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...80 °C. Titer All titering is performed on lentiviral preparations that have been stored at -80 °C and ...of AAV preparations is assayed by comparing the relative stoichiometric ratios of the viral capsid proteins...SYPRO Ruby staining and the molecular weight and relative intensity of the viral capsid proteins are analyzed...Viral capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 are shown relative to the total protein present in the sample. Sterility...vectors consist of full particles (white arrowhead) relative to empty particles (black arrowhead). Scale bar...Preparations are then aliquoted and stored at -80 °C. Titer Titering is either performed by Addgene or ...

...opens in a new window) Krueger, C., Pfleiderer, K., Hillen, W., & Berens, C. (2004). Tetracycline derivatives...transduced cells express both components in the same relative ratio. Different generations of transactivators...of background expression. For example, only a relatively low level of doxycycline can access the brain...toxicity, a known half-life (24 hours), and is relatively inexpensive. The induction profiles for dox and...vector to express Tet-On 3G transactivator under the c-Fos promoter Tet-On 3G rtTA Bong-Kiun Kaang 20342 ... N., Schambach, A., Galla, M., Maetzig, T., Baum, C., Loew, R., & Schiedlmeier, B. (2011). Retroviral ...dox) is present, TetR binds to tetracycline and releases tet O, enabling transcription (Figure 1). While...

...Intuitively, one would expect that assembling relatively small, repeat-laden DNA regions into a single...Center (www.taleffectors.com) . Whether you work in a C. elegans lab and have been struggling to mutate a ..., Doyle EL, Christian M, Wang L, Zhang Y, Schmidt C, Baller JA, Somia NV, Bogdanove AJ, Voytas DF. Nucleic...using engineered TALENs. Sander JD, Cade L, Khayter C, Reyon D, Peterson RT, Joung JK, Yeh JR. Nat Biotechnol...at Massachusetts General Hospital also recently released a TALEN kit through Addgene. This kit, first described...

...to generate iPSCs. The generation of iPSCs is relatively simple in concept: ectopically express a cocktail... state using a cocktail of factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4) that are known to maintain pluripotency...Doxycycline-inducible expression of human Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc from four separate lentiviral plasmids A drug-...for the expression of human Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Produced ...lentiviral vector for the expression of human Oct4, Klf4, c-Myc, and Sox2 Integrative Analyses of Human Reprogramming... Lentivirus Human Expression of human Klf4, Oct4, c-Myc, and Sox2 as VP-16 transcriptional activating ...polycistronic expression of human Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, c-Myc and hairpin RNA p53 for single plasmid reprogramming...

...stored at 4 °C for short-term storage. For long-term storage they should be stored at -20 °C in aliquots...colored product that accumulates over time which is relative to the amount of enzyme present in each well. ... categories: Quantification - used to quantify relative amounts of protein. Includes: Western blot ELISA... western blots or ELISAs, are used to quantify relative amounts of protein. Western blot Western blots...proteins separated by size on an SDS-PAGE gel. Though relative quantification can be done, western blots primarily...referred to as housekeeping genes). This allows for relative comparison of expression between different samples...conjugated to fluorophores should never be stored below 4 °C. Certain isotype subclasses, such as IgG3, aggregate...

...many factors, such as the organism or cell type, relative position and orientation of the fluorophores through...116,000 0.8 6.2 3.1 pmTurquoise2-N1 , pCS2+mNeonGreen-C Cloning Vector , mNeonGreen-mTurquoise2 CyPet YPet...506 0.80 592 128,000 0.45 6.4 4.7 pCS2+mNeonGreen-C Cloning Vector , pcDNA3-mRuby2 , mNeonGreen-mRuby2...PMID: 31471616 (Link opens in a new window) Kappel, C. Kuschel, L. DeRose, J. (2022). What is FRET with ...Collection or the Promega Plasmid Collection to find related tools for BRET assays. References Bajar, B. T.,...

...window) C-terminal Anti-MECP2 (M6818) mouse antibody from Sigma (Link opens in a new window) C-terminal...diagnostic criteria, defined as the presence of relatively normal early development, regression with a loss...localization signal (not essential for localization) the C - t erminal D omain (CTD) The most common missense... than mutations further downstream in the NID and C-terminus. A large number of mutations are known to...26944080 (Link opens in a new window) Alysson Muotri c.806delG 806delG G269Afs*20 M Fibroblasts & iPSC Unpublished... of treatments and cures for Rett Syndrome and related MECP2 disorders. The RSRT has a comprehensive, ...new window) PMID: 10508514 Archer et al. 2007. Correlation between clinical severity in patients with Rett...

