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We narrowed to 867 results for: FER

Showing: 141 - 160 of 867 results

  1. Pathways Over Time Plasmids Engage Students in Functional Genomics Research

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    May 22, 2018, 1:38 p.m.
    ...section, teams are assigned different groups of three genes selected from different parts of the Met pathway...first select a multi-gene pathway to study and a reference organism where deletion strains are available....Students next transform deletion strains from the reference organisms with the overexpression plasmids. Finally...species has a similar function to the gene in the reference species. We have been using yeast models (3, 4...yeast, Saccharomyces. cerevisiae, makes a great reference organism for the project because it is non-pathogenic.... Over time, the two genomes have become very different due to a whole genome duplication and extensive...cloning to insert the coding sequences for ten different MET/Met genes (Figure 1) from the two yeast species...

  2. Antibodies 101: ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay)

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Aug. 24, 2021, 1:15 p.m.
    ... Types of ELISA There are four different types of ELISAs, which differ in the way the antigen is detected... to run an ELISA in your lab!   References and resources References Boguszewska, K., Szewczuk, M., Urbaniak...Antibodies are used in many different experiments that require scientists to detect proteins in their...antibody and the detection antibody recognize different epitopes on the target protein, so they do not... for which multiple antibodies that recognize different epitopes are available; this type of ELISA is ... are coated with another protein — known as a reference antigen — that can also bind to that antibody....antigen as the other types of ELISAs require two different antibodies. As mentioned above, it can also be...

  3. Tips for Titering Your Lentiviral Preps

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    March 15, 2016, 2:30 p.m.
    ...drawbacks of different methods (for comprehensive protocols for all of the methods discussed here refer to Kutner...the correct transfer plasmid was used in the transfection; if preparing several different lentiviruses...assaying for expression of a gene carried on the transfer plasmid or quantifying the number of viral copies...resistance-genes, or the transgene itself. Many researchers prefer to design primers that target the common features...utilizes the antibiotic resistance genes carried on transfer plasmids. Target cells are transduced with serial...that standard conditions be used when comparing different batches of virus. In addition, some viral preps...step of a successful transduction experiment. References 1. Kutner, Robert H., Xian-Yang Zhang, and Jakob...

  4. Gaining Leadership Skills Volunteering at a Professional Organization

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Aug. 6, 2015, 2:30 p.m.
    ...to learn how to adapt to different situations and, in particular, to different styles of leadership. As... one gain such experience? Your institution may offer occasional workshops on leadership and management...to learn more. Having met many people at that conference, I later became involved with the NPA beyond ... the Committee which I then led for 5 years.  Different leadership styles Being an effective leader requires...requires you to understand how to work with many different types of people both above and below you. During...relationships with these individuals who often had different styles from their predecessors. Changes were implemented...mission of the NPA. You must accommodate many different types of people in order to harness their strengths...

  5. Viral Vectors 101: Systemic Capsids

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Oct. 12, 2023, 1:15 p.m.
    ... in mice Many systemic capsids express differently in different mouse strains, a phenomenon that we are...And these differences occur not just between mice and NHPs; some capsids show both different efficacy ... systemic capsids. After some consideration, we offer this definition: A systemic capsid is a capsid that...Organism Mouse Strain-Specific Tropism?  Reference AAV-PHP.B* CNS (broad) Mice, rats Yes...sex-independent and does not show significant differences in transduction efficiency between C57BL/6J and...transduction efficiency varying from 10-70% in different regions of the brain (Ravindra Kumar et al., 2020.../cJ and CBA/J mice. AAV1-X1 was developed by transferring the 7-mer peptide region from variable region...

  6. Common Injection Routes in Mice

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Jan. 22, 2025, 9:42 p.m.
    ...discomfort of the mice, and restraint method. Many different substances can be injected, including cells, drugs...through the tail vein — many researchers will simply refer to these as “tail vein injections.” However, they.... They are a popular choice for administering different drugs and viral vectors. Like IV injections, intraperitoneal...flat, and easily accessible (like the back) is preferred. A common use of intradermal injections is studying...techniques may come in handy. These techniques are referred to as “instillation” or “gavage,” as they do not...as both procedures target the lungs. The main differences are that intranasal is easier, less invasive,...be flexible or metal, depending on researcher preferences. It sounds complicated but has a pretty low learning...

  7. Antibodies 101: Conventional vs Spectral Flow Cytometry

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Aug. 3, 2023, 1:15 p.m.
    ...overlapping markers. Compensation/reference control(s) Compensation or “reference” controls are samples stained...spectral flow cytometry are more alike than they are different, there are a few aspects in which spectral flow...complex mathematical algorithm and single stained reference controls to distinguish one fluorophore from another...   Figure 3: Similarity index across 12 different colors on a three laser spectral flow cytometer...conventional or spectral flow. In spectral flow, reference controls tell the software to look for that exact...is not the same as your single color control. Reference controls: Beads or cells? Compensation beads are...new panel on a spectral cytometer, you prepare reference controls of both beads and cells for a single ...

