We narrowed to 833 results for: ins
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TypeBlog PostPublishedSept. 26, 2024, 1:15 p.m....restriction enzyme cloning uses short sticky ends to insert genes into plasmid backbones, base pairing between...absence of the other dNTPs. Once the vector and insert are (separately) digested to create 10–12 base ...on the power of homologous recombination. SLIC inserts and linearized vectors must have homologous DNA...imprecise T4 digestion (no dNTPs needed), allows both insert and vector to be digested in the same tube. Alternatively...these approaches require higher concentrations of insert to succeed. 5′ overhangs are generated in the linearized... be used with different types of PCR-generated inserts. By harnessing the power of DNA repair, you can...
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Viral Vectors 101: Viral Vector Elements
TypeBlog PostPublishedJuly 25, 2023, 1 p.m....interact with the host. This is the role of Gag proteins: they contain the matrix, capsid, and nucleocapsid...assembly, and display. Pol, the last component, contains the reverse transcriptase and integrase components...convert the cargo from RNA to DNA and permanently insert the cargo into the host genome. Lentiviral-specific... Viral packaging and entry The viral packaging proteins for AAV are rep and cap. Rep is required for viral...discussed. LXs/Iva2 are primarily capsid assembly proteins required for packaging of the virus into particles...Resources Kulanayake, S., Tikoo, S. K. Adenovirus Core Proteins: Structure and Function. Viruses. 2021 13(3):388... -
Viral Vectors 101: Types of viruses
TypeBlog PostPublishedJune 6, 2023, 1:15 p.m....proto-oncogenes and disrupt their expression (Robinson, 1982). To add insult to injury, retroviruses generally have...This viral DNA (also called proviral DNA) is then inserted into the host's genome and is used to make more...virus-specific elements such as the LTRs or structural proteins are not interchangeable between the two systems...Adenovirus generally has high immunogenicity, but some strains have been engineered to induce a lower inflammatory...immunogenicity low! References and Resources References Robinson HL. Retroviruses and cancer. Rev Infect Dis. 1982... -
Plasmids 101: Methylation and Restriction Enzymes
TypeBlog PostPublishedJune 30, 2016, 2:30 p.m....if not methylated (if it comes from a phage for instance). Aside from restriction modification systems,...effectively cleave DNA. Common lab E. coli K12 strains such as DH5alpha contain 3 methylases that recognize...Dam or Dcm methylation, you can ensure this site remains unblocked by first cloning your DNA into a dam–...and re-purifying it. These specialized E. coli strains have been specifically engineered to be Dam and...those sites. Please keep in mind that dam-/dcm- strains may have an increased rate of mutation (as these...in mis-match repair functions of Dam), so these strains should not be used for long term storage. Additional... -
How to Keep a Lab Notebook for Bioinformatic Analyses
TypeBlog PostPublishedJune 2, 2016, 2:30 p.m....another name for a folder. For instance, your Desktop directory contains the folders and files that you...including background on other analyses that have inspired you to perform this analysis. Having a clearly...multiple projects in a given day. For example, instead of naming a file “output” name the file “1_output...subsequent word in a file name after the first word begins with a capital letter and words are not separated...temporarily used. Just be sure that the original code remains in tact! Take notes Comment in your scripts: ... -
Protein Tagging with CRISPR/Cas9: A Conversation with Mendenhall and Myers
TypeBlog PostPublishedJuly 28, 2015, 2:30 p.m....small percentage of the proteins inside a cell have a commercial antibody against them. There’s also a question...Mendenhall of the University of Alabama in Huntsville explains it, a major goal in his laboratory is to understand...track down every last one of those gene regulatory proteins and the places in the genome where they can be.... If things work correctly, the second plasmid inserts a small epitope tag called FLAG at the end of the... -
Pooled CRISPR Libraries Offer Genome-Wide Control for Large-Scale Functional Screens
