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...both brain function and dysfunction. First, let’s start with the basics: What is optogenetics? Optogenetics...Controlling neurons with light In 2005, a team from Stanford University, led by neurobiologist Karl Deisseroth... central nervous system due to their relatively stable extra-chromosomally long-term expression and low... arousal in mice previously subjected to steady-state general anesthesia (Taylor et al., 2016). These ...therefore, an ideal partner to optogenetics to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the ...

...education content. This work exemplifies our long-standing commitment to be responsive to the community’s...environment. In particular, we are working to understand what challenges remain in materials sharing, ...innovation around the world. As always, we seek to understand our role in opening up science to help create...therefore embarking on a strategic refresh to understand this new world and our place in it. This period...

... the bioluminescent properties observed in the crystal jellyfish Aequorea victoria (Figure 1) in molecular...the Pacific Ocean, off of the coast of Washington state. Using these samples, he was able to isolate two... time. After Chalfie’s work, scientists really started to take notice of GFP, and began to realize its...resulted in much of our current mechanistic understanding of GFP’s function. His lab described the protein...

...like I understand the science but my prior HR experience at Harvard Medical School means I understand the... like “How do you start to bring people back to on-site work?” and “How do you start to expand operations...

...addition to learning how to be a scientist. Why not stack the deck in your favor? Look for opportunities to... amazing students at Washington University who started the BALSA group, a nonprofit that provides short-term...stick to timelines Be a mentor in a formal program Start something (a journal, a science lunch club, a biotech...by Peggy Klaus Looking for a mentor or want to start a peer mentoring group? "What Makes a Good Mentor...

...other name would…probably still edit genomes. Understanding the different types of CRISPR systems can be...will help you gain a deeper appreciation and understanding of CRISPR, and perhaps provide insights and ...main aspects of each class and type are easy to understand. Classes are based on the main Cas effector; ...highly unlikely that you will have to know and understand all the minute differences between the CRISPR...Makarova, K. S., Wolf, Y. I., Alkhnbashi, O. S., Costa, F., Shah, S. A., Saunders, S. J., Barrangou, R....

...cellular milieu. It is, therefore, critical to understand how proteins interact with one another (or with...tagged proteins can be immunoprecipitated using a standard tag-specific antibody (Jarvik and Telmer 1998)...Figure 1). In the first step of optimization, we started off by using custom synthetic two-part cr/tracrRNAs...and then analyzed for tagging efficiency using standard immunocytochemistry (ICC) assays.  Figure 1: ...a crRNA cutting 8-15 bp upstream of your gene’s Start codon will be suitable). For N-terminus tagging,...

...meet everyone but this never happened. I actually started at a later date and worked entirely virtually. ... I was able to express my visions for what my Instagram posts would look like. While working remotely ...continuing Addgene’s Meet an Addgenie Series on Instagram. I interviewed fellow Addgenies about their role... Some of recent Meet an Addgenie posts on Instagram! From this project, I observed what it was ...

...requires a substantial amount of properly folded, relatively pure protein, but getting to this stage is often...Additional tags may be used to improve protein stability and solubility. Determining the best way to express...Ni-NTA resin. MBP improves protein solubility and stability. TRX and signal peptide tags help proteins with...

...Mentee? Q1. What makes a good science mentor? I started a conversation about many of these topics with ... Be?” In this excellent essay Acclimatrix, an assistant professor at a research university in the northeast...trainee had such a dedicated person guiding the start of their career. “I want to be a PI that holds my...necessary power dynamic between advisor and students.” Stay tuned for the answers to the other six mentoring...

...Bachle and Matt Takvorian When COVID-19 researchers started working with us to help them share their reagents...As infection rates were increasing in the United States, and many universities and Technology Transfer ...California, San Francisco  University of Pennsylvania Stanford University University of Iowa University of Minnesota...Proteins, and plasmids from several labs at Florida State University became openly available. Find plasmids...

...until now, you’ve always had to call the United States - Cambridge, MA to be exact. Today, that changes...London and operated in collaboration with LGC Standards. And now you’ll be able to call us - Benoit Giquel... Plasmid sharing in Europe: Addgene’s request statistics Since 2004, Addgene has shipped more than 75,...Years of Plasmid Sharing: Interested in more statistics from Addgene's 10 years of plasmid sharing? ...

... If you start poking around on Addgene’s Fluorescent Protein Guide to In Vivo Imaging, you’ll pretty ...allowing higher resolution in samples containing substantial autofluorescence background.” Just last month...genetically-encoded probes by making them brighter, more photostable, smaller, and less toxic to cells. They’d like...answers will be there.     References: Bright and stable near-infrared fluorescent protein for in vivo imaging...

...they also went in search of genes involved in resistance to the cancer drug vemurafenib. Enriched libraries...infection into target cells that have previously been stably transfected for Cas9 expression. The Yusa lab has... screen for genes involved in bacterial toxin resistance, identifying 4 previously unknown genes.  “With... Institute. “This will greatly aid efforts to understand the function of both protein-coding genes as ...

...construct. DNA and gRNA are not to scale.   Let’s start with the simplest multiplexing situation: you only...number. First you generate four unique kanamycin-resistant plasmids, each containing a different gRNA target... all but one of your gRNAs into spectinomycin-resistant plasmids pX330S-2 to pX330S-(last gRNA number)...: Comparison of Multiplex Strategies including Standard PolIII-gRNA cassette, Csy4-cleavable cassette,...dicot plants, with a choice of either hygromycin or Basta selection. Yang Lab Single Transcript Multiplexing...

...you choose this status for your plasmids. In fact, almost half of all new deposits start out with this ...routinely review deposits that are left in the hold status and reach out to depositors about them, but we ...ensure that plasmids don’t get left behind in this status — a win-win situation for all. Addgene will release...

...observed in the kidneys at a specific developmental stage you could infer that the gene which GFP was monitoring...Development-specific genes – if a gene functions at multiple stages in development, its depletion may result in lethality... the depletion of one another. Under these circumstances, trap methods may be the preferred screening... in fact, they can be activated a considerable distance away from a gene which can make identification...

...recognized and operated as a nonprofit under the United States Internal Revenue Code 501(c)(3). That means we ... revenue to build reserves so the company is sustainable. The difference is what nonprofits do with their...materials are affordable but enough to make us self-sustaining. With this unique model, we are able to spend...spend resources on maintaining quality and starting new initiatives as opposed to fundraising.   Aside from...

...decision making, and motor control.  What do we understand about Dopamine? DA is produced by specific dopaminergic...dopaminergic neurons in a brain region called the substantia nigra, which is the main source of the body’s...frequency, and this frequency can indicate behavioral state, for example, if someone is awake, agitated, or ...measuring Dopamine In vivo microdialysis The gold standard method of measuring DA and other neurotransmitters...

...about careers in science communication. When I started my Science Communication Internship with Addgene... success feels like a real accomplishment.” He started working on them shortly after joining IDT when ...plans together for my next 4 webinars—I have them stacked close together for the next couple of months. This...killer for science literacy. If people have to understand a lot of big words to access what you have written...