...husbandry and ability to produce abundant, externally fertilized, transparent progeny (Figure 2). These features...regulate processes from development to metabolism to fertility. Several zebrafish-specific gene expression databases...generating mutants. Unexpectedly, phenotypes sometimes differ depending on whether a gene is deactivated via ...researchers to observe changes to these tissues under different experimental conditions. Strategies for generating...tracing Over a period of 24 hours, the externally fertilized zebrafish zygote transforms into an organism ...sequencing approaches (Harland, 2018). Several different methods have been developed, relying on established...vertebratedevelopment using optogenetic approaches.     References El-Brolosy, Mohamed A., et al. "Genetic compensation...

...opportunity to discover and evolve your transferable skills. Transferable skills are the non-technical skills...graduate student at a networking event recently who referred to her lab as her family three times during a ...formulate hypotheses and conduct experiments. You transfer liquids between tubes, look through microscopes...etc.--so everyone’s experience will be a little different. Some of these changes you may enjoy immediately...production, I didn’t really start to recognize my transferable (or “soft”) skills until I was out of the lab...lab to think about these--get started with our Transferable Skills Guide.     Over the last decade, my... blog Visit our careers topic page Read our transferable skills guide Read blog posts about career readiness...

...translation of an array of different reporters including mScarlet-I, luciferase, antibiotic resistance markers...fluorescent proteins, antibiotic resistance, and luciferase. References Gaudelli NM, Komor AC, Rees HA, Packer...et al., 2018. APOBEC-Cas9n-UGI targets its preferred trinucleotide motifs (5’-TCA-to-TUA) found within...using FACS which could limit their use across different cell types and systems. To introduce flexibility... GO works by affecting protein translation of different reporter proteins. Protein translation requires...Reporters in Gene On include a mScarlet reporter, luciferase reporter, and neomycin resistance reporter. Image...

...lead to wildly different ideas of how to approach a problem, but it is these very differences that make our...the software design. Each of us brings slightly different cognitive biases as a result of our diversity ...Addgene and ourselves. We are also able to consider different technical approaches that may come up during discussion...developer and I get to see an approach that is likely different from what I would have done. And finally the stakeholder...isn’t how we work. We all take turns working on different parts of the code. I think the best way to learn...shipping sprint and all the stories will touch different parts of the shipping code. The following sprint...every part of the software, we are able to get different perspectives on how things are implemented and...

...Vector Core. Transfections are performed using the transfer plasmid, a plasmid encoding rep and serotype-specific...taken offline and discarded. Confirmation of the transfer plasmid Addgene uses a rigorous barcode matching...preparation undergoes PCR with primers targeting the transfer plasmid used in the transfection. PCR products... matching system and PCR-based confirmation of transfer plasmids used in Addgene’s viral production. Barcoding...After production, we confirm the identity of the transfer plasmid in the viral preparation by performing...performing PCR against unique regions of the transfer plasmid.   Lentivirus resources Browse lentiviral preps... by Ina Ersing in August 2023. Resources and references Resources at the Addgene blog Find and share ...

...immunotherapy than ever before. Although different types of cancer have different challenges and obstacles to overcome...However, there are many different forms of immunotherapy that work in different ways. For example, a new...learned much about the causes of cancer and the different avenues that can be used to treat it. For those...overcome, mesothelioma sufferers can see great promise in up and coming treatments like immunotherapy....latency period, and rarity of mesothelioma make it different from many other types of cancer. Mesothelioma ...mesothelioma, such as in the case of Paul Zygielbaum. A different approach to immunotherapy is bevacizumab (Avastin...

...Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer CRET= Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer    Interesting Articles...FRET, aka Fluorescence (Förster) Resonance Energy Transfer, technique which allows the detection of molecules...distance-dependent physical process by which energy is transferred non-radiatively from an excited molecular fluorophore...FRET experiments. You may have to design several different constructs to find one that could be used for ...higher than the signal generated by the energy transfer. On the contrary, if you choose a pair that are...cross-talk but you also don’t have any resonance transfer. You have to find a balance between FRET efficiency...RB, Periasamy A. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy imaging of live cell protein...

