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TypeBlog PostPublishedJuly 23, 2024, 2:17 p.m....’ll be confident in what to expect. No system, including MTAs, is perfect, but it does provide consistency...1995: the UBMTA. Because biological materials are widely varied with many properties, having well-understood...Instead, we facilitate the signing of MTAs by the Provider and Recipient (in Addgene parlance, the depositor...plasmids are distributed under the UBMTA, which is widely used across academia. It’s our process that differs...to note that it’s the depositing institute that decides the terms of distribution for their plasmids. ...Webpage, help center articles, and our MTA YouTube video for more information. Happy transferring! Many...
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Summer SciComm Series: A PhD in Science Communication
TypeBlog PostPublishedAug. 23, 2022, 1:15 p.m.... took classes in biochemistry, microbiology, epidemiology, and bioanthropology. Studying human health ...doing in the lab and the interactions I was having outside of the “ivory tower.” I’d spend the afternoon lovingly...survived this long without downing any dihydrogen monoxide (H2O). Studying science communication as a PhD...quality of the study design or by their preconceived ideas about the controversial medical issues. Participants...beliefs even though all three texts were otherwise identical. Likewise, when participants read an abstract ...in a behaviour called the “biased evaluation of evidence,” in which people (conscious or unconsciously)..., looking for reasons to dismiss them. There’s evidence to show that people with greater levels of science... -
Viral Vectors 101: Inverted Terminal Repeats
TypeBlog PostPublishedOct. 19, 2023, 1:15 p.m.... AAV (rAAV) vector (Figure 1). Everything else outside the ITRs gets left behind. Figure 1: Recombinant....com. ITR structure ITRs are symmetrical 145-nucleotide sequences that flank the ends of the single stranded...Figure 2). Additionally, the ITR contains a 4-nucleotide Rep binding element (RBE) that serves as a binding...sequences. GC tails are often located immediately outside of the ITRs in the plasmid backbone and do not ...since analysis of individual reads allows for identification of non-dominant ITR sequences. Restriction...Capsids More resource on Addgene.org Addgene's AVV guide AAV Viral Preps References Earley, L. F., Conatser...Alexander, I. E., & Logan, G. J. (2019). A User’s Guide to the Inverted Terminal Repeats of Adeno-Associated... -
25 Work From Home Tips for Scientists
TypeBlog PostPublishedMarch 19, 2020, 1:15 p.m....yoga classes. Get outdoors. Taking a walk or a bike ride is a great activity for both exercise and clearing... times of stress due to #COVIDー19. Receive and provide support while being safe. @GHP_HarvardChan — Shekhar... (individual development plan) from Science to identify skills to work on for the next steps in your career...networking events. Download Addgene’s Science Career guide to learn more about career paths and things you ... Everyone. Plan out new experiments carefully. Consider submitting a registered report, where peer review...is based on the methods, not the results. Also consider using this framework to design your future experiments...Technique. Co-work virtually. With co-working, the idea is not necessarily to chat, but to mimic your usual... -
Resume Writing for Non-academic Science Careers
TypeBlog PostPublishedDec. 18, 2014, 4:06 p.m....Services - includes videos on general resume writing, as well as additional videos with emphasis for graduate...Relations Director for Curiosity Collider (hyperlink https://curiositycollider.org/) , which she co-founded, ...applying for the position? Here are a few things to consider when you're preparing your resume for a non-academic...you only have two pages, you need to have a good idea of what should be highlighted on your resume, and...postings and look at the jobs you are interested in. Consider listing the skills you already have, and the skills... -
Why and how to start studying chromatin (with Addgene's help)
TypeBlog PostPublishedJune 12, 2018, 11:40 a.m....collection that grows on a daily basis, the lists below provide a snapshot of relevant resources and a good jumping...the gene you’re looking for on this list, please consider searching directly on our website. In-exhaustive... from a Set of Mitotic Chromosomes. Samwer M, Schneider MWG, Hoefler R, Schmalhorst PS, Jude JG, Zuber...DW Cell. 2017 Aug 24;170(5):956-972.e23 Screen identifies bromodomain protein ZMYND8 in chromatin recognition...receptor signaling. Zhao K, Wang W, Rando OJ, Xue Y, Swiderek K, Kuo A, Crabtree GR Cell. 1998 Nov 25. 95(5)...chromatin and the epigenome. If you have been considering some new techniques, the posts below may steer... -
A Practical Approach to Choosing the B(right)est Fluorescent Protein
TypeBlog PostPublishedJune 1, 2017, 2:30 p.m....Microscopy, University of Amsterdam. Before you decide which car you want to buy, it is worthwhile to ...tables with fluorescent protein properties and provides a quick way to compare fluorescent proteins, e.g... the protein of interest by a 2A self-cleaving peptide (Goedhart et al, 2010). An explanation of the assay...proteins (with the same reference protein) under identical conditions, a ranking of the practical brightness...practical brightness. Therefore, practical brightness provides a better picture of what can be expected in a ...theoretical brightness. Consequently, it makes sense to identify a couple of promising fluorescent proteins and...mimicking the future application. In figure 2 we provide an example of the comparison of the practical brightness... -
Addgene’s Viral Service - Why Virus? Why Now?
