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We narrowed to 267 results for: gnal

Showing: 1 - 20 of 267 results

  1. Lighting Up Cell Signaling with Photoswitchable Kinases

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...the kinases are located, their signal strength, and how long their signals last all impact transduction ...feedback loops of signaling pathways Negative feedback loops are a common feature of signal transduction pathways...Signal transduction pathways are a lot like cell phone networks. Protein kinases deliver messages to ...transduction of the message. To study signaling pathways, scientists frequently use growth factors or serum to stimulate... but there can be a lot of static since other signaling networks can also be non-specifically activated...activated and, like the game of telephone, often the signal must be transmitted by intermediate messengers. ...kinase inhibitors to alter Raf1-MEK-ERK pathway signaling by using psMEK1 and an ERK kinase translocation...

  2. Understanding GPCR Signaling Using TRUPATH

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... in decreased BRET2 signal. With increased concentration of drug, the BRET2 signal decreases. The...partial understanding of how GPCRs signal through G protein signal transducers. The TRUPATH collection...receptors (GPCRs), receptors that play many roles in signaling processes including smell, taste, sight, inflammation...to interrogate 14 of the 16 non-visual G protein signal transducers (collectively known as the transducerome...heterotrimeric G protein. This complex converts a signal received by a GPCR on the cell’s surface into action... result in the initiation of a vast number of signaling cascades, inducing different cellular responses...subunit from the Gβγ dimer, activating downstream signaling pathways.  This dissociation can be measured using...

  3. Plasmids 101: Terminators and PolyA signals

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...conserved eukaryotic polyadenylation signal directs cleavage at the cleave signal and addition of a poly-A tail...elements, such as the polyadenylation or poly(A) signal. While many studies focus on promoter strength ...?curid=17554393   Use of mammalian poly(A) signals in combination with certain viral packaging systems...WPRE (5) and CTE (6), and/or use weaker poly(A) signals like BGH.  References Peters JM, Vangeloff AD...element of the simian virus 40 late polyadenylation signal by using in vitro analyses. Molecular and Cellular...Burns JE, Maitland NJ. An Internal Polyadenylation Signal Substantially Increases Expression Levels of Lentivirus-Delivered...

  4. Modulate the Activity of 17 Signaling Pathways with One Kit!

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...identification of signaling pathways with potential to confer anticancer drug resistance." Science signaling 7.357...emerging theme is that they do so by activating signaling pathways controlling properties like growth, survival...kits/sabatini-wood-cancer-pathway-orfs/ Finding signaling pathways involved in drug resistance Wood wanted...exactly that. As described in the journal Science Signaling in December 2014, he and his colleagues at Duke... Institute and MIT, started with a list of 17 signaling pathways that are frequently implicated in cancer...

  5. Synthetic Biology - Sensing and Signaling

    Type
    Collection
    ...for Sensing and Signaling.... Plasmid Collections Synthetic Biology Sensing and Signaling Synthetic Biology...Biology: Sensing and Signaling SynBio Resources SynBio Home Browse All SynBio Assembly Standards SynBio Blog...Metabolism Networks & Gene Regulation Sensing & Signaling Strains Browse Addgene's collection of synthetic...communications and environmental sensing. Sensing and Signaling Plasmids Search the table by keyword or sort by...

  6. Opto-Nanobodies: Using Light to Manipulate Cell Signaling and Protein Purification

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...the extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade. This signaling is a lot like a game...control of signaling pathways. This is particularly exciting because using light to control signaling provides...that bind cell signaling receptors would offer more levers to pull to control signaling pathways. For ...as well as reversibly regulation of endogenous signaling activity in cells.  Let’s shed some light on the...for protein purification and controlling cell signaling. Key components of OptoNBs OptoNBs have two key...surface of a bead.  Using OptoNBs to control cell signaling The second application for OptoNBs takes us into...pharmacological or genetic manipulation of the signaling pathway.  As a proof-of-principle, the team created...

