We narrowed to 872 results for: FER

...capture the fact that different parts of the world encountered COVID-19 at different times. Most notably...plasmid requests Figure 5: Inferred effects. Values are the inferred percentage of normal activity ...scientific fields could be different.  Conclusion Figure 7: Mean inferred effects by region. In...also eases the interpretation of the parameters we infer, since scientific productivity is better interpreted...regions. Each of these regions was affected at a different time by COVID-19, so we defined the COVID-19 event... day) on dates impacted by each effect. The inferred parameters suggest that COVID-19 induced a 2x–...Europe most impacted and China least impacted. The inferred weekend effect is, in retrospect, generally more...

...primary antibodies raised in different species, or at least from different IgG subclasses, so that secondary...incubation of 1° and 2° Must use different species and/or different IgG subclasses of 1° for multi-color...limited cross-reactivity between different IgG subclasses and different species, nanobodies are useful ...Multiple polyclonal secondary IgGs can bind to different epitopes of a primary antibody. B) Each arm of...they don’t require using primary antibodies from different IgG subclasses. Instead, you can pre-incubate ...Once you know the answer to these two questions, refer to this table to find the right nanobody for your...come in 1x and/or a 3x cysteine varieties. This refers to the number of cysteine sites the nanobody has...

...serve similar purposes, both techniques offer researchers different advantages and limitations.  The four...factors in which chemogenetics and optogenetics differ are: Timing Targeted manipulation Controlling ...study. Figure 1: A schematic showing the differences in chemogenetics and optogenetics in a mouse ... light (optogenetics).   Timing Optogenetics offers a high degree of temporal resolution as receptors...neurons to repolarize faster.  Chemogenetics does not offer the same level of control over timing. Because chemogenetics...amounts of stimulation to receptors. Optogenetics offers better control over these factors as the light ...manipulated or turned off. In chemogenetics, while different concentrations of ligands can be injected, this...

...with that…and happy flowing!    References and resources  References Alyamani, A., Kalamegam, G., Ahmed...usually tell where this point is by looking at the different populations. In the case of Figure 2, one population...   Figure 3: It's often easier to identify different populations by imagining (or drawing) a quadrant...population and everything outside the gate is a different population.  Gating and plot orders  As the gates... right.  First, SSC and FSC are measured to differentiate cells from debris. Cells are gated, and in the...dendritic cells is further separated into three different populations using conjugated antibodies against...help me as a reader if I'm struggling to see the different populations on a plot.      Figure 5: ...

...going to cite hundreds of references) and it’s better to keep your references organized from the beginning...sense of the similarities and differences among proteins in the class. Offer your perspective It doesn’t... tool kit. I wrote a review article on histone modifers in B and T cells with my adviser when I was a ...criteria to shape the document. Get and use a reference management program (e.g., EndNote, Papers, Mendeley...Mendeley, etc.) You’re going to be managing a lot of references. I cite as I write, meaning I use the software...in real time as I wrote, so each statement was referenced even in the roughest version of the draft and...that people can go back and read the original reference for the data. For example, we summarized how frequently...

...methods can interfere with binding, and some common antibody buffer components can interfere with conjugates...scientists have since adapted it for a host of different proteins and small molecules from a variety of...needs. Herein, we’ll give you a rundown of the different types of ELISA, advantages and disadvantages of... non-overlapping epitopes so that they do not interfere with each other. The detection antibody may either...this method, the target antigen competes with a reference antigen for binding to a primary antibody.  While...typically users first coat the multiwell plate with a reference antigen and then they preincubate the antigen-...allow the unbound primary antibody to bind to the reference antigen. The more antigen in the sample, the more...

...be translated to other lines. Differences in the physiology of different cell types, however, can make...not only between serum from different manufacturers but also between different lots of serum from the same...low levels of contamination. For those labs that prefer a more economical mode of detection, Uphoff et....the second. When harvesting lentivirus, some labs prefer to collect and pool the harvests from multiple ...for a single harvest after transfecting with the transfer and packaging plasmids. A benefit of the multiple... as the transgene expressed, the viral storage buffers used, and other experimental parameters. For example...concentrated dilutions you will be able to overcome differences in receptor expression. It's all in the mix Even...

