We narrowed to 465 results for: MEA;

...organisms and cells they infect. In the lab, this means viruses can be engineered to be cell type specific...viruses that infect people in nature, extra safety measures, like replication incompetent viral particles,...are required. We will be covering these safety measures in a separate, upcoming post. If a viral vector...over adenovirus is their low immunogenicity, which means they do not stimulate a strong immune response when...

...antibody is a monoclonal antibody. But what does that mean, and how do monoclonal antibodies differ from other...antibody-producing B cells that cannot replicate, meaning that only hybridomas will survive this step. Then...then used to produce all lots of the antibody, meaning that the antibodies are largely identical between...antibody that is actually produced by the hybridoma, meaning that there will be changes between lots over time...

...In the lab, it might mean persuasively articulating why the results you've measured should change established... another person.  In an interview setting, this means persuading an employer that your past work has prepared... their team.  When you're writing a grant, this means convincing a committee that your research proposal...

... attend. Make a date or two for beer, coffee or meals with colleagues you know will attend the conference...conference. Invite others to join you. A fun, memorable meal is a great way to build relationships. Make a list...leave an empty seat” here. If there are communal meals, sit with people you don’t know and put your phone...move on to science. More great tips on conference meal etiquette are here. Don’t only talk about science...

...on the signaling molecule solely asmeans of visualization. This means that if all the primary antibodies...be time to look at the indirect approach - which means it’s time to talk about secondary antibodies. While...require their own incubation and wash steps, which means that indirect methods are often significantly longer...

...processing, fixation, antigen-retrieval, and permeabilization will influence how the antibody interacts ... Selection Flow Chart    What does validated mean anyway? You now know that application validation...factor in antibody selection, but what does that mean? Not all validation is equal and you should think...proposed pillars.  Remember, validation does not mean that the antibody is guaranteed to work. Antibody-based...

...this operon can serve as a living biosensor for measuring caffeine content in samples. The Barrick lab and...concentrations in several beverages could be estimated by measuring growth of the ΔguaB pDCAF3 strain. Find the decaffeination...fLuctuation INcrease by Contact (FLINC)-based biosensors measure fluctuations of TagRFP-T fluorescence intensity...use to detect PKA activity can be generalized to measure phosphatase activity, second messenger activity...

...manager: yes, being a manager means being someone’s boss. But it does not mean shouting orders and trying...manager with your own team! But what does it really mean to manage a team? If your graduate school experience...just like you are supporting your report(s). This means that you should be able to go to your manager for...

...However, the rate of transfer was variable. They measured transfer rates by comparing the number of colonies...isolated from cheese. Knockdown efficiency, as measured by knockdown of a constitutely expressed RFP reporter...median knockdown of ~40-fold across all species measured. Beyond understanding the basic biology of bacteria...frequency of each of the 40 library strains was measured after 6 and 12 generations with or without induction...

...mice, AAV is almost entirely non-immunogenic — meaning when conducting in vivo CRISPR screens, AAV is ...types. The combination of serotypes and psuedotypes means you can customize your CRISPR screen to a high degree...improve your selection pool for downstream NGS and means you can use smaller volumes of your library for ...while AAV only has approximately 4.7 kb — which means that when using Cas9, you’re already almost out ...

...electrical potential. Thankfully, there is a tool to measure these electrical events! Voltage indicators are...They can be targeted to the plasma membrane to measure membrane potential and can also be directed to ...vitro and a small molecule is added exogenously to measure a phenotypic response in the form of fluorescence...Indicators As previously mentioned, cellular voltage is measured at the cell membrane, and this voltage is particularly...

...facilitated the development of a simple and scalable means of making targeted genetic edits. Cas9 is a DNA .... Cas9’s ability to alternately serve both as a means of modifying DNA and of modulating gene expression...lines or transgenic animals expressing dCas9 as a means of modulating gene expression (6). Altering the ...sites of interest thus represents a straightforward means of exerting tight control over Cas9 nuclease activity...

...associating with one another — which means it cannot be used to measure the dissociation of PIPs. Thus, whereas...ratios) to generate useable data. What’s more, measuring and quantifying FRET is often easier said than...BiFC experiments only require that you image and measure the fluorescence of a single FP. Your control construct...

...their small size and membrane permeability (Figure 2c). These cell-permeable Janelia Fluor (JF) dyes have...small-molecule labeling strategies is fluorogenicity, meaning the ligand exhibits low fluorescence when free ... chemistry, small size, brightness, and cell permeability. In past decades, further refinements to this...

... the presence of oxygen during maturation. This meant that the protein could be taken directly from A....can easily utilize GFP-containing plasmids as a means to many functional ends. We’ve listed our favorites...Optogenetics: Scientists can use light to detect, measure, and control molecular signals, cells, and groups...protein to use in your upcoming experiments. In the meantime, if you haven't checked out Gal's blog, you should...

...of life Sometimes, work has to come first. That means you and/or your spouse won’t be at every school ... should be sharing it absolutely equally, which means you only have one-half of the guilt. You can handle...parent(s), the sooner your kids can make a decent meal, fold their laundry, take public transportation,... to dinner this week. One swim lesson missed can mean a world of mental relaxation. And, I’m not sure ...

... in our software. What this means for us is that we can focus on the meat of the software and not waste...or you could choose to do the dishes after every meal and be reassured that your dirty dishes won’t tumble...Python 3.5. Python 2.7 is retiring this year, which means there will be no further updates, security or otherwise...

...detectable effect on cell viability – meaning there was no measurable cell toxicity – using Cas7-11. This...integration was observed in non-dividing cells, meaning that this system wasn’t dependent on the cell’s...resolved without any toxic effects to the cell. This means almost no indels and no off-target effects, giving...

...guides do not target any site in the genome. This means that while they control for many of the effects ...when really it’s not). In practical terms, this means that using safe-targeting guides as a control will...References 1. Morgens, David W., et al. "Genome-scale measurement of off-target activity using Cas9 toxicity in...Central PMCID: PMC3988262. 4. Hart, Traver, et al. "Measuring error rates in genomic perturbation screens: gold...

...that encode 20 amino acids and three stop codons, meaning that the same amino acid can be encoded by more...avoid certain codons altogether.  So what does this mean for a molecular biologist who wants to express genes...that corresponds to the anticodon sequence. That means there are 61 possible tRNAs. Cells however, may ...PM, Li W-H (1987) The codon adaptation index-a measure of directional synonymous codon usage bias, and...