  8. Tips for Using BLAST to Verify Plasmids

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    May 29, 2014, 1:29 p.m.
    ... of the plasmids in our repository with known reference sequences, such as full plasmid sequences provided...BLAST, which includes a simple explanation of the different BLAST programs, databases, and elements of the...The blastp and blastx programs are optimized differently and you may want to select one (or both) depending...you want to verify. We will delve into these differences below. Optimizing blastn searches On the Standard... a Sanger sequencing result to a single known reference sequence or to a BLAST sequence database. If you...two or more sequences” checkbox and paste your reference sequence into the Subject Sequence box that appears...BLAST searches. If you do not know the exact reference sequence for your result, choose one of the BLAST...

  9. What’s in Your Tube?: A Quick Guide to Measuring DNA by Spectrophotometry

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    July 1, 2025, 1:15 p.m.
    ...Addgene blog Plasmid Preps: Different Purity, Different Quantities, Different Uses What's the Best Way to... our blog and website.          References and Resources References Ahlfen SV, Schlumpberger M. Effects...Each of these contaminants will have a slightly different impact on the spectra of a mixed sample.  ...A260/230 of ~2.0. However, let’s break down how different contaminants impact these ratios.  Protein contaminants...significantly at low concentrations.  The elution buffer you use will also affect how accurate your measurements...give more variable absorbance readings. A Tris-buffered solution tends to produce more consistent readings... instrument you use and check out some of the references we have provided below. And if you do have trouble...

  10. Uncovering Ancestral Bias in CRISPR Research

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Nov. 29, 2022, 2:15 p.m.
    ... that differences in gene expression could explain why some ancestry groups were differentially dependent...ancestry-associated genes.   What does the reference genome actually reference?  The CRISPR guides used in the screens...done in this preprint.   Resources and references References Germline variation contributes to false... were designed to have a perfect match to the reference genome – even single mismatches within a CRISPR...introduce significant bias into the results. But the reference genome does not represent the diversity of genetic...understand how the use of a primarily European reference genome could affect their analysis. Their work...these and any other CRISPR screens using the same reference genomes and libraries. Further complicating the...

  11. Tips for Screening with Yeast Two Hybrid Systems

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Oct. 22, 2015, 2:30 p.m.
    ... the split-luciferase system, intein-mediated splicing reconstitutes functional luciferase only when fusions...when separated (2), and that DBD and TAs from different systems could be combined effectively (3). In ...target gene, in this case a reporter gene (e.g. luciferase or GFP), regardless of whether it interacts with...sequence of the DBD. The DBD-POI fusion (commonly referred to as the “bait”, Figure 2b) cannot activate reporter...interact, this will bring the POI-TA fusion (commonly referred to as the “prey”) in close enough proximity to... fusions of the two halves of the luciferase protein interact and enable intein splicing (5). Screening...a more vigourous screen is to use a number of different bait and prey vectors. This has been shown to ...

  12. Tips and Tricks for Using Golden Gate Modular Cloning (MoClo)

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    July 8, 2025, 1:15 p.m.
    ...experiments. The term ‘insert’ refers to plasmids carrying each part, ‘vector’ refers to acceptor plasmids, and...MoClo guide for all the basics of the process. Also refer to Figure 1 for a visual overview! Figure...vectors and parts you will be using during the different levels of your MoClo assembly. Know your process...dictated by four-base overhangs that are paired with different part types (e.g. 5’-GGAG and 3’-TACT flanking ...ensure that these would be interchangeable between different laboratories. Therefore, choosing acceptor vectors... Example Level 1 assembly. The choice between different Level 0 vectors depends on the four-base overhangs...MoClo plate, always do so in cold conditions and preferably on dry ice. Careful use of your glycerol stocks...

  13. Plasmids 101: Shuttle Vectors

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    May 20, 2025, 1:15 p.m.
    ...protects against any of them. But different aminoglycosides work on different host species: kanamycin targets... unrelated host species, even from completely different kingdoms of life. That’s convenient for researchers...experiments in complex eukaryotic cells, but would prefer to grow, clone, and manipulate their vectors in...with BioRender.com. How are shuttle vectors different from other plasmids? If we all use the same molecular... Shuttle vectors have to address several big differences in the ways vectors are used across species: ...resistance gene on your vector might require two different selection molecules! It all depends on how the...Auxotrophic selection Another option is to use a different method of selection entirely. Auxotrophic selection...

  14. Twenty Years of Sharing: Addgene's Viral Vector Service

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    July 30, 2024, 1:15 p.m.
    ... of the vectors in Addgene’s catalog are offered in different serotypes. In fact, the 879 viral vectors...these tools can be to use. AAVs, which can target different cell types depending on their serotype, are particularly...to researchers around the world. While we still offer many resources for producing vectors from plasmids...93,491 viral vector preps with researchers in 45 different countries — and as of 2024, we’ve distributed ... CRISPR, where we dove fairly deeply into the different types of tools scientists were using/depositing...prioritization happens for good reasons. We began offering our viral vector service because we realized that...successive generations developed ever since. GCaMP6 was offered through our viral vector service in 2016, and it...

