...named NeuroStack was used (Orguc et al., 2020). Using a programmable microcontroller, NeuroStack coordinates...admittedly for self-serving reasons – I want to understand my obsession with the combination of chocolate...connection to study on a molecular level. The brain is constantly influenced by signals it receives from the entire...digestion of food, while brain tissue is relatively static). To operate both types of implanted fibers simultaneously...stimulation in target tissues of a live animal. They started by delivering an AAV construct expressing channelrhodopsin...tissue. They performed optical stimulation using NeuroStack and the fibers as previously described, then ...implantation of fibers, indicating the system was indeed stable for continuous monitoring. On the gut side of things...

... MIT's Ed Boyden explains it, his goal is "to understand the brain at a level of abstraction that enables...Once scientists can do that, they will not only understand how the brain works, but also how to fix it when...then alongside blue they actually have a lot of crosstalk. So we developed a red molecule. We also had to... use dim blue light and red light together. Understanding the brain through optogenetics research Addgene...areas of benefit: First, there is fundamental understanding of the brain, which has humanistic and philosophical...region, the animals became aggressive. If we can understand the neural basis of violence or aggression, it... neuroscience has so many different goals: to understand how a mouse changes emotions, to see how a monkey...

...This system ablates tumors just as effectively as standard CAR-T cells, but it reduces the off-target effects...expression (or the eGFP proxy for CAR) is elevated at stable levels for 6 days - after just 15 minutes of FUS...PMCID: PMC6377228. Hyperfolder YFP- a chemically stable tool for microscopy by: Susanna Stroik Microscopy...these applications have lagged. Fixation, chemical staining, and light exposure can negatively affect FPs ...hfYFP is not only brilliantly bright, but it also withstands denaturing conditions, high temperatures, and...fluorescence resilience to these preparations. After crystalizing the hfYFP structure, the group rationally designed...similar capabilities. If you’re looking for a super stable FP for your next microscopy experiment, consider...

...easily started and easily credited. And nothing stops these one-time favors from becoming starting points... rewarding way of making science.   How we started Crowdfight-COVID19 Crowdfight was born as a collaborative... all over the world had signed up, and soon we started receiving dozens of requests every day.    ...suitability and availability; 3) Make the contact to start a direct collaboration between researcher and expert...are undergraduates or PhD students who are just starting their journey into science. Others are experienced...Crowdfight is also open to other topics.  In this new stage of the project we are focusing on what we call “...-and-error. A recommendation for the correct statistical test can save a retraction. Today, collaborations...

... beneath it. You can jump to the different time stamps in the description to watch any sections you’re...watching the whole livestream for a more holistic understand of reproducibility issues and their potential...limits of knowledge as they develop new ways of understanding how the body works, generating new therapeutics...have intricacies that aren’t always mentioned in static written protocols. It is therefore a bit ridiculous...reproducibility is making sure that others can understand your analyses and repeat them. Companies like...initial hypothesis through validation are easier to understand. The need for great stories has, however, made...experiments with too few replicates leading to suspect statistical significance (you can read more about this problem...

...causes instability: CoIE1 encodes a determinant essential for plasmid monomerization and stability. Cell...Multimeric plasmids are also considered to be less stable and more prone to being lost in bacterial cells... of multimer present in your sample. In these instances, please note that the supercoiled dimer band can...1981). E. coli strains such as DH5α, HB101, NEB Stable, Stbl3, etc., are recA- mutant strains, and therefore...the transformed bacterial culture into the late stationary phase. Growing the culture at a lower temperature...R, Walther W, Michel ML, Schmeer M. Long-term stability study and topology analysis of plasmid DNA by ...direction are the secrets of multicopy plasmid stability. Mol Microbiol. 1998 Sep;29(5):1137-45. doi: 10.1046...