TypeBlog PostPublishedMarch 23, 2017, 2:30 p.m....Viral Service. With their support we are able to provide faster access to a larger number of viral preps...Karpova’s lab from Janelia Research Campus have provided valuable insight into AAV production. Finally...advice and encouragement. Why virus? Why did we decide to take on this project? Addgene’s mission is to...plasmids in a ready-to-use viral format. Having identified this need in the community, we approached it ...control, generates educational materials, and provides viral vector technical service (details about ...expertise in answering questions on virus and helping provide educational resources on this collection. With ... we could ship internationally and be ready to provide extensive logistics support for export and shipping... -
Viral Vectors 101: Gamma-Retroviral Packaging Systems
TypeBlog PostPublishedAug. 6, 2024, 1:15 p.m....infectivity): The use of the VSV-G envelope provides the widest tropism or range of cells a virus can infect...The widespread use of γ-retroviruses (gamma-retroviruses) in cancer and stem cell research has prompted...into the 293T packaging cell line. This system provides the greatest flexibility to pseudotype γ-retrovirus...encoded by the transfer plasmid, but instead are provided in trans by other plasmids or the packaging cell...terminal repeats; U3-R-U5 regions found on either side of a retroviral provirus (see below). Cloning capacity...Protocols: General Transfection The Addgene Retrovirus Guide ... -
Hot Plasmids - May 2022
TypeBlog PostPublishedMay 26, 2022, 1:15 p.m....subcellular localization peptide. By combining three different localization peptides with four different fluorescent...through our hot plasmids articles. These articles provide brief summaries of recent plasmid deposits and ...nanobody-GFP interaction). The modularity of the system provides researchers better flexibility and makes the approach...therapeutics to the CNS, and with reduced systemic side effects, by allowing the user to select for variants... those shown here, only AAV.CAP-B10 causes brain wide expression, with no liver expression, after retro-orbital...mixed-subclone system using mStrawberry, localization peptides, and reporters that drive the expression of the... -
Sweating the Small Stuff: Details in the Lab
TypeBlog PostPublishedFeb. 8, 2022, 2:15 p.m....the lab and you're sweating the small stuff? Identifying the Issue You can’t fix an experiment by simply... work. Draw your plate maps onto your plates, alongside your physical copy. If you’ve got messy handwriting...experiment than it is to rerun an experiment, so consider your prep an investment in accuracy. Bench setup...you add them. Moving your reagents from your left side to your right as you use them can help you remember...to whom I am forever grateful, I started setting aside 3-5 minutes to sit quietly at my bench before the... to a protocol if you’re in a hurry, but let’s consider it this way: When you’re stressed or rushing, ...20Blotting.pdf More resources on Addgene’s blog A Guide to Getting Started in Undergrad Research Early Career... -
Viral Vectors 101: Viruses as Biological Tools
TypeBlog PostPublishedMarch 21, 2023, 1:15 p.m....can be engineered to be cell type specific. Once inside the host cell, the virus unleashes its cargo – ...transduction efficiency and can effectively infect a wide range of cell types that are typically ‘difficult...viruses have a low immunogenicity which makes them ideal for applications with whole organisms. Finally, ...right approach for your experiment, you’ll need to decide exactly which type of virus to use. Types of viruses...genome into the host genome, setting up permanent residence. They primarily infect dividing cells, as their...signals which can traffic their viral particles inside the nucleus, without the need for envelope disassembly...clinical applications, viruses are true bench to bedside tools. Keep an eye out for our upcoming blogs on... -
7 Tips to Secure a STEAM Internship This Summer
TypeBlog PostPublishedFeb. 2, 2021, 2:15 p.m....Encourage your close peers to come along for the ride, and consider applying to several opportunities. In an ...academic resources, we created STEAMid, for a nationwide database of STEAM internships for high school...order to gain a competitive advantage this cycle, consider the advice below: 1. Eligibility check Scrutinize...and grades that serve as automated filters of consideration. If you are worried about any eligibility provision...to writing a solid personal statement will pay dividends. This is the only opportunity where you get to...ahead for success. Every student should use these guidelines consistently across a number of years as you ... -
Back to Bacteria: CRISPR gRNA Multiplexing Using tRNAs
TypeBlog PostPublishedJune 2, 2015, 6:06 p.m....modification of multiple genes is often necessary. Guide RNAs (gRNAs) are commonly packaged in 400-500 bp...terminator. These relatively large cassettes (considering the gRNA itself is ~100 bases) limit the number...cleaved precisely as predicted with no addition of nucleotides to the 5’ spacers. The 3’ ends were modified ...tRNA-gRNA-tRNA constructs. gRNAs with any 5’ leading nucleotide could be processed, a distinct advantage over...over other methods that favor certain nucleotides at the 5’ end. PTG construct schematics. Scissors indicate...frequency at the four loci, indicating that Cas9 can be guided to at least 8 distinct loci. They also examined...this publication at Addgene Dimeric CRISPR RNA-guided FokI nucleases for highly specific genome editing... -