...well since the N- and C-terminal residues of the fluorescent protein are relatively close together (figure...fluorescent protein is at the C-terminus of the POI or that the POI is at the C-terminus of the fluorescent... design and engineering of fusion proteins is relatively straightforward. However, generating a fusion...fluorescent protein. Thus, scientist began using relatively long linkers between the protein of interest ...dimerization (Shaner et al., 2008 - supplementary figure C). However, these assays are qualitative. The Organized...structural information available, it’s clear that the C-terminus of fluorescent proteins derived from Aequorea...biosensors (yellow cameleon 3.60, EPAC, and Galphai), the C-terminus and N-terminus of the donor fluorescent protein...

...Whitehead, E. H., Guimaraes, C., Panning, B., Ploegh, H. L., Bassik, M. C., Qi, L. S., Kampmann, M., &...enables researchers to manipulate the genome with relative ease. Over the past decade, researchers have expanded... edit through HDR. Base and prime editing are relatively inefficient methods and often require screening...Delivery Validate Genetic Edit References CRISPR ( C lustered R egularly I nterspaced S hort P alindromic...25408407 Dixit, A., Parnas, O., Li, B., Chen, J., Fulco, C. P., Jerby-Arnon, L., Marjanovic, N. D., Dionne, D... Cas enzyme at the right spot within the genome relies on proper gRNA design. While there are some cases...antibiotic resistance or fluorophore) are also relevant. Delivery Using Plasmids The most straightforward...

...CCL1 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 I-309, P500, SCYA1, SISe, TCA3 CCL11 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11...chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 13 CKb10, MCP-4, MGC17134, NCC-1, NCC1, SCYA13, SCYL1 CCL14 chemokine (C-C motif...chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 CKb11, ELC, MGC34433, MIP-3b, MIP3B, SCYA19 CCL2 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand...chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 CKb4, LARC, MIP-3a, MIP3A, SCYA20, ST38 CCL21 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand...CCL24 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24 Ckb-6, MPIF-2, MPIF2, SCYA24 CCL25 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25...chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26 IMAC, MGC126714, MIP-4a, MIP-4alpha, SCYA26, TSC-1 CCL27 chemokine (C-C motif...CCL28 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 CCK1, MEC, MGC71902, SCYA28 CCL3 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 ...

...machinery making an original C-G pair converted to T-A or reverted to the original C-G by base excision repair.... Figure 1: Transition mutation (C>T, G>A, A>G, and T>C) installation by base editors. Pathways...suitable distance from the base (C/A) to be edited. But does this mean a target C or A much further from the...editing efficiency based on the location of the ‘A’ relative to the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). ABE7.10...edit in a stretched window ranging from 1-17 bp relative to the PAM sequence (Zong et al., 2018) (see CBE...binding with DNA, the CBE deaminates a target cytosine (C) into a uracil (U) base. Later the resultant U-G pair...original genomic A-T base pair is converted to a G-C pair (Figure 1). As the cellular inosine excision ...

....38853 Hu C-D, Chinenov Y, Kerppola TK (2002) Visualization of Interactions among bZIP and Rel Family Proteins...of interactions between basic leucine zipper and Rel transcription factors (Hu et al., 2002). This would...necessary because split FPs can associate, albeit at relatively low frequencies, without being brought into close...visualized makes it amenable to studying PPIs under relatively physiological conditions when compared to FRET...information, you can fuse each FP fragment to the N- and C-terminal end of each PIP and empirically test which...R, Björklund M, Ahr D, Ahmed AW, Spinelli L, Brun C, Basler K, Merabet S (2018) Generation of a versatile...doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot076497 Kim Y, Jung JP, Pack C-G, Huh W-K (2018) Global analysis of protein homomerization...

... and C-C’) that give the feature its characteristic T-shape. The arrangement of the B-B’ and C-C’ palindromic... Tian, W., Liu, C., Lian, Z., Dong, X., & Wu, X. (2017). Deletion of the B-B’ and C-C’ regions of inverted...contains three palindromic sequences (A-A’, B-B’, and C-C’ regions) and forms a T-shaped structure. The Rep... et al. 2017). For example, deleting the B-B' or C-C' arms can reduce the packaging efficiency but increase...in the native virus. Since the WT sequence is relatively unstable, a more stable 130 bp version is used...most common variant is an 11 bp deletion in the B or C domain of one ITR. These small deletions are not usually... Conatser, L. M., Lue, V. M., Dobbins, A. L., Li, C., Hirsch, M. L., & Samulski, R. J. (2020). Adeno-Associated...

...transgenic nematodes, including C. elegans and C. briggsae. Other related miniMos plasmids can be found ... below lists plasmids that contain a worm ( C. elegans, C. briggsae , etc.) gene or sequence: ID Plasmid...Heritable genome editing in C. elegans via a CRISPR-Cas9 system. Cloning-free CRISPR for C. elegans , which uses...General Tools Fire Lab C. elegans Vector Kit - Andrew Fire Lab. A set of vectors for C. elegans research, ...distributes stocks of C. elegans. Silencing Genomes - Cold Spring Harbor's guide to RNAi in C. elegans WormAtlas...concerning the genetics, genomics and biology of C. elegans and related nematodes. WormBook - A comprehensive, ...peer-reviewed chapters covering topics related to the biology of C. elegans and other nematodes. Wormbuilder...