...lab members stay around? Is it too long or do they leave prematurely? Do lab alumni stay in the same ...why not? It may not be a bad thing if the lab has stayed that size on purpose, but it could also be a sign...is workplace bullying? Threats to professional status – including belittling opinions, public professional...discipline or competence procedures Threats to personal standing – including undermining personal integrity, destructive...impossible deadlines, unnecessary disruptions Destabilization – including failure to acknowledge good work... observe grant writing? Get equipment quotes? Understand administrative responsibilities? Is the work ...on more than one project at a time or over their stay in the lab? Do all lab members attend scientific...

... our scientific support staff receives – in fact, the blog originally started as a way to easily store...Thus, we are constantly updating our content to reflect the newest breakthroughs and standards. It’s always... be surprised to learn that Addgene’s mission statement extends beyond plasmids, AAVs, and antibodies ...in the spring of 2022. The first step was to understand information our guide needed to have. Through...someone new to antibodies might need to successfully start using them at the bench, along with questions we...Making content is an iterative process. We are constantly reviewing the resources we currently offer to...

...repeating your work or making similar mistakes in the future. Stay organized Set up a table of contents...computer at the command line, and so was really starting from the beginning. Luckily, a fellow graduate...that it is helpful to those of you just getting started. The practices suggested here may seem tedious ... the analyses: Goal: Before you begin, briefly state the goal of the analysis, including background on... you to perform this analysis. Having a clearly stated, specific goal for each analysis will help you ...computer and is just another name for a folder. For instance, your Desktop directory contains the folders and...code does are very useful for those that are just starting out, and helps clarify the role of the code. ...

... microorganisms, yeast have both a stable haploid and diploid state which is useful for genetic analysis...will catch you up on the core replication and resistance features of yeast vectors and explain how they...the yeast chromosome; however, they tend to be unstable and may be lost during budding. Yeast Centromere...single copy. Unlike the ARS vectors, CEN vectors are stable without integration. Yeast Episomal plasmids (YEp...natural yeast plasmid) allows for 50+ copies to stably propagate per cell. The copy number of these vectors... due to high rates of spontaneously occurring resistant mutants and the insensitivity of yeast strains...auxotrophic markers. The MX series of antibiotic resistance cassettes is most commonly employed, with the...

...sample into the appropriate stab culture Grow the stab culture Ship the stab culture to the proper location... track the location, quality, growth, and legal status of thousands of plasmids a day, like we do at Addgene...some require going back two steps, some require starting over entirely, and our software needs to handle...corresponding entry in your database. Enjoy your happy lab staff. Barcoded materials make everyone's life easier... tricky procedure failed and one of your techs started over with a new tube. In the first example we’... valid technical reasons to choose a non-Python stack, but if you're working with scientists it's unlikely...

...other references to scientific literature to substantiate the facts upon which it builds. This means you...to relevant primary research articles. Then just start reading and following citations through the literature...Reading primary research literature The best way to understand scientific papers is to practice reading them...give you just enough information to allow you to understand the research question that will be addressed....Is the data of sufficient quality (error bars, statistics, clarity in images etc)? Did they perform all...publication, it doesn’t mean that there are no mistakes or misinterpretations. After all, the science ...research area. Set a goal for paper-reading, even starting out at 1 paper/week will be useful. Check out ...

...immunogenic proteins generated Stable integration into host genome and stable expression of the transgene... generations of lentiviral vectors have been established so far, with safety increasing in each generation...stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G) that improves the stability and broadens the cellular tropism of the viral... In this case, your gene is repressed in steady state and is expressed when Dox is added to the culture...particles expressing proto-oncogenes or oncogenes for instance should be manipulated with care. See the NIH’s...well. Quickly after transfection (4-8h), cells start releasing viral particles into the culture supernatant...found very effective for T cells transduction for instance. I hope you will find this information useful...