TypeBlog PostPublishedFeb. 24, 2015, 7:50 p.m....and control genes, but according to the Broad Institute's Silvana Konermann, the first generation of CRISPR-Cas9...recognized as an ideal spot to fuse the activators instead of at the protein’s C terminus. With that new design... and knew she was on the right track. The next insight was to assemble a synthetic transcription activation...complex consisting of multiple distinct effector domains that work together synergistically, modeled after...CRISPRa) sgRNA library uses the sunCas9 system and contains 10 sgRNAs for each transcription start site in...The transcriptional repressor (CRISPRi) library contains 10 sgRNAs for each transcription start site in... -
Plasmids 101: Yeast Vectors
TypeBlog PostPublishedFeb. 25, 2014, 7:11 p.m....occurring resistant mutants and the insensitivity of yeast strains to some antibiotics. Auxotrophy is ...bacteria, yeast can post-translationally modify proteins yet they still share many of the same technical...replication (Please note: This first section primarily pertains to ORIs in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae...other hand, do not require a well defined ORI. Instead, the size and A-T content of the DNA (apparently...compound required for its growth. Many auxotrophic strains of yeast exist which can be easily maintained when... -
Plasmids 101: Modular Cloning Applications and Kits
TypeBlog PostPublishedMay 14, 2024, 1:15 p.m....multiplexing of sgRNAs against unique genomic targets or multiple sgRNAs against the same target to ensure...protein purification and metabolic engineering. If instead you want to build genetic circuits and would benefit...library of parts but don’t need to add tags to your proteins, then the CIDAR Kit is an excellent option (Iverson...system includes a toolkit to express recombinant proteins within the mitochondrial matrix. Figure...can be repurposed for CRISPR applications (gene insert = Cas9 + gRNA), Addgene distributes specialized...of a Toolkit for the Expression of Heterologous Proteins in Yeast Mitochondria.” BMC Biotechnology, vol... -
Hot Plasmids April 2018 - Protein Degradation, Nanoscopy, FIRE-Cas9, and Yeast Expression Tools
TypeBlog PostPublishedApril 23, 2018, 2 p.m.... ZIF268 DNA binding domains fused to either the hER or hPR ligand binding domains and the MSN2 transactivation...Schuh labs. Clift et al. applied TRIM-away to nine proteins in ten ddifferent cell types, including difficult-to-manipulate...TRIM-Away is suitable for both short-and long-lived proteins, and it can even distinguish between protein variants... STED nanoscopy Article contributed by Eric J. Perkins Listen to Endosomal pH Sensors podcast segment ...plasmids encoding fluorescent reporters and other proteins controlled by GAL4 and ZIF268. To demonstrate ... -
Supporting Rare Disease Research with the 2020 BeHEARD Awards
TypeBlog PostPublishedSept. 8, 2020, 2 p.m....The Rare Genomics Institute BeHEARD (Helping Empower and Accelerate Research Discoveries) Challenge provides...our fourth year working with the Rare Genomics Institute by providing plasmid-based tools for rare disease...Addgene to set up assays to see what molecules or proteins are involved in IL-36 release in keratinocytes... valve (an aortic valve that has two leaflets, instead of three) and acute aortic dissections (a tear ...standing interest in the biology of GPCRs and G proteins, with an emphasis on oligomerization, signalling...Resources Find out more about the Rare Genomics Institute and this year's BeHeard Award! ... -
Troubleshooting Your Plasmid Cloning Experiment
TypeBlog PostPublishedSept. 24, 2019, 12:55 p.m....plasmid is the correct expected size and contains the correct insert Sequence the regions that have been amplified...DNA. As a general rule, try to use an excess of insert compared to the backbone plasmid; a starting point...point could be a molar ratio of 1:2 (plasmid:insert), but this parameter has to be optimized according...transforming the ligation mix in different bacterial strains (stbl2, NEB stable, etc.), and/or use a different...primers. If not, design primers to sequence your insert. When you get your sequencing results back, you... -
What's New in CRISPR - November 2021
TypeBlog PostPublishedNov. 18, 2021, 2:15 p.m....genomic deletions with or without small insertions. But, instead, PEDAR couples this deletion process to...mammalian cells, especially when fused to effector proteins for gene activation or gene editing. The more ... lab adapted the native PEG10 RNA sequences to instead drive packaging of cargo sequences in the capsid...it is also capable of coding concurrent small insertions to allow in-frame deletions and introduce epitope...mouse model of tyrosinemia, where a pathogenic insertion within the FAH gene was precisely corrected, restoring... -
Developing Lab Management Software for Biology