An “elegans” Approach to Better CRISPR/Cas9 Editing Efficiency
TypeBlog PostPublishedDec. 17, 2020, 1:30 p.m....transformed the palette of experiments possible in a wide range of organisms and cell lines. In C. elegans... on repair of a conditional-lethal mutation to identify edits with minimal screening effort. Selecting...504 restriction digests of PCR products used to identify a single 2xFLAG knock-in by direct screening. ...several aspects of editing. First, they devised guidelines for designing single-stranded repair templates...from a single injected animal. PAM sequence considerations For changes 5’ to the PAM, sequences corresponding...non-homologous sequence or a series of single-nucleotide substitutions along a 1.5 kb tract, all without...CRISPR in C. elegans The Meyer and Mello labs also identified several experimental set ups that could improve... -
Seven Tips for Using LinkedIn as a Scientist
TypeBlog PostPublishedOct. 1, 2019, 1:21 p.m....is planning or might need to plan for a career outside academia (that would be pretty much all scientists...usually visible to you (unless they’ve chosen to hide it). While most people use LinkedIn messaging, not... should be asking yourself if it’s really a good idea. Pro tip: Don’t hit the connect button unless you...your network. If someone has connected with me, I consider them fair game for connecting to others. Pro ...can type a full note with good format without accidentally sending before you’ve had a chance to proof ...including and especially the hiring manager. This is considered intrusive and it’s still connecting with a stranger... people’s news and updates. Share your own good ideas, events and favorite resources. Respect the network... -
Plasmid Tools for Microbiome Studies
TypeBlog PostPublishedJune 27, 2019, 12:25 p.m....sequencing. Sequencing the 16S rRNA reveals the identity of the organisms present while sequencing of all...gives clues into what the microbes are doing. But aside from sequencing, scientists can also study the microbiome...limited and many microbes are difficult to culture outside of their natural environment. Thus, the Harris ...tested this system in vitro and in vivo. They identified cells from 19 genera across four phyla that have...conjugation in vivo studies. However, they only identified seven genera in in vitro experiments, possibly...Clostridium difficile. As mRNA expression cannot be identified with DNA-based qPCR methods, the ability to detect...Monitoring microbial population dynamics in the gut can provide insight into how the microbiome responds to infection... -
Choosing the B(right)est Fluorescent Protein: Aggregation Tendency
TypeBlog PostPublishedJune 15, 2017, 2:30 p.m....in cells? This question is largely unanswered. Ideally, fluorescent proteins should act as inert modules...understand how well fluorescent proteins approach this ideal situation, cellular assays have been proposed. Early...homodimerization tendency. This assay employs a peptide derived from cytochrome p450, CytERM, to direct... looking cells can be counted. This assay will provide information on the dimerization tendency in living... interest will be problem-free. In figure 1 we provide an example of the OSER assay with a number of fluorescent...mScarlet-I shows correct ER labeling, which is good evidence that mScarlet-I acts as a monomer in the cell ...preprint, or documenting it in some other way. Besides the data, new plasmids and/or cells or organisms... -
Rosella: A Fluorescent pH-Biosensor for Studying Autophagy
TypeBlog PostPublishedApril 13, 2017, 2:30 p.m....LC3 doesn’t provide information about the contents of the autophagosome nor does it provide information...an autophagy inhibitor. While this method does provide a quantitative measure of autophagy, it only measures...studying autophagy. This method relies on the identification of autophagic structures based on morphology...morphology. Autophagosomes are relatively easy to identify: double-membraned structures containing undigested...with the vacuole or a lysosome are trickier to identify because their contents can be at various stages...Protein Plasmids and Resources Fluorescent Protein Guide: Biosensors Keima, another fluorescent pH-biosensor... -
Addgene: The First Twenty Years
TypeBlog PostPublishedDec. 19, 2024, 2:15 p.m....across the globe. “Read the Addgene guide: https://www.addgene.org/guides/crispr/” — SirHamhands, responding... scientists. She, Kenneth Fan, and Benjie Chen decided to start an open science nonprofit that would facilitate...navigate. This meant we could grow accessibility alongside our repository. “I’m sure you hear it all the...created are for the community. More than 100 labs worldwide use our plasmids. I hope they contribute to great...we realized we could use the same principles to provide recombinant antibodies, another plasmid-based product...including our new Antibodies 101 eBook, the Antibody Guide, and two antibody animations. A blast ...