... embryonic stem cell stage using one of several techniques. The longest standing technique is the injection...Mice are a common model organism used to understand mammalian traits and genetically engineered mouse... to create engineered mouse models at embryonic stages, and the pros and cons of different genome editing...experiments. Inbred mice are particularly useful for understanding a specific effect related to an experimental...positive selection marker such as an antibiotic resistance gene is also included to select for successfully...which is then implanted into a female animal for gestation. Nucleases that induce double-stranded DNA breaks...which is then implanted into a female mouse for gestation. All three can introduce multiple base pair deletions...

...you need to start a whole new blot? Never fear: membrane stripping is here! Rather than start over, you...whole new gel and membrane transfer. Let’s get started! Before you begin In the best case, you know ahead...stripping and reprobing, maximize your signal by starting with the least-abundant protein and working toward...antibodies will require harsher stripping to remove, so start with the weaker binding ones first to preserve your... produces colored precipitates that permanently stain the membrane, making that section of the blot unusable... loss. If you are still optimizing your system, start with a mild stripping solution and move onto a stringent...incubation times, or try the stringent solution if you started with the mild one. Reprobe Once your membrane is...

...trials has been outstanding, with almost all patients experiencing sustained and substantial relief from ...clinical trial for SCD in 2022 and Editas Medicine starting a Cas12-based clinical trial for SCD in 2022 as...targeting the diseased allele specifically. Early-stage trials showed a high success rate in clearing misfolded...above! There are many, many more in the earlier stages of the pipeline, ones that have experienced hiccups...diseases, blindness, and diabetes. Directions and obstacles for future CRISPR therapies CRISPR technology ...systemic approaches, has its own unique set of obstacles. Thus far, several targeted therapies have taken...

...inbox. Best uses Staying up-to-date on new publications in your field. Feeds are constantly updated, so you...challenge is finding relevant papers. The latest installment of the Early Career Researcher Toolbox will highlight...articles related to your actual interests while also staying on top of the ever expanding body of biomedical...characters! Using Twitter to find papers  You’ll need to start following relevant accounts in order to turn Twitter...Scientists: Following other scientists helps you stay on top of what others are studying and gives you...keywords. It’s sort of like a keyword search that’s constantly updated. This Twitter list contains >300 Twitter... papers are published, similar to Facebook or Instagram. Key features Setting up a personalized feed is...

...The day has arrived; you’ve painstakingly cared for your packaging cell line, prepped your DNA, transfected...to move ahead with your infection and make your stable cell line. While we’ve all experienced the pressure...transductions should not be rushed into. Before you start any transduction, you should always titer your virus...components such as LTRs, gag, WPRE, antibiotic resistance-genes, or the transgene itself. Many researchers...are used as it eliminates the need for antibody staining. Check Out Our In-Depth Fluoresence Titering Protocol...Another popular approach utilizes the antibiotic resistance genes carried on transfer plasmids. Target cells... one copy integrates, selecting by antibiotic-resistance or single cell sorting based on expression of...

...significantly higher than standard “wired” optogenetics but may become the standard in the future. Now that...by guest blogger Derek Simon. The surgeries and standard molecular neuroscience validation experiments ...Light is able to penetrate brain tissue a short distance so ideal implant placement should be about 0.4...significantly increases. Before you get your experiment started, you will need a laser of the appropriate wavelength...channel, Channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2), exists in several states: closed/light receptive, open, closed/light insensitive...light must be delivered in pulses. An example of a standard stimulation parameter is 20Hz (laser output), ...source itself. Pulse generation (TTL pulse) is a standard electronics protocol not specific to lasers or...

... to all our #DeckTheLab contestants!           View this post on Instagram                     A...December 12, 2022          View this post on Instagram                     A post shared by 草方 (@gracie_fang...take photos, and then share them on Twitter or Instagram with #DeckTheLab and tagging us, @addgene to be...get you out of.           View this post on Instagram                     A post shared by Xi Chen...picture or video for either contest on Twitter or Instagram by December 31, 2022.  Follow @Addgene, use the...and reveal the winning entries on Twitter and Instagram! Happy decorating, all, and to all a good light...