  15. Viral Vectors 101: Pseudotyping

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    April 20, 2021, 2:30 p.m.
    ...virus:  Lowering cytotoxicity. Different envelope proteins have different levels of cytotoxicity and the...Altering sensitivity to serum. Different pseudotyped viruses are differentially inactivated by nonspecific...Table 1 (Cronin et al., 2005)     References and Resources References: Crawford KHD, Eguia R, Dingens AS...protocol for generating lentivirus, but you use a different envelope glycoprotein instead of the wild-type...Lentiviral production uses three plasmids: (1) The transfer plasmid, (2) the envelope plasmid, and (3) the...review articles to find tables and information on different viral membranes, tropism, and advantages and disadvantages... Jennifer Tsang...

  16. Bacterial Toxin-antitoxin Systems as Molecular Biology Tools

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Nov. 1, 2018, 12:35 p.m.
    ...more stable than the methyltransferase. When a plasmid is lost, the methyltransferase is degraded and/or...of CcdB (toxin) and CcdA (antitoxin) where CcdB inferes with DNA replication by binding the GyrA subunit...composed of restriction endonucleases and methyltransferases. Restriction endonucleases cleave DNA at ...specific nucleotide sequences. To counter this, methyltransferases add methyl groups to bases at specific nucleotide...address a diverse set of biological inquiries. References Ogura, Teru, and Sota Hiraga. "Mini-F plasmid...genes that couple host cell division to plasmid proliferation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences...Cara E., and James B. Kaper. "Use of stabilized luciferase-expressing plasmids to examine in vivo-induced...

  17. Using Ultrasound to Image Bacteria in vivo: Acoustic Reporter Genes

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    June 19, 2018, 1:38 p.m.
    ...Administration of Substrate: Some luciferase reporters, such as Renilla luciferase (RLuc) or NanoLuc, require...bacterial reporters that use fluorophores and luciferases to track bacteria in real time, but each of these...together genes from gas vesicle operons from two different bacteria, Bourdeau et al created two constructs... 1 (arg1) and acoustic gene 2 (arg2). The key difference between arg1 and arg2 vesicles is the amount ... invisible to ultrasound, which allows for differentiation of arg1 and arg2 ultrasound signals. This also...and arg2 plasmids are available from Addgene! References 1 Bourdeau, R.W., Lee-Gosselin, A., Lakshmanan...Blog Learn more about in vivo imaging tools The luciferase reporter gene The green fluorescent protein reporter...

  18. Viral Vectors 101: Parts of the AAV Packaging Plasmid

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    Dec. 3, 2020, 2:15 p.m.
    ...gene which differ between the AAV serotypes are responsible for serotype-specific differences in tissue...blog post to learn more about the AAV transfer plasmid! References: Naso MF, Tomkowicz B, Perry WL III...proteins needed for the virus to replicate,  and the transfer plasmid which contains the viral genome. In today... proteins. Alternative splicing generates the different C-terminal regions of the Rep proteins. While ...Replication initiates from the AAV genome ITRs on the transfer plasmid, which contain regions of dsDNA. To generate...the AAV p40 promoter. Alternative splicing and differing translational start sites generate the three VP...was engineered Learn about the parts of the AAV transfer plasmid  Resources on Addgene.org Learn about...

  19. Single-cell tracking of lineage and identity with CellTag

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    May 9, 2019, 1:15 p.m.
    ...Direct reprogramming describes the process where differentiated cells are turned into a cell type of choice...identifier and allows cells to be tagged with different CellTag libraries at multiple timepoints during... (iEPs), a self-renewing cell type that can differentiate into hepatic or intestinal cell types. MEFs ...inefficient. Cells were sequentially tagged with different CellTag libraries at three time points during ...MettI7a1 encodes an uncharacterized putative methyltransferase. Adding Mettl7a1 to the standard Foxa1-Hnf4α...are undergoing identity changes, such as the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells or the clonal...visualization tool. Check out the CellTag webpage! References Biddy, Brent A., et al. "Single-cell mapping ...

  20. Antibody Neutralization Response Against Pseudoviruses Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variants

    Type
    Blog Post
    Published
    June 22, 2021, 1:15 p.m.
    ...19 pandemic,” says Balazs.     References and Resources References Cele S, Gazy I, Jackson L, Hwa S-...neutralization effectiveness of current vaccines differed depending on the variants (Garcia-Beltran et al...plasmids which encode spikes found on all of the different circulating variants. This allowed us to create.... In their assay, the pseudoviruses express a luciferase reporter which is used as a readout for infection...variants. Yet, the B.1.351 variant, which has only 9 different mutations compared to the wild-type, escaped neutralization...Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021 with permission.   Difference in neutralization after one dose and two doses..., this study was the first to compare so many different strains. It was also the first to perform neutralization...
Showing: 141 - 160 of 867 results