  7. AAV Titration by qPCR Using SYBR Green Technology

    Type
    Protocol
    ... background signal that is most evident during initial PCR cycles. This background signal must be removed... of primer dimers which can increase background signal and alter the Ct values of your samples. Quality...

  9. AAV ddPCR Titration

    Type
    Protocol
    ...Denaturation 95 0.5 2 50 Annealing/Extension 60 1 2 50 Signal Stabilization 98 10 2 1 Hold 4 ∞ 2 1 After PCR ...

  11. Antibody Guide

    Type
    Collection
    ...antibody and conjugate chosen. Signal Amplification The amount of signal needed from a specific antibody...abundant target, it obscures fainter signals. Fluorophores can emit signals that overlap with each other. Choose... Other Affinity Reagents Handling Visualization Signal Amplification Application Overview Quantification...Fc region. This allows for the amplification of signals by having multiple secondary antibodies binding...sdAbs is usually achieved by conjugation of a signaling molecule directly to the sdAb, or by using a secondary... incorporated in the sdAb. sdAbs can have weak signals due to their monovalent nature. Darpins - Darpins...single arm of the Y). They can be conjugated to signaling molecules and are often used in clinical applications...

  12. Viral Vectors 101: Optogenetic Tools

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...stimulation. GPCR signaling GPCR signaling is a complicated process involving many downstream signaling mechanisms...activating entire signaling pathways, but what if you’re interested in studying signaling pathways? Here’... secondary signaling pathways with light. This is achieved by coupling endogenous signaling molecules ...When exposed to light, they activate downstream signaling pathways that can change both the membrane potential...neurons without needing to consider secondary signaling pathways. There are many different opsin (natural...cellular function through multiple intra-cellular signaling cascades. Optical methods for controlling GPCR...light to control GPCR activation and downstream signaling cascades (reviewed in Abreu & Levitz, 2020), including...

  13. Antibodies 101: Secondary Antibodies

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...low amounts or if the conjugated signaling molecule has a weak signal. For flow cytometry, secondary antibodies... after other signal amplification techniques have been ruled out.  Ease of access Signal amplification...immunoimaging. A scientist conjugates an antibody with a signaling molecule, the antibody binds to a protein, and... voila! Wherever your protein of interest is, a signal will also be. This is the direct approach to immunoimaging... if the direct approach isn’t giving you enough signal to detect your protein of interest, it may be time...primary antibody. In the indirect approach, the signaling molecule is conjugated to the secondary antibody...sensitivity of an assay by increasing the number of signaling molecules associated, indirectly, with each protein...

  14. Fluorescent Protein Guide: Subcellular Localization

    Type
    Collection
    ... retention signal moxGFP Erik Snapp 68126 ERoxBFP Endoplasmic Reticulum ER retention signal oxBFP Erik...structures. ID Plasmid Structure Targeting Gene/Signal Fluorescent Protein PI 98875 3xnls-mNeonGreen Nucleus...-derived (1-22 aa) import sequence and COX VIII signal peptide dL5 FAP; mCerulean3 Marcel Bruchez 44385...Lck-mTurquoise2 Plasma Membrane Lck N-terminal lipidation signal mTurquoise2 Dorus Gadella 98821 Lck-mScarlet-I ...Lck-mScarlet-I Plasma Membrane Lck N-terminal lipidation signal mScarlet-I Dorus Gadella 50057 pLYS1-FLAG-MitoGFP-HA...49151 mito-BFP Mitochondria mitochondrial targeting signal (COX4) TagBFP Gia Voeltz 55102 mCherry-Mito-7 Mitochondria...pTDpelB-C_sfYFPTwinStrep Periplasmic space PelB signal sequence YFP Thorben Dammeyer 54520 mCherry-Peroxisomes...

