...overview see Addgene’s AAV guide. AAV particles are relatively small (20 nm) in size which makes them capable...transport: retrograde transport relies on dynein, while anterograde transport relies on kinesin. Different rates...diffusion across the synaptic cleft is usually severely impaired, and only few reports exist about dye...particle is taken up on one side of the cell and released again at another side of the cell after intracellular...visualize neuron connections that are functionally relevant, i.e. activity-dependent neuronal tracing. Apart...

...signaling dynamics are influenced by the relatively long life-cycle of a protein from expression to degradation...compartment of action via sequestration. The strategy relies on several observations: Rapamycin is a membrane-permeable...physiological setting. Genetic techniques typically rely on overexpression or knock-down, where signaling...or small molecules and exceed a physiologically relevant exposure in intensity and/or duration. Both of...exposure to low-intensity blue light. This approach relies on the incorporation of light-oxygen-voltage (LOV... to this system by engineering cells that lack release factor one (RF-1; Bacterial strain EcAR7) and minimizing...

...out there (and particularly CRISPR), it is now relatively easy to design constructs and repair templates...the other bits in order to achieve accurate and reliable multi-bit memory. To this end, Chris Voigt and...sites with no cross-talk. These pairs are closely related to the lambda phage integrase system which is the...intracellular pH are required in order to determine the relationships between pH changes and cellular events. To overcome...the oxidation of its substrate, luciferin, which releases energy as a photon. The photon energy is transferred...this interaction and thus triggers a synchronous release of the reporters which can then be tracked along...promoter-selection marker or promoter-inducible expression related vectors are also ready for further chaining. Plasmids...

...pMB1 (derivative) A Relaxed pBR322 ~15-20 pMB1 A Relaxed pET ~15-20 pBR322 A Relaxed pGEX ~15-20 pBR322... F1** A Relaxed pGEM ~300-500 pUC and F1** A Relaxed pCDF ~20-40 CloDF13 (CDF) D Relaxed This...pBR322 A Relaxed pColE1 ~15-20 ColE1 A Relaxed pR6K ~15-20 R6K* C Stringent pACYC ~10 p15A B Relaxed...replicate the host's chromosomal DNA, but they still rely on the host machinery to make additional copies....Generally, control of replication is referred to as "relaxed" or "stringent" depending on whether the ori is...

...Salary –not relevant to most postdocs. Commercial successes in the performing arts- not relevant at all. ...opinions. The contents of this post should not be relied upon for legal advice in any particular circumstance...typographical errors.  No action should be taken in reliance on the information contained in this post and ...paths are not the only place to develop “industry related skills”. Many career paths in academia as well ...look broadly at opportunities to develop skills related to their areas of interest. Additionally, since...institutions of higher education nonprofit entities related to or affiliated with institutions of higher education...applicant works at institutions of higher education, a related or affiliated nonprofit entity, or nonprofit research...

...initiative to find a suitable partner, connect the relevant teams, coordinate implementation, and now must...conference calls and make sure to maintain these relationships by keeping in touch by email and social media...media (see the section on “Maintaining Relationships” below). Expand: Collaboration opportunities outside... fun. I just had to remember to approach the relationship with the perspective of my potential collaborators...generally asking for some advice and guidance. The relationships you establish in this way can, of course, lead...favors, but you should not go into a professional relationship expecting these things. In this context, I often...about and get started. You never know where the relationships you develop will lead! Read our blog post about...

...plasmid stability, reduced recombination relA or relA1 Relaxed phenotype, mutation eliminating stringent...blue/white screening. F- endA1 glnV44 thi-1 recA1 relA1 gyrA96 deoR nupG Φ80dlacZΔM15 Δ(lacZYA-argF)U169... for cloning repetitive DNA. endA1 glnV44 thi-1 relA1 gyrA96 recA1 mcrB+ Δ(lac-proAB) e14- [F' traD36 ...araD139]B/r Δ(codB-lacI)3 galK16 galE15 λ- e14- mcrA0 relA1 rpsL150(strR) spoT1 mcrB1 hsdR2(r-m+)  MG1655  ... ∆lacX74 galK16 galE15 e14-  Φ80dlacZ∆M15 recA1 relA1 endA1 nupG rpsL (StrR) rph spoT1 ∆(mrr-hsdRMS-mcrBC... recombine.  F- endA1 glnV44 thi-1 recA1 gyrA96 relA1 Δ(lac-proAB) mcrA Δ(mcrBC-hsdRMS-mrr) λ-  Stbl3...mcrBC-hsdRMS-mrr) recA1 endA1 gyrA96 gal-thi-1 supE44 λ-relA1 Δ(lac-proAB)/F' proAB+lacIqZΔM15 Tn10 (TetR) TOP10...

