...accidentally change your protein of interest. Fig. 2: Stop re-cutting with PAM and guide RNA disrupting... the other repair mechanisms Mammalian cells have 2 primary repair mechanisms besides HR - Non-homologous.... Com., 8(2024), (2017). 10.1038/s41467-017-01836-2 Charpentier, M., Khedher, A. H. Y., Menerot, S., Brion...CRISPR Featured Topic Page Learn about Non-Homologous End Joining Learn about Base Editing Read 3 Tips to ... post on increasing HDR efficiency to read more about optimizing this distance. Homology arms and types...screening strategies for your experiment. Also learn about Addgene’s knock-in plasmids for reagents to help... -
Lentiviral Vector Uses and Overview
TypeBlog Post...create the 2nd-generation lentiviral system (Figure 2). The HIV genes that do remain are very important ...1996 Apr 12;272(5259):263-7. PubMed PMID: 8602510. 2. A third-generation lentivirus vector with a conditional...CH, Humeau LM, Rebello T. J Gene Med. 2013 Feb;15(2):78-82. PubMed PMID: 23322669. 6. Genetic treatment... Banasik MB, McCray PB Jr. Gene Ther. 2010 Feb;17(2):150-7. PubMed PMID: 19847206. Additional Resources...gene therapy applications. Read on to learn more about the current (and future) applications of lentiviral...do both, Addgene depositor Didier Trono and collaborators turned to the lentivirus HIV-1, well-known to...Libraries Enable Genome-Scale, Knockout Screening Read about Genome-Wide Screening Using CRISPR/Cas9 Additional... -
Deep Dive: Statistical Tests (Comparisons)
TypeBlog Post...typically, normal (bell curve) or skewed (see Fig. 2). Assumptions – characteristics of a data set; ...levels of variance among data. Fig. 2: Examples of data distribution profiles. Parametric... positive is much higher than if you only look at 2 or 3 pairwise comparisons. Similar to family-wise ...statistical facets of reproducibility. Adv Physiol Educ. 40(2): 248-252 (2016). 0.1152/advan.00042.2016 Finch, W...Simulation Study. Front. Appl. Math. Stat. Volume 2 (2016). doi.org/10.3389/fams.2016.00002 ...a summary snapshot without telling you anything about outliers or data spread within those data sets. ...the rules” and which we have certain information about. The assumptions and requirements that need to be...