...delivered on a different plasmid and allows simultaneous multiplex editing of six different genes. This ... Jan 28, 2016 and last updated Sep 10, 2020 by Jennifer Tsang. CRISPR makes it easy to target multiple...flanking the promoter-gRNA construct, but with different sequences adjacent to the sites. When digested...assembly principles, but they’re optimized for different purposes.   Gersbach Lab multiplexing plasmids...kanamycin-resistant plasmids, each containing a different gRNA target sequence downstream of the 7SK, human...users to express up to 7 gRNAs. The kit contains different destination vectors depending on the total number...transcript. Rather than being transcribed from different promoters, the gRNAs are transcribed together ...

...between Cas9 enzymes from different species, explaining why they recognize different guide RNAs. Deep in the...Other CRISPR enzymes like Cas12 have different structures and different uses. In all cases, structural biology...techniques, like electron microscopy and FRET, can offer more information on these regions.   Cas9’s transition...from the same angle to highlight conformational differences. HNH, red; RuvC, orange; CTD, yellow; REC lobe...research. New details are still being uncovered, and different techniques all bring their own advantages—and ...Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Resources and references More resources on addgene.org  Addgene's CRISPR...656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00739-4 References Bravo, J. P. K., Liu, M.-S., Hibshman, G. N.,...

...is to offer plasmids created as part of research projects, another way is to systematically offer thousands...worked closely with the legal partners and Tech Transfer Offices at universities to make COVID-19 research-related...United States, and many universities and Technology Transfer Offices were, at least, temporarily closing, these...scientists, we’ve worked with many scientists, tech transfer offices, research foundations, and funding initiatives...them available to industry, please reach out at techtransfer@addgene.org and we will initiate a conversation...conversation with you and your technology transfer office to discuss the possibilities for expanded sharing. ...

...written by Jennifer Tsang in October 2019 and updated by Emily P. Bentley in December 2024. References and ...(Anzalone et al., 2019). Plus, it can combine different types of edits with one another. All of this is...editing window cannot edit within what Fyodor Urnov refers to as “PAM deserts” in the genome. More versatile... instances where traditional base editors are preferred. For instance, if target nucleotides are positioned...type, and goal of the experiment can all impose different constraints and affect how you select and design...5.1-fold (though up to 45-fold) higher across different genomic sites compared to PE1 (Anzalone et al....used with any of the PE2-5 approaches, sometimes referred to as PE2max, PE3max, etc. PE6: Specialized prime...

...solubility, and thus different reagents are useful for biotinylation in different microenvironments. There...used today in molecular biology for an array of different techniques and protocols. In this post we will...and decarboxylases. These enzymes catalyze the transfer of carboxyl groups to organic acids to produce...relatively small, water soluble molecule that does not interfere with the macromolecules it is added to. Biotin... signal and easier detection. This strategy is referred to as the Avidin-Biotin Complex (ABC) immunohistochemistry...variety of biotinylation reagents available that differ in the functional groups or residues they target...a solid substrate (Holden and Cremer, 2003). References 1. Chapman-Smith, A., & Cronan, J. E. “Molecular...

...Addgene, I was about to have a check-in with my boss Jennifer. I had finally found my footing with the company... for what we thought would be a couple months. Jennifer and I spent about an hour that morning scrambling... involved multiple people in tight locations. Conference rooms for on-screen presenters! Labs and benches...know cameras, but we needed someone else. Design: Jennifer thankfully volunteered, and we decided to focus...action would be to use an iPad to shoot.  Build: Jennifer created a mobile camera area that included iPad...Zoom, everyone’s new favorite third-party video conferencing software. Interviewees could simply boot up ...while the camera is here, the operator is in a different room.   Design: The previous cycle made me...

...by Addgenie Rebecca Hutcheson.   References and resources References Banasik, M. B., & McCray, P. B., ...second-generation system as an example.  The lentiviral transfer plasmid encodes your insert of interest, flanked...then, numerous variants have been developed with different mechanisms to inactivate the integrase.  The IDLV...vectors is random, and the integration site will be different for each transduced cell, there’s no telling which... that of regular lentiviral vectors. The only difference is that you would use the integrase-deficient...that titering these IDLVs may require a slightly different protocol than regular lentiviral vectors. This...quantifying the integrated viral DNA along with a reference cellular gene. When titering IDLVs, there is no...