...planning you can do to build a bench mentor-mentee relationship and bring your best self to the training experience...plenty of articles on building successful mentor relationships, asking for mentor support, and choosing your...the research group). The bench mentor-mentee relationship is extremely important – without a good set ...mentor than your scientific mentor. Thus, this relationship will probably define your experience in the ...Luckily, you can do a lot to contribute to the relationship dynamic and set yourself up for success! Getting.... Preparation before bench work Are there any relevant papers you can read prior to the start of your...through the protocol mentally (or physically where relevant) and identify any gaps or questions you have, ...

... mentoring relationship, but if you don’t take this past the chatting stage you will rarely make any change...mentor. How do you make the most of this new relationship? Consider adding formality and active goal setting... setting to your mentoring relationships, so that you can reap rewards in the form of reaching career ...meetings and setting the direction in a mentoring relationship falls on the shoulders of the Mentee. A Mentor...progress over the course of an ongoing mentoring relationship (in a book or online). Mentee: Make a list of...secret of accountability To make a mentoring relationship really productive, the most important step you...SMART goals are Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound. It is a good idea to take larger...

...this, consider the cost of an accidental release. Science relies on popular support, which in turn depends...regions that don't have resident populations of the relevant mosquito species. Reproductive confinement involves... confinement strategies, but they should not be relied on exclusively because historical studies of pathogen...building candidate gene drives intended for eventual release should consider building an appropriate immunizing...mitigate the potential effects of an accidental release3. Which gene drive confinement strategies should... that trust more than an accidental gene drive release, which would represent proof positive that at least...powerful technology responsibly. An accidental release would be particularly dangerous for molecular biology...

... build the relationship in a non-awkward way?  7 ways to strengthen your new relationships Here are some...Relationships need nurturing. Perhaps you’ve met someone interesting at an event. Or, perhaps you have...contacts you have; it’s about building genuine relationships with people you care about knowing. How do you...some ways to go about strengthening a new relationship with authenticity and not discomfort: Invite the...meeting (in person or virtually) will make the relationship stronger.  If appropriate, invite them to speak...same people is often the easiest way to build relationships and strengthen them over time.  Things to ...important” or senior people. Focus on building relationships with peers and people around you naturally. ...

...demand for the related plasmid. Under such circumstances, we would observe this same correlation, but it wouldn...pulled the journals from 2005 to 2015 in areas most relevant to plasmids: Genetics & Heredity, Cell Biology...aggregated this much, you can see the 2013 ‘bump’ related to the CRISPR/Cas papers and Addgene deposits, ...Addgene, in contrast to other reasons for the correlation. However, determining this exactly is difficult... remaining difference caused by depositing the related plasmids with Addgene? Probably not all of it. ...still be controlled for. As an example, plasmid-related areas of science could be growing more quickly ...quickly which could also generate this type of correlation. But even with that caveat, it is still suggestive...

...familiar with a body of literature related to the topic. Finding reliable references and sorting out what...narrowing down your search and sorting the results (relevance, dates etc). The links for the titles can generally... you an overview of the topic and point you to relevant primary research articles. Then just start reading...should give a critical eye to all results in the relation to how they are supporting the conclusions. Look...key words and download what seems interesting or relevant. Harness the power of the Google search engine...Google Scholar will send you daily updates with relevant literature. Organizing the literature As a scientist... of useful papers. For many, this collection is purely electronic. Gone are the days of file cabinets ...