...converted to a different isotype, then two different secondary antibodies can be used with different fluorescent...have different binding properties (Morelock 1994). While in the majority of cases the differences are ...conversions and chimeric antibodies! References and resources References Liddell, E. (2013). Antibodies. In...changing an antibody’s natural isotype to that of a different group (Fig. 1). This process, called isotope conversion...antibody’s isotypes, however, you could then use 2 different secondaries for your antibody pair and visualize...constant regions or solely the Fc region of a different species and/or isotype (Liddell 2013). In most...

...dopamine sensors offer different levels of apparent dopamine affinity, with 113050 offering high apparent...these readily available to the community. We now offer AAV9 for 2 more constructs from Christopher Harvey... various AAV serotypes can be used to achieve different patterns of expression, researchers often need...empirically for their own experiments. To this end, we offer specific control AAV in smaller aliquots of 20 ul.... The Addgene viral service has now expanded to offer many of our control plasmids in new serotypes. See...sensitive response to action potentials, is now offered under control of the CAG promoter for ubiquitous...monitoring of neurotransmitters and we are excited to offer AAV for the newest GRAB sensors from the Li Lab....

...experiment uses 2 or 3 different fluorescent colors each measuring a different target. Flow cytometers...analysis. Since different populations of immune cells express unique Clusters of Differentiation cell surface...flow cytometry experiments.       References and resources References: Bonner WA, Hulett HR, Sweet RG, ...  Cells are first resuspended in a pressurized buffer called sheath fluid and transported through tubes...each cell as it passes through and scatters in different directions. The degree of scatter is captured ...highly versatile and some can accommodate up to 30 different colors. This lends flow cytometry particularly...to complex experiments looking at a variety of different targets. If you are planning on using fluorescent...

...directions in your research. We all have our preferences. Your preferred type of CRISPR will likely depend on ...horizon (Altae-Tran et al., 2023)! References and Resources References Abudayyeh, O. O., Gootenberg, J. ...probably still edit genomes. Understanding the different types of CRISPR systems can be as confusing as...effector may have the same name but be completely different! They are merely linked by a similar function....Class 1 CRISPR systems use multi-Cas effectors, referred to as Cascade (CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral...compositions and mechanisms, with the biggest differences being the components present in the Cascade complex...like to explore Class 2 CRISPR in more depth, the Jennifer Doudna lab maintains an encyclopedia of Class ...

...isotype is expressed at different times of the immune response and initiates different immune cascades. In...generates an antibody response in the immune system is referred to as an antigen. You can learn more about antibodies...In the research setting, antibodies of different isotypes can be used together in the same experiment ...of epitopes on the target protein, so they are referred to as polyclonal. Polyclonal antibodies have the...However, each animal will make antibodies against different protein epitopes and so variability between lots...molecular weight by SDS-PAGE, and are subsequently transferred to a membrane. A primary antibody recognizing...dissociated from the bead and the antibody using a low-pH buffer. Then, the purified protein can be used in experiments...

...subunit S12 of 30S ribosome Confers resistance to streptomycin Tn10   Confers resistance to tetracycline...coli bacteria. It’s hard to count the number of different commercial strains of E. coli currently available...the intestinal tract of animals. There are many different naturally occurring strains of E. coli, some of.... It was likely isolated in 1918 but was first referred to as “B strain” in 1942. The BL21 strain and ...F Host does (F') or does not (F-) contain the fertility plasmid. A low copy-number plasmid, encodes proteins...unless indicated otherwise fhuA (formerly tonA) ferric hydroxamate uptake, iron uptake receptor mutation...galactose only gyrA, gyrA96 DNA gyrase mutation Confers resistance to nalidixic acid  hsdRMS hsdR(rk-...