..., protected samples and was compatible with the buffer additive MgCl2 and the crosslinking agent glutaraldehyde...PEs) via engineered virus-like particles (eVLPs) offers an option to transduce cells directly with ribonucleoprotein...editor consisting of dCas9 fused to a DNA methyltransferase — that can drive lasting transcriptional silencing...Histone tail for Autoinhibition Release of Methyltransferase (CHARM), with several advantages over the ...  Rather than overexpressing an exogenous methyltransferase for epigenetic silencing, which can be toxic...tail to recruit and stimulate the endogenous methyltransferase. The strategy is generalizable to a variety...D3L recruits the endogenous, autoinhibited methyltransferase DNMT3A to the genomic location specified by...

...scientists have developed and fine tuned many different ways to clone DNA fragments which have provided...more and more common, and for good reason. They offer many advantages over the traditional restriction...with an enzyme master mix, which contains three different enzymes: an exonuclease, which chews back the... this doesn’t allow for mix and match of many different fragments. One way around this is to use a combination...kit you will be using. Some of these products may offer advantages that Gibson assembly does not such as...with a G!) but actually work by significantly different methods. Golden Gate cloning does result in the...from one vector to another. There are lots of different ways to clone these days. Gibson and the other...

...sensors with different ITAM/SH2 reporter pairs allow multiplexed measurement of different RTKs. Although...response. They generated variants optimized for different applications (v82 has higher affinity for glutamate...Measuring local temperature variations and heat transfer at the subcellular level requires a probe with...By fusing two bright fluorescent proteins with different thermal quenching rates (mNeonGreen and tdTomato...sub-millisecond resolution and sub-degree temperature differences under a variety of imaging conditions (155 μs...fast measurement of temperature and local heat transfer. Image reproduced from Lu et al. 2022, under CC-BY-NC-ND...plasmids here!   Lu K, et al. Intracellular Heat Transfer and Thermal Property Revealed by Kilohertz Temperature...

...are communicating across disciplines or doing different tasks. But these challenges can be exaggerated...equal opportunity to contribute. Using video conferencing tools like Zoom or Google Hangouts is a great...great way to include researchers from different locations. Having virtual face-to-face meetings as opposed... collaboration includes scientists working in different time zones, it’s important that everyone can access...project at the International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference in Frankfurt, Germany When funding and circumstances...techniques are being performed the same way at different sites. I did a lab exchange as part of the collaboration...been able to do from my home lab. Scientific conferences and workshops are another great place to meet...

...system which has been designed to perform gene transfer in vertebrates. The system is comprised of 2 components...transposase has been discovered in the genomes of many different fish species in a variety of non-functional forms...the lab showed that efficiencies of stable gene transfer using SB100x were comparable to stable transduction... vectors were developed into 16 variants with different selection markers (blasticidin, neomycin, puromycin... each contain two SfiI restriction sites with different overhangs depending upon whether they are on the...only likely to grow in the coming decades.  References 1. Kowarz E, et al. Optimized Sleeping Beauty... Beauty transposase enables robust stable gene transfer in vertebrates. Nat Genet. 2009 Jun;41(6):753-...

...cells. The replicons of plasmids are generally different from the those used to replicate the host's chromosomal...include ColE1, pMB1 (which comes in a few slightly different but well known derivatives), pSC101, R6K, and ...regulated. Generally, control of replication is referred to as "relaxed" or "stringent" depending on whether...maintains about 20 copies per cell, while pUC – which differs by only two mutations – will produce as many as...considerations. *Requires pir gene for replication (reference). **F1 is a phage-derived ori that allows for...particles. Plasmids with phage-derived ori's are referred to as phagemids.   Other factors that affect...clarified? If so please, post in the comments.  References Chatterjee A, Sun SB, Furman JL, Xiao H, Schultz...