TypeBlog PostPublishedAug. 25, 2016, 2:30 p.m.... learned over the years with the hope that our insights can help steer you in the right direction when... in our current setup, there are no explicit instructions on what to do when something fails. While we... through which she could easily transfer her instructions for dealing with the samples to newer lab members... ourselves up for success by giving explicit instructions to lab members through the software if there...collisions you may encounter: vector, sequence, insert, trait, factor, expression, etc.There are also ...biology terms (plasmid, 5-prime, CRISPR, growth strains, vector backbone, etc.) and you simply don't have... -
CRISPR Meets Synthetic Biology: A Conversation with MIT’s Christopher Voigt
TypeBlog PostPublishedApril 22, 2015, 2:06 p.m....As Christopher Voigt explains it, his lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has been “working...create an almost limitless number of DNA binding proteins with Cas9 guided by different promoters. The challenge... genetic circuits is getting enough regulatory proteins that don’t interfere with each other. CRISPR is...much easier it is to work with than regulatory proteins. There are still things we haven’t solved that...Nothing too much more sophisticated. There are also proteins, like antibodies. But we are really just using... -
Working with Nuclear Receptors
TypeBlog PostPublishedJuly 15, 2014, 4:03 p.m....controlled by deliberate and compulsory actions instigated by the central nervous system signaling to peripheral...sensors for a diverse set of fat-soluble hormones, vitamins, and dietary lipids. Included in this family are...progesterone, androgens, and estrogens), fat-soluble vitamins A and D, thyroid hormone, fatty acids, oxysterols...composed of a tightly-bound invariant group of proteins, whereas the more loosely bound co-coregulators...explain how more than 300 different coactivator proteins individually contribute to cell regulation in ...acetyltransferase to luciferase, the basic assay remains widely used today. The sheer abundance of these... -
Progress Towards a PAM-Free CRISPR
TypeBlog PostPublishedMarch 7, 2024, 2:39 p.m....or non-existent PAM requirement, and how these proteins are advantageous in today’s genome editing landscape...the site in question (Kwart et al, 2017). To add insult to injury, the most utilized PAM sequence, that...requirements. Luckily, there are some available. Cas proteins that don’t utilize NGG There are plenty of Cas9...same PAM preference of NG was isolated by the Kleinstiver Lab (read more on this lab's other developments...developments below!) (Walton et. al, 2020). These Cas proteins have everything we know and love about Cas9, but...and location. Nearly PAM-less editing The Kleinstiver lab sought to address the PAM problem through... -
Mobile-CRISPRi: Bringing CRISPRi to Diverse Bacteria
TypeBlog PostPublishedApril 4, 2019, 12:53 p.m....resistance selection markers, gRNAs, and dCas9 proteins. Second, it can be introduced into a broader range...tnsB, tnsC, tnsD, and tnsE), and a plasmid that contains the Mobile CRISPRi cassette flanked by left and...recipient's genome. Antibiotic plates lacking DAP select against donor bacteria and for recipients with an integrated...CRISPRi to non-model bacteria including pathogenic strains and environmental isolates. For example, Peters...expressed RFP reporter, was variable across bacterial strains, ranging from an ~8 to 150-fold reduction, with...the relative frequency of each of the 40 library strains was measured after 6 and 12 generations with or... -
Degrading DNA with Cascade-Cas3
TypeBlog PostPublishedFeb. 11, 2025, 2:15 p.m...., and Cas11. Type I-E Cascades contains all five of these Cas proteins, while type I-C Cascades do not...boundaries defined by anti-CRISPR proteins or running into other proteins naturally bound to the DNA. Cas3...The helicase domain is then activated, and Cas3 begins unraveling the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in what...Cas9 vs. The Other Cas(s) CRISPR 101: Anti-CRISPR Proteins Switch Off CRISPR-Cas Systems INTEGRATE: Bacterial... -
Common Injection Routes in Mice
TypeBlog PostPublishedJan. 22, 2025, 9:42 p.m.... as “instillation” or “gavage,” as they do not require any punctures. Intratracheal instillation Intratracheal...Skill required: advanced Intranasal instillation Intranasal instillation is very similar to its intratracheal...compounds, as circulation is slower, and more institutional oversight is required. Restraint: mechanical...Intratracheal instillation is used to deliver substances directly to the lungs. It is an advanced technique...