...Y (T or C), X (any base), or C, respectively. gGBE, gTBE, gCBE Glycosylase-based G, T, or C base editors...transversion editors: CGBEs, or C → G Base Editors. CGBEs first convert a cytosine (C) to uracil (U), just like... a more specific A → C base editor (ACBE), they inserted the deaminase into the C-terminal domain of Cas9...pyrimidines (C ↔ T).   Base transversion Base change from purine (A or G) to pyrimidine (C or T) or vice-versa...type of base editor invented. CGBE C → G Base Editor Converts C → G by fusing a uracil DNA glycosylase..., or C, respectively, to be replaced with another base. References Chen, L., Hong, M., Luan, C., Gao... Zhang, D., Zhang, S., Li, C., Wu, J., Randolph, P. B., Sousa, A. A., Qu, C., Zhu, Y., Guan, Y., Wang,...

...Tobey, I. G., Moncada-Reid, C., Eid, F.-E., Walkey, C. J., Ljungberg, M. C., Lagor, W. R., Heaney, J. ...Ravindra Kumar, S., Adams, C. D., Yang, D., Wang, T., Wolfe, D. A., Arokiaraj, C. M., Ngo, V., Campos, L....Gong, Y., Ng, C., Nammour, J., Maiz, D., Dujardin, S., Ramirez, S. H., Hudry, E., & Maguire, C. A. (2019)... Poterba, T., Boutros, C. L., Balazs, A. B., Daneman, R., Bloom, J. M., Seed, C., & Deverman, B. E. (2019...AAV-PHP-B, it can be produced with high viral yields relative to AAV9. At lower viral titers than AAV-PHP.B ...when paired with the ubiquitous CAG promoter, is relatively biased toward L5 and inhibitory neurons and astrocytes...C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice through LY6C1, with relatively even distribution of target gene expression (...

...Vitale, J., Wong, A. C. H., Gokal, D., Feng, Y., Tabar, M. S., Metierre, C., Parsania, C., Song, X., Wang,...Michael, S., Kuleshova, E., Ojala, D., Huang, C.-C., Gerfen, C. R., Schiller, J., Dudman, J. T., Hantman,...2023; Wu, Asokan, et al., 2006). AAV9 AAV9 has relatively broad tissue tropism and high transduction efficiency...retinal cells (Issa et al., 2023). AAV11 AAV11 is a relatively recent addition to the toolbox, with the first...Wang, G., Su, X.-D., Bailey, C. G., & Rasko, J. E. J. (2025). An alternate receptor for adeno-associated ...https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.026 Halbert, C. L., Allen, J. M., & Miller, A. D. (2001). Adeno-Associated...Peng, S., Xu, Z., Zhang, W., Qiu, Y., Wu, Y., Ye, C., Lin, K., & Xu, F. (2023). AAV11 enables efficient...

... works well is that the N- and C-terminus of GFP itself are relatively close, thereby minimizing the disruption...Also, in cases where the protein of interest is relatively small, adding GFP may alter diffusion rates. ...Although bioluminescent probes are usually dim relative to fluorescent probes, recent engineering efforts...Only about 10 amino acids can be deleted from the C-terminus and about 5 from the N-terminus, but this... standard practice to attach the GFP to the N- or C-terminus of another protein. This may, however, interfere...consensus sequence (MG-) and prenylation requires a C-terminal consensus sequence (-CaaX). Both modifications...when GFP is fused to these sequences. When N- and C-terminal fusions are not tolerated the alternative...

...an ortholog in C. elegans making it ideal to study basic molecular biology processes. C. elegans are also...PMCID: PMC5525645. Mello, Craig C., et al. "Efficient gene transfer in C. elegans: extrachromosomal maintenance... model organism for scientists as they have a relatively short generation time for mammals - the time ...that are laid externally. Fruit flies are also relatively straightforward to manipulate genetically. Scientists...lab to study neuronal development (Brenner, 1973). C. elegans are small, transparent worms that have a ...life cycle and large brood sizes. The majority of C. elegans are also self-fertile hermaphrodites making... Nobel Prize in 2006. One of  major advantages of C. elegans is that they are transparent throughout their...

...80 °C. Titer All titering is performed on lentiviral preparations that have been stored at -80 °C and ...of AAV preparations is assayed by comparing the relative stoichiometric ratios of the viral capsid proteins...SYPRO Ruby staining and the molecular weight and relative intensity of the viral capsid proteins are analyzed...Viral capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 are shown relative to the total protein present in the sample. ...vectors consist of full particles (white arrowhead) relative to empty particles (black arrowhead). Scale bar...Preparations are then aliquoted and stored at -80 °C. Titer Titering is either performed by Addgene or ...preparations are then aliquoted, frozen, and stored at -80 °C. Concentrated lentiviral preparations (“-LVC” catalog...