...duration of the conference (be warned, the hand sanitizer does go quickly!)  The Conference How many Addgenies... to brush up on your conference skills, check out some of our helpful conference blog posts before you...Scientific Conference Poster Session TipsHow to Make Friends and Meet People at a Scientific Conference New ...Getting ready for Society for Neuroscience Conference 2023? So are we! Come say hi to us at Addgene's...favorite content strategist, Jo. While we've all got different areas of expertise, we are each equally excited...invite you to join us! We'll also be sharing our conference experience on X, Instagram, and Bluesky.   Finally...

...discussed are compiled for reference below. Happy virus making!  References and Resources Kulanayake,...the delivered cargo (often a gene) is called the transfer plasmid while the other plasmids with packaging... or something similar, and is contained on the transfer plasmid. If expression is the goal, a promoter...promoter and terminator regions and are slightly different in sequence. Both LTRs do share common repeat ...Adeno-associated virus AAV’s elements are quite different from gamma-retrovirus, but they perform very similar...delivered and expressed in the host cell from the transfer plasmid. Viral packaging and entry The viral packaging...which allows for altered tropism of AAV to target different tissue or cell types. AAV also requires some back...

...unaccounted for, may lead to different results. Different setting, different population, new genetic variation...obtaining a different result after conducting a replication study. An important difference between the...images, measuring the main outcomes in several different ways, and other questionable research practices..., simple noise in the process of sampling and inference-making. Even perfect transparent and rigorous ...variation, or different handling can all be important.  If we eliminate the problems above: unclear methods...previously unknown variable actually makes a big difference for the robustness of the findings.   How do...investigated to look for unexpected trends or differences between groups. Hypothesis generation is critical...

...for Neuroscience 2017 conference in Washington DC (#SfN17). This massive conference attracted over 30,000...-depth exposure to neuroscience prior to this conference was a rotation in Qiao Zhou’s lab in graduate...school where I worked on a project aiming to dedifferentiate mouse brain cells into neural stem cells. I...biologists. This was not at all the case. The conference featured people who work in sociology, behavior... Collider and which featured a talk about the different parts of the brain stimulated by stories. In retrospect...neuroscientists are using techniques from across different disciplines to better understand neurobiology ...develop technologies that will have impacts on many different facets of life. It also seems as if many of the...

...performance under different imaging conditions (e.g. different emission filters) or different set-ups. Many...iii) aggregation tendency. Brightness Brightness refers to the fluorescence intensity of a fluorescent ...uptake by cells. To correct for this variation, a reference fluorescent protein that is expressed at an equal...be used. An assay developed in our lab uses a reference protein that is translated from the same open-...between the fluorescent protein of interest and the reference protein (Goedhart et al, 2011) allows for a precise... a set of fluorescent proteins (with the same reference protein) under identical conditions, a ranking...for co-expressing mTurquoise2 with mVenus as a reference protein is available from Addgene. Another way...

... activate different G proteins, work in different neurons and neuroglia, and have different effects on...Addgene’s chemogenetics guide.     References and resources References Kroeze WK, Sassano MF, Huang X-P,...These receptors can be activated by an array of different ligands, including hormones, neurotransmitters...is estimated that there are approximately 950 different human genes encoding GPCRs (Takeda et al., 2002...receptor, which can then activate expression of a luciferase reporter in the nucleus. The Roth lab showed ...activation via bioluminescence resonance energy transfer 2 (BRET2). Check out our blog post on GPCR signaling...track the activation and internalization of two different receptors- angiotensin II type 1 receptor and ...

...antibody’s buffer is compatible with your conjugation kit, since many common antibody buffers and buffer additives...are provided in a buffer with the antimicrobial agent sodium azide, which can interfere with conjugation...good base from which to dive deeper!References and resources References Bendall SC, Nolan GP, Roederer M,...love FPbase’s Spectra Viewer tool for comparing different fluorophores. We also touched on fluorophores ...chemical coupling can be achieved through several different mechanisms. Most take advantage of chemical groups... resources on the Addgene blog Antibodies 101: Buffers, Storage, and ConjugatesAntibodies 101: The Basics...