... Chen co-founded Addgene in 2004. They worked tirelessly to get Addgene from a concept to an up and running...job were important parts of team buidling - they relieved some of the pressure of start up life and maintained...“work hard, play hard.” Part of the reason we sincerely like spending time together is that when it’s ...employees. The teambuilding culture helps us build relationships and thereby work better together.I realize I...encourage everyone to make an effort to build relationships with their colleagues. It can be easy to get...done everything from kayaking, to field day, to relay triathlons, to 5Ks. Many of these examples we’ve...conversation to get people excited!    Laura Veckerelli is the Administrative and Operations Coordinator...

... more open to developing a relationship. The time to develop relationships is before you need them (well...academia often means that scientists-in-training rarely get the opportunity to learn about the myriad of...doing interesting things. I call this building relationships because networking has gotten a bad reputation...Scientists enjoy learning new things. Building new relationships is all about learning new things from other ...networking for a job connection with ongoing relationship building through Informational Interviews. Making...is always best to meet in person to develop relationships, but if it is not possible consider a phone ...

...Sacks "Neurologist Oliver Sacks examines the relationship between the human brain and music: how we perceive.... Sacks, Musicophilia includes case studies of relevant neurological atypicalities, including a patient...and fascinating, all without compromising on the relevant science."     - Randall Carter, Contracts Administrator...roles microbes play in our ecosystem, examining relationships between microbes and insects, mammals, and plants...Director of Quality Control Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell by Susanna Clarke "A quasi-historical/fantasy fiction... had a few reasons for launching this one. On a purely selfish level, I wanted to be challenged to read...responses ranged from “one of my favorite books” to “I barely got through it.”  To date, we’ve read 76 books ...

...base editors in vivo and achieved therapeutically relevant editing efficiencies in the mouse brain, liver...Physiol 2018. PubMed PMID: 30819783. Light up CreLite: a red-light inducible optogenetic tool for precision...lineage tracing Article contributed by Erin Sanders CreLite, designed by the Eisenhoffer lab, is a new tool...systems (ex: tamoxifen). As the name suggests, CreLite combines the Cre/lox system with optogenetics. ...studies. Eisenhoffer and his colleagues evaluated CreLite for cell tracing using the transgenic zebrafish...combination of fluorescent proteins expressed. CreLite-mediated recombination was found in both deep and...the breadth and versatility of this tool. Find CreLite at Addgene. Yen et al., bioRxiv 2019. DOI: 10.1101...

...NFIB- and NFIC-related human syndromes. As therapies are developed for specific NFI-related genetic disorders...formerly occupied by the Arg sidechain. Although not related to this rescue function, GdnHCl was approved by...binds to and inhibits a potassium channel, causing release of acetylcholine. Given its unique molecular biology...PubMed PMID: 9514755. Richard Gronostajski: NFI-related diseases of neural development Richard Gronostajski...VUSs will enable more accurate diagnosis of NFIX-related syndromes (Sotos-type 2 and Marshall-Smith) and...these will also allow better treatment of these related syndromes. Many thanks and best of luck to the...

...racial bias from work being done today, is a nearly entirely separate effort from acknowledging its existence...dependencies  Take, for instance, a recent preprint released by the Boehm and Beroukhim labs at the Broad Institute...tumors, which can lead to new cancer targets and related biomarkers . Data from such screens are often uploaded...Unexpected results Their results showed 96 strongly correlated genetic dependencies that were clearly associated... they looked for a biological explanation, a relationship between the genetic dependencies they identified... ancestries. While there were some exciting relationships identified, 48% were found to be artificial,...bias into their experiments instead of a true correlation.   It turned out there was indeed a bias, and...

...could be because there is no correlation or it could mean that the relationship is non-linear and you should...down the hall from you have in common? All of them rely on standard curves in their day-to-day work. Indeed...concentrations in food; and your friend the grad student relies on a standard in their bicinchoninic acid assay...of determination, R2. R2 is the square of the correlation between the actual values and the predicate values...fit and 0 indicating that there is no linear relationship between the observed and predicted values. This...Additional considerations When running assays that rely on a standard curve, it is critical that the unknown...