  15. GPCRs: How Do They Work and How Do We Study Them?

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...are able to signal through more than one subtype. How GPCR signaling works GPCR signaling is initiated...subsequently another round of signaling.    Addgene Tools for Studying GPCR signaling  So with the hundreds ... three senses, GPCRs play roles in initiating signaling pathways in inflammation, and neurotransmission...neurotransmitters, photons or odorants, to elicit downstream signaling cascades.  So let’s break down the name "G-protein... G proteins are important molecular switches in signal transduction pathways and consist of a trimer of...subunits then induce or inhibit intracellular signaling cascades as a response to the extracellular stimuli...GPCRs out there, how can scientists decipher the signaling pathways from ligand to receptor to G-protein,...

  16. Flow Cytometry Readouts: Yes, No, and Everything in Between

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... that the signal for the positive population is no higher than 105 signal intensity. Signals any higher...better. The histogram shows peaks of high signal densities, so signal shifts due to upregulation or downregulation...indicates a higher signal, or upregulation, and a peak to the left indicates a lower signal, or downregulation...higher for a signal peak that shifts to the right on a histogram plot and lower for a signal peak that shifts... the voltage will shift it to the left. If your signal is too high, lower the voltage to have your positive...GFP protein are most likely to be clustered at signals below 103, while the GFP+ population cluster would... in comparison, say somewhere between a 104–105 signal intensity. If your samples and controls were processed...

  17. Fluorescent Protein Guide: Biosensors

    Type
    Collection
    ...sensing region of the construct leads to a change in signal of a circularly permuted fluorescent protein (cpFP...database includes many fluorescent biosensors that signal the presence of specific biomolecules, the activity...design, biosensors can enable investigation of a signaling pathway or measurement of a biomolecule while ...Conditions and constraints for astrocyte calcium signaling in the hippocampal mossy fiber pathway. Neuron...Single-color, ratiometric biosensors for detecting signaling activities in live cells. eLife. 2018 Jul 3;7....single-wavelength fluorescent sensor for cyclic AMP. Sci Signal. 2018 Mar 6;11(520). pii: 11/520/eaah3738. Justin...biosensors for sensitive and multiplexed detection of signalling activities. Nat Cell Biol. 2018 Sep 24. pii: ...

  18. Working with Nuclear Receptors

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... of multiple cell signaling systems. Activation of membrane receptors and signaling cascades conceivably...Nuclear Receptor Signaling. Dr. McKenna edits the website of the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (NURSA)...actions instigated by the central nervous system signaling to peripheral effector organs, which then return...actions on other tissues. At the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (NURSA), one of our primary goals is to ...permit the integration and communication of such signals between central and peripheral organs because of...molecular sensors and governors of endocrine-hormone signaling. The success of members of this group stems in...acetyltransferases or CARM1 methyltransferase. This attendant signaling feature afforded by coactivator complexes suggests...

  19. Corralling and Cornering the Goldilocks Antibody

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...light to discern the signal. If the exposure time is long (e.g. > 1/7s) then the signal is weak and vice ... versa for a strong signal. However, exposure time and its relationship to signal depend on what you’re...prominent, strong signal has a shorter exposure time than the negative control, and a weak signal has a longer...sample with the primary included to confirm that the signal is from the primary antibody and not from the background...negative control, such as showing a very bright signal only in the hippocampus compared to other regions... antibody has specific binding and has a strong signal. We call the unique pattern of the antibody binding... an expectation and comparison on the antibody signal’s location. If a distinct imaged pattern does NOT...

  20. Troubleshooting and Optimizing a Western Blot

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...In this example, a 1:1,000 dilution gives a high signal with low background. Created with biorender.com...during your transfer instead of one. If you see signal on both membranes, you know your protein is over-transferring...over-transferring! If you see very little signal, but you know you loaded a good amount of sample of a ...high background (insufficient blocking) or reduced signal (too much blocking.) If you’re having issues with...concentrations of blocking buffer. If you see a low signal, you can optimize blocking conditions by running...protein’s expected concentrations, you’ll see the signal increase as the concentration of the protein increases...samples. If multiple dilutions are showing the same signal (Figure 3B), that means the amount of protein loaded...
Showing: 1 - 20 of 267 results